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HART Board Workshop
Jarrett Walker, PhD JarrettWalker.com HumanTransit.org Twitter: @humantransit
HART Board Workshop Ultimately, its about Space Ultimately, its - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
HART Board Workshop Ultimately, its about Space Ultimately, its - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Jarrett Walker, PhD JarrettWalker.com HumanTransit.org Twitter: @humantransit HART Board Workshop Ultimately, its about Space Ultimately, its about Space Technology never changes geometry! Taxi / Uber Bus Private Car Driverless
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- Technology never
changes geometry!
Bus Private Car Taxi / Uber Driverless Car Driverless Bus?
Ultimately, it’s about Space
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Ultimately, it’s about Space
We will always have room for these …
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And about labor (pre automation)
Operating cost is > 70% labor!
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The Wall Around Your Life
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Where can I go in 45 minutes?
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existing network
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proposed network
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Jane can get to:
95, 95,000 000 more j jobs ( (+43% +43%) 149, 49,000 m 000 more r res esidents ( (+68% +68%)
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Transport Planning Is Freedom Planning
- Transport planning:
– The process of securing our freedom to do anything require traveling faster than walking.
- Freedom is inside of:
– Real estate value – Social inclusion / equity – General prosperity
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The Geometry of Freedom
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The Ridership Recipe
- Maximize freedom, which
means:
- High frequency service …
- … following patterns of ...
– Density – Walkability – Linearity Why? Because this is how you bring the most useful destinations within reasonable travel time of the most people.
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Freedom is a geometric fact.
Network Freedom Ridership
Geometry Social Science But freedom is the foundation of ridership.
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Why Frequency Matters
Frequency is the most neglected element of transit. Frequency is a “cubed” benefit:
- Go when you want to go.
- Make connections easily, to get to more places.
- Less risk of being stranded by a disruption.
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Higher Frequency Higher Productivity (Boardings/Hour)
60 min 30 min 15 min
High frequency High ridership/cost
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- Useful enough to be
liberating, and
- Can’t drive up housing prices
everywhere.
- Helps build apartments with
less parking affordability
Frequent Buses Affordability
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Portland: Frequent bus-
- rientated development
(low or zero parking)
Frequent buses tend toward permanence, support redevelopment.
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But you have to draw and promote the frequent network clearly.
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A Map of Our Choices
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- Complexity. Focus on direct
services rather than offering
- connections. A complex,
infrequent network.
Abundant access
- Connections. Make connections
easy, through good facilities, and short waits achieved through frequency or pulses.
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Not far. Run service very close to every home or destination. .
How far will people walk?
Further to better service. Provide high quality service that’s worth walking further to get to.
Abundant access
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Peak or All Day?
Peak First. Design the network around peak needs, treating all-day as secondary . All Day First. Build all-day service that supports low car
- wnership, better urban form.
Then add peak service as demand warrants.
Abundant access
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Start with the peak,
- r all day?
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Protect from congestion?
- No. Run in mixed traffic
where congestion is high, making reliability impossible. .
- Yes. Give transit a path around
congestion, so that it can run fast and reliably.
Abundant access
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- Specialized. Different
services for different “types of people”
Diversity or Specialization?
- Diverse. Maximize the diversity
- f people who will find each
service useful.
Abundant access
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- Goal. Focus on the
technology as an end in itself, sacrificing access for an emotional or symbolic impact.
Technology: tool or goal?
- Tool. Select technologies only
for their ability to efficiently provide the greatest possible access.
Abundant access
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Ridership or Coverage?
Coverage. Serve everyone, even where few people will ride. .
- Ridership. Focus service where
ridership potential is high. Offer little service where ridership potential is low.
Abundant access
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Is Ridership What You Want?
The Ridership-Coverage Tradeoff
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Both goals are important, … but they lead opposite directions!
Ridership Goal
- “Think like a business.”
- Focus where ridership
potential is highest.
- Support dense and
walkable development.
- Max. competition with cars
- Maximum VMT reduction
Coverage Goal
- “Think like a public service.”
- “Access for all”
- Support low-density
development.
- Lifeline access for everyone.
- Service to every member city
- r electoral district.
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So it helps to choose a point on the spectrum …
Ridership Goal Coverage Goal
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In Houston, For Example
- Existing network was 55% ridership, 45% coverage.
- Board went through process of thinking about
alternatives
– More customers and more screaming.
- Board chose 80% / 20%.
- Plan designed to that goal.
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We know this geometrically!
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Thank you!
Jarrett Walker Blog: HumanTransit.org Twitter: @humantransit
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Land Use Drivers of Ridership
- Density
- Walkability
- Linearity
- Proximity
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Density
How many people are going to and from the area around each stop?
High Ridership Lower Ridership
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Walkability
Can the people around the stop walk to the stop?
High Ridership Lower Ridership
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Linearity
High Ridership Lower Ridership
Can transit run in straight lines that are useful to through-riders?
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Proximity
High Ridership Lower Ridership