Harmonizing People and Nature ~ A New Business Model Gretchen C. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Harmonizing People and Nature ~ A New Business Model Gretchen C. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 24, 2023 283 likes •961 views

Harmonizing People and Nature ~ A New Business Model Gretchen C. Daily Photo ~ Tokai no Inaka 1. Provisioning Services Seafood Crops & Livestock Forest Products 2. Regulating Services Climate Stabilization Water Supply Fire Prevention

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Harmonizing People and Nature

~ A New Business Model

Photo ~ Tokai no Inaka

Gretchen C. Daily

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  • 1. Provisioning Services

Seafood Crops & Livestock Forest Products

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  • 2. Regulating Services

Climate Stabilization Water Supply Fire Prevention Flood Control Sedimentation Control Pest Control Pollination

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  • 3. Cultural Services

Spiritual Values Inspiration Aesthetic Values Knowledge Systems Educational Values Sense of Place Recreation Ecotourism

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  • 4. Supporting Services &

Preservation of Options

Primary Production Biodiversity Resilience

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Decisions Ecosystems Services Value Institutions

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Decisions Ecosystems Services Value Institutions

Biophysical Models Economic & Cultural Models Incentives Information Actions & Scenarios

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Three Stories

  • 1. Beyond Reserves
  • 2. Beyond Biodiversity
  • 3. Beyond Charity
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Decisions Ecosystems Services Value Institutions

First Story: Beyond Reserves

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Biodiversity in Countryside

Biodiversity

Land Use Intensity

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Biodiversity

Land Use Intensity

Biodiversity in Countryside

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Biodiversity in Costa Rican Countryside

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Short-term Outlook: Good

Biodiversity

Land Use Intensity

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Malabar Coast

Work led by Dr. Jai Ranganathan

Long-term Outlook?

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Shrub Cashew

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Shrub Cashew Production Forest Forest

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Shrub Cashew Forest Arecanut Production Forest Arecanut

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Species Richness Species Richness

All Birds

Forest Birds

Malabar Grey Hornbill

Photo: M.S. Ashok

Great Hornbill

Photo: D. Behrens

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Countries with Significant Arecanut Cultivation

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What is the long-term trend for biodiversity in countryside?

High potential conservation value in widespread production systems

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Critical window of opportunity

What is the long-term trend for biodiversity in countryside?

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Three Stories

  • 1. Beyond Reserves
  • 2. Beyond Biodiversity
  • 3. Beyond Charity
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Decisions Ecosystems Services Value Institutions

Second Story: Beyond Biodiversity

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The value of biodiversity?

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Pollination Services

  • to natural populations
  • 60-70% of flowering

plant species require it

  • Plant populations often

limited reproductively by lack of pollinators (45% of natural populations studied; Burd 1994).

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  • 15-30% of food

production depends on animal pollinators

  • Of 1300 crops

worldwide, 70% require animal pollinators for one

  • r more cultivars

(Roubik 1995)

Pollination Services

  • to crops
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Crop pollination

  • Honeybee declines worldwide
  • Can wild bees to do the job?
  • Value of their habitats?

coffee tomato apple

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Coffee for Conservation?

Can we measure the benefits to farmers? Do forest pollinators benefit nearby coffee?

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Pollination vs Distance from Forest

Near Medium Far

Distance

Near Medium Far

Distance

Cumulative richness Abundance (indiv/sample) Pollen grains / stigma Visits/100fl/20min

0.1 km 0.7 km 1.6 km 0.1 km 0.7 km 1.6 km

(Ricketts 2004 Cons Biol)

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Value of rainforest to farmers?

Coffee near forest:

  • more diverse bees
  • more pollination
  • 20% higher yields

Value of forest: $60,000/year to 1 farm

$ $

(Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)

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The value of biodiversity? Valuing ecosystem services

? ? ? ? ? ?

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Valuing Ecosystem Services

Global Synthetic

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Value of rainforest: US$ 60,000/year to 1 farm

(Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)

$ $

Local Specific

Valuing Ecosystem Services

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Local Specific Global Synthetic Value of rainforest: US$ 60,000/year to 1 farm

(Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)

$ $

Valuing Ecosystem Services

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The Natural Capital Project

  • 1. Science → new tools
  • 2. Demonstration in sites globally
  • 3. Magnifying the impact
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InVEST

Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services & Tradeoffs

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Scenario Tool

How will ecosystem service values change… With climate change? With population growth? With a new policy or program?

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How would restoration affect

agricultural income drinking water quality erosion control carbon sequestration & biodiversity?

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InVEST 1.0 can map & value

Biodiversity Crop pollination Carbon sequestration & storage Water pollution regulation Managed timber production Avoided reservoir sedimentation

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And also…

Irrigation Flood mitigation Agricultural production Hydropower production Open access products Tourism & recreation

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Fisheries, Aquaculture Coastal Protection Recreation & Tourism Wave Energy Siting

Marine InVEST

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Data inputs on natural capital

Land Use Soil type Topography

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Data inputs on built capital

Roads Cities Infrastructure

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Outputs of ecosystem service levels

supplied and demanded

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Download InVEST at http://invest.ecoinformatics.org

Kareiva, Ricketts, Daily, Tallis, & Polasky, Eds. 2010. The Theory & Practice of Ecosystem Service Valuation in Conservation. OUP.

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Three Stories

  • 1. Beyond Reserves
  • 2. Beyond Biodiversity
  • 3. Beyond Charity
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Decisions Ecosystems Services Value Institutions

Last Story: Beyond Charity

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China Tanzania West Coast Hawai’i Amazon Basin Mexico Colombia Ecuador

The Natural Capital Project

Indonesia Uganda Belize

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China

1.InVEST Development 2.InVEST in Master Planning 3.Policy Evaluation

Land Use Decisions in China

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Baoxing County Hainan Island

China

Upper Yangtze River Basin

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Baoxing County

chinese monal

Red panda Giant panda

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Baoxing EFCA Mapping with InVEST

PRODUCTION:

  • Water Retention
  • Soil Retention
  • Carbon Storage
  • Biodiversity

DEMAND: Hydropower Flood Mitigation Irrigation Agriculture, Mining Draft

EFCA Map

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Water Retention Soil Retention Carbon Storage Bio- diversity

Upper Yangtze EFCA Mapping with InVEST

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Policy Evaluation

Program success? For people & nature

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Colombia Ecuador

Replicate & scale water funds

  • 1. New finance & policy

mechanisms

  • 2. Targeting of activities

Water Funds in L. America

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$$

Water Funds

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Colombia

1.Target resource use & conservation 2.New offset & mitigation policies

Resource Licensing

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Colombia

mining agriculture transportation and other major sectors.

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Looking ahead…

Food Security & Health Poverty Alleviation Engaging Leaders

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Thank you