HEAT IN THE CITY Regina Vetter, C40 Cool Cities Network Manager 01. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Regina Vetter, C40 Cool Cities Network Manager

HEAT IN THE CITY

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Table of Content

01.

C40 CONTEXT

02.

HEAT & VULNERABILITY MAPPING

04.

HEAT ACTIONS

05.

INTEGRATING CLIMATE MITIGATION & ADAPTATION

01.

C40 CONTEXT

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C40 connects 96 cities worldwide to tackle the climate crisis together

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C40 CONTEXT

Cities are engines of growth and innovation More than half of the world population lives in cities. Cities are also huge CO2 emitters and are vulnerable to the effects

• f climate change.

Cities represent 70% of global CO2 emissions. 98% of C40 cities are already experiencing the impacts of climate change.

BUT

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At 1°C of over-heating C40 cities are already experiencing a new climate reality

C40 CONTEXT

Durban Flooding and Landslide April 2019 Tokyo Heatwave May 2019 Chennai Water shortage Feb-May 2019

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17 members of the Steering Committee, representing the 7 regions, make strategic decisions and meet 3 times a year.

C40 is a city-led organization

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C40 CONTEXT

ENERGY & BUILDINGS TRANSPORTATION & URBAN PLANNING

• Private Building Efficiency
• Municipal Building Efficiency
• New Building Efficiency
• Clean Energy
• Mobility Management
• Mass Transit
• Walking & Cycling
• Zero Emission Vehicles
• Land Use Planning
• Sustainable Waste Systems
• Waste to Resources
• Food Systems

ADAPTATION IMPLEMENTATION

• Connecting Delta Cities
• Cool Cities
• Urban Flooding

AIR QUALITY

• Air Quality

FOOD, WATER & WASTE

16 C40 Networks: Driving policy change in high impact sectors

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How Networks work

C40 networks help replicate, improve and accelerate climate actions 70% of C40 cities have implemented new climate actions, better or faster as a result of their participation in C40

C40 CONTEXT

Support group of 25-40 city experts, sharing information, experiences, challenges and advising each other through all stages of policy development process

IMPLEMENT SELECT ACTION APPROVE PLAN EVALUATE

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C40 Cool Cities Network

C40 CONTEXT

PARIS BERLIN LONDON MADRID ATHENS BARCELON A ROME DUBAI TSHWANE DURBAN DAR ES SALAAM TOKYO SEOUL MELBOURN E SYDNEY RIO DE JANEIRO GUADALAJAR A QUITO LOS ANGELES TORONTO NEW YORK CITY PHILADELPHI A WASHINGTON DC TEL AVIV BUENOS AIRES CAPE TOWN MEDELLIN LISBON MEXICO CITY SAO PAULO ACCRA MIAMI PHOENIX MILAN ROTTERDAM BOSTON

03.

HEAT RISK MAPPING

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• 2. HEAT RISK MAPPING

CITY CASE STUDY


Surface temperature maps


PARIS - HEAT MAP

Purpose To identify the urban heat pockets and to understand the impact of various cooling strategies Duration 3 years Method Airborne mapping Resolution 1 km Frequency of data collection One shot survey Cost 55,000 € for heat mapping; (2 flights beginning & end of night), 15,000-20,000 € for report analysis Team Private consortium of consultants: specialists

• f weather forecast measurement, scientists

from university, specialists from mapping and data Project components 2 thermal maps; a local instrumental measurement survey to study effects and impacts of 'green and blue' spaces

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MADRID

CITY CASE STUDY


Air temperature sensors

• 2. HEAT RISK MAPPING

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CITY CASE STUDY


Heat vulnerability Index - visualisation

• 2. HEAT RISK MAPPING

TORONTO

03.

• 1. Heat emergency management
• 2. Long-term cooling actions

HEAT ADAPTATION ACTIONS

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Heatwave emergency management

• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

HEATWAVE PROTOCOL Outlining the arrangements for the management of heatwaves across preparedness, response and recovery. COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN Strategies and for communication of heat risk to vulnerable populations COOLING CENTRES = public or private spaces within a city, which are set up by local authorities to temporarily protect citizens from the health effects of a heat wave.

HIGH MEDIUM LOW VERY LOW

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Communications campaign

• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

BUENOS AIRES

Identification of vulnerable groups Targeted outreach campaigns, examples:

• Social media
• Flyers in strategic locations

(doctors, pharmacies,..)

• Posters (buses, stations,

schools, ..)

• Neighbourhood check-ins for

elderly (collaborating with community groups)

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Cool roofs and pavements

Shading Water

HEAT ACTIONS

• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

Green spaces

Long-term cooling actions

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• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

TOKYO

Cool roofs & pavements Comparison of a black and a white flat roof on a summer afternoon with an air temperature of 37 degrees Celsius.

Source: Adapted from data from LBNL Heat Island Group.

Reducing surface temperatures

heat-shielding pavement

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• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

Green spaces

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• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

Green roofs and walls

EXTENSIVE green roofs INTENSIVE green roofs

“LUSH policy” that regulates and incentivises private building greenery

DURBAN

“Green Roof

Guidance” that provides support for green roofs on residential buildings

SINGAPORE

Green spaces

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Urban forests - parks and tree canopy

• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

The City of Seoul has the goal of creating 1000 forests and 1000

• gardens. For example, the City

turned a former overpass into a lush public park with over 24,000 plants. ‘Green Corridors’ - a network of greenery across the city with the aim

• f reducing UHI effect, and also

improving biodiversity and air quality. Trees, shrubs and ground cover have been planted along the main transport axes, riverside as well as marginalised neighbourhoods of Medellín. Athens has developed a web-based tree inventory, that helps to know the exact costs of maintenance and help to allocate resources appropriately.

ATHENS MEDELLIN SEOUL

Green spaces

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• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

Shading

Source: Guide to Urban Cooling Strategies, CRC Low Carbon Living (2017)

TEL AVIV

Shading Planning Guidelines & innovation competition

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• 3. HEAT ACTIONS

CAPE TOWN

Water

Source: Guide to Urban Cooling Strategies, CRC Low Carbon Living (2017)

Water spray parks

04.

INTEGRATING HEAT IN OTHER SECTORS

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Climate change affecting….

• 4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION

…transportation systems / active mobility …clean energy generation …buildings

PRESENTATION HEADING

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MITIGATION: ACTIONS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS (GHG) ADAPTATION: ACTIONS TO REDUCE THE IMPACTS OF EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

Mitigation & Adaptation

• 4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION

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Types of interactions

• 4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION

Piggybacking: Actions that are complimentary when designed and/or implemented together. Mal-investment: Actions that can be undone or rendered less effective by the effects of climate change if they are not sufficiently resilient Synergies: Actions that reduce both carbon emissions and climate risk Trade-offs: Actions with contrary effects on mitigation and adaptation

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Examples : Heat and transportation

Melbourne Cycling water sensitive Lanes Los Angeles – cool pavement

• n bike lanes
• 4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION

Green roofs on BRT stations, Quito

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Examples : Heat and Buildings

Passive cooling, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi Air conditioners in Kigali Vertical gardens tower, Singapore

• 4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION

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C40 Resources:

…available on C40 Knowledge Hub www.c40knowledgehub.org For example:

• “Understanding Infrastructure

Interdependencies in Cities” (2019)

• “The Future We Don’t Want” Report (2018)
• Adaptation Integration Guides (Clean Energy

Systems, Municipal Buildings Efficiency, Private Buildings Efficiency, New Buildings, Mass Transit, Walking & Cycling, Food Systems, Waste Systems)

• Heat Communications Toolkit (2020)

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Thank you!

Contact Regina Vetter Cool Cities Network Manager, C40 rvetter@c40.org