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‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity’
WHO, 1948
Health and well-being in the planning system Jenny Dunwoody Arup - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Health and well-being in the planning system Jenny Dunwoody Arup - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Health and well-being in the planning system Jenny Dunwoody Arup Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity WHO, 1948 2 Environment and spatial planning
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- Established in 1985 (Directive 85/337/EEC)
- Applies to certain types of major planning application
- Ensures that the environmental implications of decisions are taken into account before
the decisions are made
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
- Established in 2001 (Directive 2001/42/EC)
- Applies to plans, policies and programmes
- Ensures that plans likely to have significant effects on the environment are made subject
to an environmental assessment, prior to their approval or authorisation
Environment and spatial planning
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Health…? Noise Air quality Socio- economic effects Ecology Traffic and transport Landscape and visual
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Dahlgren & Whitehead Rainbow (1991)
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- HIA developed in parallel to EIA
- A non-statutory process
- Driven by growing recognition of the link between healthy places and healthy people
Emergence of health impact assessment
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Health impact assessment (HIA)
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Impacts on health determinants Population distribution /sensitivity Evidence Potential health
- utcomes
Recommen
- dations
Health assessment process
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Green space Social cohesion Active travel Housing Air quality Employment Access to services
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Physical activity Mental wellbeing, cardiovascular health Vehicle emissions Respiratory health Social networks Mental and physical health Health determinants Health outcomes
Evidence
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‘Although there is a multitude of guidance supporting and advocating action on the built and natural environment to improve health outcomes, the evidence base underpinning these principles is still a matter of debate amongst the scientific and practitioner communities. The unique and individual nature of the built and natural environment make it difficult to develop evidence-based approaches that can be universally applied, and successful practices in one community setting may not always be transferrable to another.’ PHE, 2017
Evidence
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The Marmot Review (2010)
- People living in the poorest neighbourhoods in England
will on average die seven years earlier than people living in the richest neighbourhoods
- People living in poorer areas spend more of their lives
with disability - an average total difference of 17 years
- Action needed beyond the reach of the NHS, across all
the social determinants of health, including education,
- ccupation, income, home and community
Integration of health in the planning system – milestones
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Health and Social Care Act (2012)
- Public health functions moved from the NHS into local authorities
- Joint Strategic Needs Assessments & Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategies
- Established Public Health England - advises national and local government and the NHS
- n health improvement; collects data to improve understanding of public health
Revised EIA Regulations (2017)
- Requirement to assess the ‘likely significant effects’ of major developments on
‘population and human health’
Integration of health in the planning system – milestones
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Consultation & community engagement
- Insight into local health
issues and priorities
- Community involvement in
developing solutions
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- Integrated Impact Assessment of
development plans – including environmental, sustainability, health and equalities
- Health in All Policies (WHO) –
approach adopted by local authorities to systematically take into account the health implications of decisions
Strategic & policy level assessment
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Increased focus on wider determinants of health in new developments
- Walking and active travel
- Green space
- Transport and access
- Services & community space
- Employment
- Affordable housing