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heat up a nucleus? 2 We Get a Gas of Particles Slide by A. Mocsy 3 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
heat up a nucleus? 2 We Get a Gas of Particles Slide by A. Mocsy 3 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Creating Quark Gluon Plasma What happens if we heat up a nucleus? 2 We Get a Gas of Particles Slide by A. Mocsy 3 But, the number of hadronic states grows exponentially. This implies a maximum temperature for a hadron gas [Hagedorn] T H =170
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We Get
a Gas of Particles
Slide by A. Mocsy
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But, the number of hadronic states grows exponentially. This implies a maximum temperature for a hadron gas [Hagedorn] TH=170 MeV
dN dM ~ Mαexp M TH
Broniowski, et.al. 2004 Slide by A. Mocsy
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and if we stubbornly continue to heat the gas…
Slide by A. Mocsy
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Slide by A. Mocsy
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QGP and Lattice QCD
Figure from: Kolb, P. & Heinz, U. in QuarkﾐGluon Plasma 3
temperature, T [MeV] scaled energy density, ε/T4
Quark Gluon Plasma established theoretically
Lattice calculations indicate a rapid crossover accompanied by an increase in the number of degrees of freedom
How do lattice and experiment intersect?
F.~Karsch, arXiv:0711.0656 [hep-lat]
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Intersection of Lattice and Experiment
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Quarkonium as a QGP Thermometer QCD Phase Diagram
- The Phase Boundaries
- The Critical Point Search
- Hadronic Fluctuations
Equation of State and Expansion Dynamics
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Intersection of Lattice and Experiment
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Quarkonium as a QGP Thermometer QCD Phase Diagram
→ The Phase Boundaries → Order of the Transition → The Critical Point Search
Equation of State and Expansion Dynamics
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QGP Thermometer
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Calibrating the QGP Thermometer
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Lattice Correlators and Free Energy are key components
- A. Mocsy, QM09
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Calibrating the QGP Thermometer
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Lattice Correlators and Free Energy are key components
- A. Mocsy, QM09
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Lattice and Quarkonium
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Lattice calculations for the QQbar free energy clearly show screening But lattice correlators show little modification Lattice U and F used to constrain the potential in a potential model A threshold enhancement can explain the screening and the correlators Intersection with experiment:
➥ Alters suppression sequence ➥ Charm correlations will give low mass dileptons and D-D correlations ➥ Charm recombination
Mocsy, Petreczky: Phys.Rev.Lett.99:211602,2007 RBRC-Bielefeld 2008
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Phase Transitions
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Do the Little Bangs Boil?
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No evidence for the growth of fluctuations with system-size that one expects for a 1st or 2nd order phase transition: Is there a 1st or 2nd order phase transition at zero µB? No!
Lattice QCD and Data
Aoki, Y., Endrodi, G., Fodor, Z., Katz, S. D. & Szabó, K. K. Nature 443, 675–678
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Do the Little Bangs Boil?
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No evidence for the growth of fluctuations with system-size that one expects for a 1st or 2nd order phase transition: Is there a 1st or 2nd order phase transition at zero µB? No!
Lattice QCD and Data
Aoki, Y., Endrodi, G., Fodor, Z., Katz, S. D. & Szabó, K. K. Nature 443, 675–678
Data don’t show evidence of fluctuations from a 1st
- r 2nd order phase transition
consistent with Lattice expectations of a smooth cross-over from QGP to hadron gas at zero µB
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Search for a critical point at RHIC
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The experimental search is underway as we speak
In 1911, Rutherford discovered the nucleus, making him the first nuclear physicist 100 years later, RHIC will scan for new landmarks on the nuclear matter phase diagram
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Fluctuation of Conserved Charges and the Critical Point Search
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Cheng et al., arXiv:0811.1006 STAR: Submitted to PRL
Data follow a linear superposition model for all system sizes with kurtosis time variance equal unity
- C. Schmidt: Hard Probes
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Information from Lattice for Finite µB
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- C. Schmidt: Hard Probes
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Lattice QCD and Expansion Dynamics
QGP phase
quark and gluon degrees
- f freedom
hadronization kinetic freeze-out initial energy density distributions and correlations of produced particles
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Azimuthal Distributions
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Collision of two Lorentz contracted Gold nuclei
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Elliptic Expansion
Ballistic expansion particle density
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Effect of Lattice EOS on Observables
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Hirano Hirano Huovinen Huovinen
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Interplay of Lattice & Heavy Ion Collisions
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We think finite temperature lattice results are important for basically all aspects of heavy-ion phenomenology I say “think” because experimentalists need to demonstrate that our collisions create a locally equilibrated medium where thermodynamic variables can be defined The more the models are constrained with lattice data, the easier that will be