Health Promotion Dr Aamir Hameed Assistant Professor, Community - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Health Promotion

Dr Aamir Hameed

Assistant Professor, Community Dentistry Deptt, PDC

History

 The origins of health promotion date back to

the work of public health workers in 19th century

 At that times rapid industrialization resulting

in terrible social conditions which led to epidemics of infectious diseases.

Health Promotion



The aim of health promotion is to improve, support and advance the public health and prioritize it on public agenda.

 Many authors define health promotion differently

some of them emphasize on activities and some of them focus on values and aims (Ewles and Simnett).

Bunton and Macdonald, (2002)

 “Health promotion is a strategy for promoting the

health of whole population.

 Health promotion is the science and art of helping

people change their lifestyle to move toward a state

• f optimal health”.

Health promotion as:

 “representing marginalised populations,

advocating equity, giving voice to the powerless and educating people in civic rights, democracy and politics, that is, in

• citizenship. In this respect, health promotion

represents a humanist discourse aimed at creating a more equal and just society”. (Larsen et al 2009 p. 608)

Threshold concepts

 Upstream thinking  Social model of health  Salutogenesis

With acknowledgements to Dennis Burkitt

Determinants of Health

Ottawa Charter – Canada 1986

Ottawa Charter

 Why is it so important?  It ‘gave birth’ to a new, more radical, comprehensive

idea of what health promotion is.

 According Ottawa charter “Health promotion

is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health”.

Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986)

Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion 2005

 Reaffirms that Health Promotion is

“The process

• f

enabling individuals and communities to increase control

• ver

the determinants of their health and there by improve their health”

Components of Health Promotion

(Ottawa Charter 1986)

Strengthen community action

Reorient health services

Create supportive environment Build healthy public policy

Develop personal skills Enable Mediate Advocate

Components of Health Promotion

(Ottawa Charter 1986)



Building healthy public policy



Creating supporting environments for health



Strengthening community action and participation in health matters



Development of personal skills for control of health choices & the environment



Re-orientation of health services towards health promotion

Building healthy public policy



Many policies that affect health lie outside usual health agencies – environmental protection – legislation/ regulation on food and nutrition – control of sale and distribution of alcohol and tobacco – urban planning Health becomes, therefore, a concern and responsibility

• f each sector of government

Creating supportive environment



PHYSICAL – having adequate shelter – environment free of pollutants – having clean water, food and water fluoridation



SOCIAL – supportive social networks – environment free from violence or persecution



ECONOMIC – satisfying work – adequate income



CULTURAL – environment that allows expression through dance, music and art

Strengthening community action

 build capacity to increase the communities’ ability

to achieve change in physical and social environments

 through collective organization and actions  involves mobilization of community resources, both

humans and materials

 Community defines there own health needs

Developing personal skills

 role of behaviors and lifestyles in promoting

health

 skills are those that enable people to make

healthy choices



increase the choices and resources available

 to cope with predictable and unpredictable

life situations

 incorporate health promotion skills in

training of health professionals

Developing personal skills

Enable people to:

 value and use their own knowledge  understand and use health information  have access to learning opportunities for

health

 increase their self-efficacy /empowerment

Reorienting health services

 health systems to shift emphasis from

concentration on hospital-based care

 training and education of health professionals

needs to modified towards prevention and health promotion

 shift towards a system that is community

based, more user-friendly and focuses on health

Principal of Health Promotion

 involves a whole population  based upon a thorough assessment of

social, economic, physical and political determinants of health

 focused holistic view of health; lifestyle

• rientation

 emphasises equity

Principal of Health Promotion

 seeks to build capacity in communities,

• rganisations and individuals; build existing

strengths and assets Focus on:

• multi-sectoral
• building partnerships and works across sectors
• working within settings (e.g. schools,

workplaces)

Principal of Health Promotion

• working with people, in communities through

public

• participatory approaches
• diverse and complementary strategies to

promote individual and community health

Promoting health

John Hubley

Health Education

Communication directed at individuals, families and communities to influence:

awareness/knowledge decision-making beliefs/attitudes empowerment individual and community action/behaviour change community participation

Service improvement

improvements in quality and quantity

• f services:

accessibility counselling patient education

• utreach

social marketing screening

Advocacy

agenda setting and advocacy for healthy public policy

policies for health removal of

• bstacles

inequalities discrimination gender barriers