Heat resilient city Flooding Heatstress Drought Heatstres - - PDF document

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High Resolution Thermal Stress mapping In Africa: Decision Maps for Urban Planning in Johannesburg

Floris Boogaard 1,2 Marieke de Groen5 Gillian Maree6, Jeroen Kluck 2,4

1Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Zernikeplein 7, P.O. Box 30030, 9700 RM

Groningen, The Netherlands

2Tauw bv, PoBox 133, 7400 AC Deventer, The Netherlands 4Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Weesperzijde 190, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The

Netherlands

5 AquaLinks Research and Implementation, Johannesburg, South AfricaGauteng 6City Region Observatory (GCRO)

Corresponding author: Floris@noorderruimte.nl

dr.ir. F. (Floris) Boogaard PhD Professor Spatial Transformations Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen (The Netherlands) Floris@noorderruimte.nl

All presentations and papers download: https://www.climatescan.nl/projects/2537/detail

Introduction

Science practice Models Verification engagement Education Local stakeholders

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Challenges
• 3. Tools: climatemaps

1.Heatstressmaps 1.The Netherlands 2.Asia 3.Africa

• 4. Next steps

– Solutions and more info – Find us, working together?

Content Combined solutions for Challenges in urban climate

waterquality Floodings Heatstress Airquality Other factors… Drought

Urban Climate models

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• Flooding
• Heatstress
• Drought
• Damage (cost)
• Subsidence
• Pollution
• Waterquality
• (im)mobility
• Opinion (social

media)

• …. etc

Heatstres Johannesburg

Heat resilient city

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Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences

• Heatmaps, heatgoal
• Heatmeasures
• Heat design guidlines

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Dutch approach: climate adaptation

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The quick-scan GIS-based thermal stress maps give a quick insight in possible thermal stress locations in a city. The maps give an estimate of the maximum PET (physiological equivalent temperature) during a heat wave. results of heat stress on district level for urban planners to prioritize the implementation of climate adaptation measures

National climate adaptation (municipality <2020) example Fryslan

several type of maps

Boogaard F, Fliervoet J., Doutsen K., Lasonder J. Veeneman K., Hoornstra P., Flood and heatstress modelling for climate adaptation, results of ‘Stressttest Fryslân’, RRAU (Resilient Responsible Architecture and Urbanism), Groningen, 10-12 April 2018.

• Ground use (building, paved, unpaved, material, water)
• DEM, Elevation map showing buildings and trees (shadow)
• Air photographs (greenery)
• General climate effects (eg western wind)

The maps show either differences in the air temperature PET

The practical use heatstressmaps in Holland: Utrecht/Nijmegen

International Four Days Marches Nijmegen The International Four Day Marches Nijmegen is the largest multiple day marching event in the world. It is organised every year in Nijmegen, Netherlands in mid-July as a means of promoting sport and exercise. Participants walk 30, 40 or 50 kilometers daily depending on their age and gender, and, on completion, receive a royally approved medal (Vierdaagsekruis). The participants are mostly civilians, but there are also a few thousand military participants.

Urban planners: Multi-layer-models Groningen

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INXCES is a result of COST, the partners are:

Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest (UTCB-CCIAS) the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) University of Applied Sciences Groningen (HUAS) Lulea University of Technology (LTU) the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU)

relevant workpackages: * technological innovations and tools * Dissimination and Outreach

• Twitter: INovationXCES
• Facebook: INovationXCES
• Research Gate: INXCES

International: The need for INXCES

INnovations for eXtreme Climatic EventS

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• Share best practices

20-6-2018 Kenniscentrum NoorderRuimte bureau NoorderRuimte

Asia: use of heatstressmaps

Heatstress Tainan (Taiwan) Heatstress map in Ayutthaya (Thailand)

Africa: Why Johannesburg? Focus area for climate change adaptation

A large African city within the Gauteng City Region in which heat stress is already ‘officially’ acknowledged as one of the six focus areas for climate change adaptation (Climate Change Adaptation Framework (draft 2018, Prof. Coleen Vogel et al.) Focus areas: Climate change adaptation governance Water scarcity Floods and stormwater Heat waves, human and environmental health Informal settlements and urbanisation Infrastructure

Why Johannesburg? Variety

Already the greatest man made forest in the world …. But not in the high density areas or the new developments…

Photo credit: Johny Miler, Unequal Scenes (Bloubosrand / Kya Sands) Momentum: Rapid urbanization / densification, and busy with: Busy with Open Space Planning plans, Busy with Stormwater Design Manual, Starting with Green Infrastructure Strategy

Needs for heat stress map: ‘green, health, planning’

• Climate Change Adaptation manager: “We need

information to inform our tree planting programme”

• Researcher: “Clinics in poor areas have higher

number of illnesses during hot periods. Is this influenced by city fabric?”

• Large commercial developer: “We are building a

new city, are we adding to heat stress?”

• You?

First results First results: scenarios 2017-2050, AIR-PET

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Next steps:

• Vericiation of the map:

“heatscans, city climatescans and social media”

• From analyse to act:

“Climatescan, ‘climate in our street’, engagement with stakeholders.

• ….. Example of engagement and

verification

Challenge Urban floods Hittestress urban waterquality mirco polutants urban waterquality marco polutants plastic waste

Verification Johannesburg Weather data

installed (TAHMO) automatic weather stations

6/20/2018

Challenge Method Urban floods Mapping floodings and infiltration capacity measurements with infiltrometertest Hittestress Dynamic and static measurements

• f

temperature

• n

several surfaces in the urban dense area with heatcameras and sensors urban waterquality mirco polutants apps and teststrips and underwaterdrones with camera’s and sensors urban waterquality marco polutants; plastic waste ‘square method’ the type and amount of plastic waste is determeined at 1m2

The City Climate Scan methodology: to measure, map, scan and assess different parameters that provide insight into the vulnerability of urban areas and neighborhoods.

Cityscan for climate adaptation The wicked problem scan: example Rotterdam

Verification of the map: “heatscans, city climatescans and social media”

From map to Solutions

www.climatescan.nl

swales: >100 Permeable pavement >50 infiltration in low lying Holland Internationaal, citizen science

Conclusions, next steps

• Combined climate GIS maps (heat stress and urban flooding)

indicate vulnerable locations to the effects of climate change.

• Maps are quick-scan tools for urban planners who need to

make early decisions.

• Measures to prevent flooding and to reduce urban heat can
• ften be combined and carried out at the same time.
• In the European and Asian cities the tools have been proven

useful and the maps will be applied in the African process with verification and engagement of stakeholders.

• Challenges and further developments: mapping other climate

related issues in dense urban areas e.g. Africa.

• Work on this together?

5 THANK YOU… www.climatescan.nl twitter.com/Climate_Scan

dr.ir. F (Floris) Boogaard PhD professor spatial transformations: Floris@noorderruimte.nl +31651556826

更多信息？ 问题与交流 20-6-2018 Kenniscentrum NoorderRuimte bureau NoorderRuimte Floris Boogaard, Jeroen Kluck, Marieke de Groen, High Resolution Thermal Stress mapping In Africa: Decision Maps for Urban Planning in Johannesburg, Adaptation Futures 2018 Dialogues for solutions, 5 th international climate change adaptation conference, Cape Town 18-21 June 2018 Boogaard F., Vojinovic Z., Yu-Cheng C., Kluck J. Lin T., High resolution decision maps for urban planning: a combined analysis of urban flooding and thermal stress potential in Asia and Europe, ICSEWR, Melaka. Malaysia December 2016. Boogaard F, Chen Y, Kluck J., Yang S., van der Meulen L., Lin T, The integration of storm water flooding and thermal stress potential in Tainan (Taiwan) and Groningen (Netherlands), Lyon NOVATECH 2016. . Boogaard F, Fliervoet J., Doutsen K., Lasonder J. Veeneman K., Hoornstra P ., Flood and heatstress modelling for climate adaptation, results of ‘Stressttest Fryslân’, RRAU (Resilient Responsible Architecture and Urbanism), Groningen, 10-12 April 2018.

All papers on: https://www.climatescan.nl/projects/2537/detail