Health Paradox Margarette L. Kading, Pharm.D. Ph.D. Candidate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Flourishing: American Indian Positive Mental Health Paradox Margarette L. Kading, Pharm.D. Ph.D. Candidate University of Minnesota Second Canadian Conference on Positive Psychology July 18, 2014 Thank you to: Melissa L. Walls, Ph.D.

SLIDE 1

Flourishing: American Indian Positive Mental Health Paradox

Margarette L. Kading, Pharm.D. Ph.D. Candidate University of Minnesota

Second Canadian Conference

n Positive Psychology

July 18, 2014

SLIDE 2

Thank you to:

 Melissa L. Walls, Ph.D.  Laura C. Palombi, Pharm.D., MAT  Reid C. Smith, Pharm. D.  Benjamin D. Aronson, Pharm.D.  Community Research Council members

SLIDE 3

Why Positive Psychology?

 Medicine treats mental illness  Positive psychology prevents mental illness  Strengths-based research (Kirmayer)

SLIDE 4

What is Positive Mental Health?

Keyes
Spectrum of well-being
Flourishing—Moderate—Languishing
Flourishing = high level of emotional, psychological,

and social well-being

Mental Health Continuum—Short Form
Wellness ≠ absence of illness

SLIDE 5

PMH = further from the edge

Flourishing

prevents depression (Wood & Joseph, 2012)

SLIDE 6

PMH Prevalence and Health Outcomes

 17.2% flourishing without depression



Associated with better physical health, better psychosocial functioning, less missed work, decreased health care utilization (Keyes 2004, 2005a, 2005b)  56.6% moderately mentally healthy

*MHC-LF, tertile cutoffs

SLIDE 7

Ethnic Minorities and Mental Wellbeing

 Greater levels of mental wellbeing (Gallo et al. 2009;

Ryff; Keyes, 2009; Keyes & Hughes 2003)



Despite discrimination



Various explanations proposed  Black Americans



Lower rates of mental disorders



Higher rates of flourishing mental health (20.7% flourishing and not depressed)

SLIDE 8

American Indians (AI), Health, and Historical Trauma

 High prevalence of depressive symptoms and

psychological distress

 High prevalence of diabetes  Historical trauma impacts social and psychological

responses

 Marginalization  “Culture as treatment” (Gone, 2013)

SLIDE 9

Methods/Sample

 218 AI adults with Diabetes Type 2  Cross-sectional  Measures



PHQ9—depression scale



MHC-SF—Keyes’ PMH scale



Traditional cultural activities



Discrimination

SLIDE 10

PHQ-9

83% 17% Not Depressed Depressed

SLIDE 11

MHC-SF

1.6% 32.1% 50.3% 1.6% 13.5% 1.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Languishing Moderate Flourishing Not depressed Depressed

SLIDE 12

 Discrimination   Traditional cultural activities   Control Variables



Years with Diabetes



Age



Location



Gender



On/off reservation



Income

SLIDE 13

Conclusions

 Mental health paradox  Highlights potential resilience



Strengths-based AI research

SLIDE 14