Handout Download at http://thejourneyler.org/handout.pdf Friday, August 17, 18 • Not RGH /*R • Record The session!
An Unlikely Retention Hugh Paterson III & Kenneth S. Olson Friday, August 17, 18 How I got involved, my lack of field experience. Respect for Reid, Blust, Wol fg , Zorc.
The (inter)dental Approximant Kalinga - L palatal lateral labial flap ð ̞ Friday, August 17, 18 Kenneth S. Olson, Je fg Mielke, Josephine Sanicas-Daguman, Carol Jean Pebley, Hugh Paterson III Our hypothesis is that phonetic detail in allophones is relevant to reconstruction of proto phonemes. When we abstract away from the articulation to the level of the phoneme and then reconstruct based on the phoneme we lose information relevant reconstruction.
Where does it fit? PAn • R-L-D-y of Van der Tuuk and Conant R - Bikol L - Tagalog [tag] D - Malay y - Bantoanon [bno], Romblomanon [rol] Friday, August 17, 18 RLD from conant y examples from Zorc
Where does it fit? Otto Scheerer (1920) Über einen Bemerkenswerte L-Stellvertreter im Dialeckt von Aklán auf der Insel Panáy. Shows that the Aklano “velarized segment” is also a reflex of the R-L-D consonant. Friday, August 17, 18 RLD from conant y examples from Zorc
Aklano Data English Kagayanen Aklano [eng] [cgc] [akl] WORD INITIAL earthworm ð̞ a ˈð̞ a ɡ u ɬ a ɡ o wide, broad ˈð̞ apad / ˈ m ð̞ apad ɬā pad / ma- ɬā pad WORD MEDIAL rope ka ˈð̞ at ka ɬ at palm of hand ˈ pa ð̞ ad p āɬ ad eight ˈ wa ð̞ð̞ u wa ɬ u path ˈ da ð̞ an d āɬ an down, below, da ˈð̞ɨ m i-d āɬ um also under house ˈ ba ð̞ aj ba ɬ ay WORD FINAL thick ˈ dakm ɨð̞ d ā mu ɬ itch (v) ka ˈ t ɨð̞ katu ɬ boast ˈ bu ɡ a ð̞ pa-bu ɡ a ɬ Friday, August 17, 18 The Aklano segment is a little bit ambiguous in the literature. Zorc says it is a velar fricative but revises this to say it is a semi-vowel. I suspect it is velar without frication.
Retention Gallman (1983) - Innovation Reid (1973) - Innovation Payne (1978) - Retention Friday, August 17, 18
On the Periphery Friday, August 17, 18 1.
On the Periphery Lower Tanudan Kalinga [klm ] Butbut Kalinga [kyb ] Limos Kalinga [kmk] Lubuagan Kalinga [knb ] Virac, Southern Catanduanes Bicolano [bln ] Kagayanen [cgc ] Karaga Mandaya [mry] Sangab Mandaya [myt] Kalagan [kqe] Friday, August 17, 18 1.
Markedness Friday, August 17, 18 2. It is typologically marked (rarity.) Piraha, Wuvulu, and Central Hongshuihe Zhuang It is articulatorily marked (di ffj culty) interdentals are more marked in aqisition It is socially marked.
Markedness Typologically marked (rarity) Friday, August 17, 18 2. It is typologically marked (rarity.) Piraha, Wuvulu, and Central Hongshuihe Zhuang It is articulatorily marked (di ffj culty) interdentals are more marked in aqisition It is socially marked.
Markedness Typologically marked (rarity) Articulatorily Marked (difficulty) Friday, August 17, 18 2. It is typologically marked (rarity.) Piraha, Wuvulu, and Central Hongshuihe Zhuang It is articulatorily marked (di ffj culty) interdentals are more marked in aqisition It is socially marked.
Markedness Typologically marked (rarity) Articulatorily Marked (difficulty) Socially marked (Unliked) Friday, August 17, 18 2. It is typologically marked (rarity.) Piraha, Wuvulu, and Central Hongshuihe Zhuang It is articulatorily marked (di ffj culty) interdentals are more marked in aqisition It is socially marked.
Social Pressure as Motivation for Phonological Change Friday, August 17, 18 Kalagan Cebanu Harmon 1977
Social Pressure as Motivation for Phonological Change [kqe] The Shameful L Erika Arcenas (2004) Friday, August 17, 18 Kalagan Cebanu Harmon 1977
Social Pressure as Motivation for Phonological Change [kqe] The Shameful L Erika Arcenas (2004) [myt] Sangab Mandaya Andy Gallman (1983) Friday, August 17, 18 Kalagan Cebanu Harmon 1977
Social Pressure as Motivation for Phonological Change [kqe] The Shameful L Erika Arcenas (2004) [myt] Sangab Mandaya Andy Gallman (1983) [cgc] Carol Pebley (2009) Teased by Tagalog speakers Friday, August 17, 18 Kalagan Cebanu Harmon 1977
Language Spread Language Spread Friday, August 17, 18
Language Spread Language Spread Friday, August 17, 18
Language Spread Language Spread Friday, August 17, 18
Language Spread Language Spread Friday, August 17, 18
Language Spread Language Spread Culture Spread Friday, August 17, 18
Distribution with another approximant Friday, August 17, 18 3. Another Approximant a. voiced velar fricative [ ɣ ] and [ ɬ ] b. voiced retroflex approximant [ ɻ ] c. voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ ɭ ] d. Alternation with null Put some illistratory data in? (bone)
Distribution with another approximant The Interdental Approximant Friday, August 17, 18 3. Another Approximant a. voiced velar fricative [ ɣ ] and [ ɬ ] b. voiced retroflex approximant [ ɻ ] c. voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ ɭ ] d. Alternation with null Put some illistratory data in? (bone)
Distribution with another approximant The Interdental Approximant Another Approximant Friday, August 17, 18 3. Another Approximant a. voiced velar fricative [ ɣ ] and [ ɬ ] b. voiced retroflex approximant [ ɻ ] c. voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ ɭ ] d. Alternation with null Put some illistratory data in? (bone)
Some Data Update the Data to what is in the hand out. English Bone Head Trail, Road Moon worm seed Butbut tu ˈŋ ɚ h ʷ a ˈʔ ag ˈʧ a ð̞ an ˈ h ʷ u ð̞ an ʔ o ˈð̞ a ŋ h ʷ u ˈʔ o ɻ tu ŋ - ʔ e ð̞ ˈʔ u ð̞ u ˈ ke ð̞ sa ̞ ˈ bu ð̞ an ḳ u ˈð̞ a ŋ β u ḳ e ð̞ Lubuagen ˈ tu ŋʔ a ð̞ ˈʔ u ð̞ u ˈ qa ð̞ sa s ɔˈð̞ ag ˈ q ɔð̞ a ŋ ˈ vuqa ð̞ Majukayong Minangali tung ʔ a ð̞ ʔ u ð̞ u ʔ a ð̞ sa so ð̞ ag bato ð̞ bu ʔ o ð̞ Friday, August 17, 18
Different Philippine subgroups Friday, August 17, 18 4.
Northern Distribution Limos Kalinga [kmk] Minangali [kml] Lubuagen [knb] Butbut [kyb] Central Bontoc [bnc] Majukayong [kmd] Upper Tanudan Kalinga [kgh] Southern Kalinga [ksc] Balangao [blw] Friday, August 17, 18
Southern Distribution Kalagan [kqe] Sangab Mandaya [myt] Karaga Mandaya [mry] Mansaka [msk] Sangir [sxn] Sangil [snl] Friday, August 17, 18
Central Distribution [bln] Southern Catanduanes Bicolano Kagayanen [cgc] Iriga [bto] Buhi'non [bhk] Aklano [akl] Friday, August 17, 18
Some Better Data English Butbut Lubuagen Majukayong Minangali Kagayanen Kalagan Southern Blust (1999) Catanduanes Bicolano [eng] [kyb] [knb] [kmd] [kml] [cgc] [kqe] [bln] [PAn] three tu ˈð̞ u ti ˈð̞ u tu ˈð̞ u tu ð̞ u ˈ tallo to ð̞ o tu ð̞ u *telu moon ˈ h ʷ u ð̞ an ˈ bu ð̞ an s ɔˈð̞ ag so ð̞ ag ˈ bu ð̞ an bo ð̞ an bu ð̞ an *bulaN / *qiNas path ˈʧ a ð̞ an ˈ ke ð̞ sa ̞ ˈ qa ð̞ sa ʔ a ð̞ sa ˈ da ð̞ an da ð̞ an da ð̞ a *zalan house --- --- --- --- ˈ ba ð̞ aj ba ð̞ aj --- * ʀ umaq deep --- --- --- --- ˈ da ð̞ɨ m ma ð̞ a ð̞ om ha ð̞ a ð̞ um --- eggplant --- --- --- --- --- ta ð̞ om ta ð̞ ung --- eight --- --- --- --- ˈ wa ð̞ð̞ u wa ð̞ o wa ð̞ u --- itch --- --- --- --- ka ˈ t ɨð̞ kato ð̞ katu ð̞ --- palm of hand --- --- --- --- ˈ pa ð̞ ad pa ð̞ ad pa ð̝ ad --- man la ˈð̞ a ʔ i le ð̞ aki la ˈð̞ aqi la ð̞ a ʔ i mama --- la ð̞ ki --- (adult male) worm ʔ o ˈð̞ a ŋ ḳ u ˈð̞ a ŋ ˈ q ɔð̞ a ŋ bato ð̞ lula ɡ u --- --- *kulay seed h ʷ u ˈʔ o ɻ β u ḳ e ð̝ ˈ vuqa ð̞ bu ʔ o ð̞ lisu --- --- --- blood ˈʧ a ð̞ a ˈʧ a ð̞ a ˈ da ð̞ a da ð̞ a ˈ l ɨŋŋɨ ssa --- --- *da ʀ aq Friday, August 17, 18
Data Interpretation • The language of prestige does not use the interdental. Friday, August 17, 18 Lens to interpret the data
Some strategies for change • Coronal assimilation [l] • Aklano [ ɬ ] Velarization • Glottal stop replacement / deletion [ ʔ ] / [Ø] • Retroflexion [ ɻ ],[ ɭ ] Friday, August 17, 18
Some strategies for change l Friday, August 17, 18
Some strategies for change Friday, August 17, 18
What it all means • Re-construct an alternation between interdental and *l or reconstruct the interdental Friday, August 17, 18
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