Historical Evolution of Wastewater Treatment in Wisconsin Wisconsin - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Historical Evolution of Wastewater Treatment in Wisconsin Wisconsin - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Historical Evolution of Wastewater Treatment in Wisconsin Wisconsin Wastewater Operators Association Conference by Kenneth Sedmak October 12, 2016 What is this? Ancient Public Outhouse-Greece 30 AD Night Soil/Chamber Pot Collection

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Historical Evolution of Wastewater Treatment in Wisconsin

Wisconsin Wastewater Operators’ Association Conference by Kenneth Sedmak October 12, 2016

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What is this?

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Ancient Public Outhouse-Greece 30 AD

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Night Soil/Chamber Pot Collection

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Advanced Night Soil Collection

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Water Closet Flushing Valve

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Sewer Construction

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River Treatment - Disease

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Wisconsin Early Population Centers

Green Bay Madison Milwaukee

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Madison Prior to Treatment

  • 1866 – Water closets start to replace
  • uthouses and chamber pots
  • 1874-1884 Private sewer lines discharge to

the lakes

  • 1885 – Sewer district system developed. Still

discharge to lakes

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“International Process”

  • John MacDougall proposes International

Process

– Used ferozone and polarite – Claimed to be more efficient than standard chemical plant – Guaranteed performance – Good at first but failed after several months – City abandoned in 1891

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Second Treatment Plant

  • Built in 1901 east of Yahara River
  • “Bacterial reduction process”
  • First trickling filter plant in the U.S. A.
  • Worked well
  • Effluent to Yahara River
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Burke Plant

  • Began design in 1912
  • Imhoff or Septic tanks on line in 1914
  • Trickling filter on line in 1916
  • Design capacity of 5 MGD
  • Designed for expected 1930 loadings
  • Capacity reached in 1920’s
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Imhoff or Septic Tank

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Imhoff Tanks – Burke Plant

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Trickling Filters at Burke Plant

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Trickling Filter with Rotary Distributor Antigo, WI

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Nine Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant

  • Put in service in 1928
  • Designed for 5 MGD
  • West pumping station pumped to Nine Springs
  • East pumping station pumped to Burke Plant
  • Odors due to septicity
  • Added 1.5 MGD of lake water to double

velocity in pipeline

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WINTER

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Nine Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant

  • First Addition – 1936 - Added activated sludge
  • process. Increased capacity to 11.25 MGD

– Allowed the Burke Plant to be closed – No treated effluent to Lake Monona

  • Second Addition – 1939. Increased capacity to

15 MGD

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1868 - Milwaukee City Council authorizes preliminary engineering plans for water and sewerage systems. 1871 – Intercepting sewers built to collect wastewater and convey it to Jones Island for discharge into lake. 1888 - Milwaukee River Flushing Tunnel built. 1905 – Kinnickinnic River Flushing Tunnel built.

ACTIONS TO ADDRESS MILWAUKEE’S WATER POLLUTION PROBLEM

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ACTIONS TO ADDRESS MILWAUKEE’S WATER POLLUTION PROBLEM

1913 - Sewerage Commission of the City of Milwaukee is established. 1915 - 1925 - Jones Island Wastewater Treatment Plant is built; interceptor system started. 1921- Metropolitan Sewerage Commission of the County of Milwaukee created. 1925-1933 Interceptor system expanded.

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Jones Island WWTP

First large scale activated sludge plant in U.S. Cost - $15 million Capacity - 85 MGD 1974 - Designated National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by ASCE 1979 - Placed on National Register of Historic Places

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1926 1997

Jones Island Wastewater Treatment Plant

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1936

Auer Ave Siphon Jones Island Ferric Chloride Storage Milorganite loading

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Public Works Administration (PWA)

  • New Deal Act passed in 1933
  • Public Works Administration-Grant Money
  • $6 Billion
  • 65% of Wastewater Plants in USA
  • 1933-1944
  • Preliminary/Primary Treatment
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WPA Program

  • Part of New Deal of 1933
  • Works Progress Administration (WPA)
  • Small projects
  • Hired and paid people on relief
  • Projects for youth and women
  • Some WPA staff worked on PWA projects
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Some PWA Plants

  • Green Bay-1935
  • La Crosse – 1938
  • Manitowoc-1940
  • Racine -1938
  • Kenosha-1940
  • Sheboygan-1937
  • Eau Claire-1940
  • Others
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GBMSD 1935-1955

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GBMSD 1955

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Research Combined Municipal and Paper Mill Waste Treatment-1967

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GBMSD 1975

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La Crosse 1936

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La Crosse Engine-generators

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La Crosse Plant Open House Article July 3, 1938

“The gas produced in this digestion is used to operate all equipment, furnish lights, and even heat for the buildings”

“The Public Works Members are

insistent on the public understanding that in visits to the plant there will be nothing offensive to be faced” Plant managed by Carl Walstrom and four operators working 8-hour shifts.

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Anaerobic Digester – Pancake Shape

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Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge

Wastewater Mechanical Thickening Dewatering Liquid Disposal Cake Disposal Desulfuri- zation Siloxane Removal Storage Excess Power Heat Digester Gas Handling Recycle Gravity Thickening w/Mixing

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Sheboygan 90-100% Power Generation From Digester Gas

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Micro-turbine Power Generation

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Methane Powered Engine-Generators

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Gas Utilization as CNG

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Percentage of Municipalities Meeting Clean Water Act Goals-WDNR

18% 46% 95% 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Year 1974 1979 1983

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Treatment Plants by July 1984-WDNR

  • Activated Sludge

279

  • Aerated Lagoons

118

  • Stabilization Ponds

127

  • Rotating Biological Contactors

56

  • Trickling Filter

44

  • Oxidation Ditch

35

  • Packed Tower

2

  • Septic and Primary Treatment

22

  • Total

683

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Bio-tower (Packed Tower)

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Media

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Bio-towers

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Manitowoc Fixed Film-1976

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Rotating Biological Contactor-mid 70’s

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Page 52| October 8, 2015 WWOA 49th Annual Conference

Eau Claire’s RBC WWTP

RBCs Primary Clarifiers RWW Pumps/Screening/ Grit Removal Final Clarifiers Administration/ Laboratory Bldg Secondary Digesters Primary Digesters Sludge Storage Chlorine Contact Basins

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Ammonia Treatment-Nitrification

  • Two Stage Activated Sludge Nitrification-Mid 70’s
  • Combination of Activated Sludge and Fixed Film
  • Communities

– Waupun – Beaver Dam – West Bend – Howards Grove – Grafton – Others

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Lake Geneva-1985

  • First cold weather single stage nitrification-

denitrification facility in the nation.

  • Discharge to seepage cells
  • Total nitrogen standard less than 10 mg/l.
  • Lake Geneva discharges effluent at

– Total nitrogen-2 mg/l – BOD and TSS less than 10 mg/l

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Lake Geneva Orbal Oxidation Ditch

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Activated Sludge Modifications – ’90s to present

  • Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
  • Selectors
  • Anoxic and anaerobic zones
  • Biological phosphorus removal

– Bardenpho – AO, A2O, UCT and modifications, etc.

  • Control of nitrification-denitrification
  • High rate with fixed media-MBBR or IFAS
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Sequencing Batch Reactor Somerset, WI

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Page 58| October 8, 2015 WWOA 49th Annual Conference

Eau Claire BNR Selector Zones

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Wisconsin Rapids-MBBR Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor or Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge

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Lagoon Systems

  • Stabilization Ponds
  • Two and three stage aerated lagoon with

settling

  • Covered lagoon – Control Algae
  • Chemical treatment for phosphorus removal
  • Filter effluent
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Brownsville, WI Covered Lagoon

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Industrial Waste Treatment

  • Paper Mills
  • Food Processing
  • Metal Finishing-physical/chemical
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La Crosse’s City Brewery – First Pretreatment using -Biothane

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Bush Brothers-Bean WWTP Augusta, WI

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Anaerobic Reactor with Nitrification- Denitrification Activated Sludge

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Stevens Point

  • City-Industry Cooperative Project
  • Stevens Point Brewery Waste
  • Concentrated Brewery Waste to City’s

Anaerobic Digester via Force main

  • Both Benefit
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Brewery Waste

Waste Segregation

Thin Thick

New Force Main to EQ Tank

WWTP Aerobic Treatment WWTP Anaerobic Treatment

To Digester and Engine Generator

Energy Produced

Hauled in Waste

Energy Required

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Instrumentation Graphic Displays for Monitoring

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PLCs with Computer Control

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Laboratory Analysis

From Milligrams to Micrograms/Liter QA/QC YES NO

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Goal Met-Protecting Wisconsin Waters

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Acknowledgements

  • Madison MSD
  • Milwaukee MSD
  • NEW Water Green Bay
  • La Crosse
  • Lake Geneva
  • Whitewater
  • Manitowoc
  • Operators, Engineers and WDNR Staff