Groundwater in Green County Presented to Green County Livestock - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Groundwater in Green County Presented to Green County Livestock Facility Study Group October 12, 2017 Madeline Gotkowitz Hydrogeologist Groundwater in Green County Groundwater basics Hydrogeology across Wisconsin Green County

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Madeline Gotkowitz Hydrogeologist

Groundwater in Green County

Presented to Green County Livestock Facility Study Group October 12, 2017

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Groundwater in Green County

Groundwater basics
Hydrogeology across Wisconsin
Green County
Hydrogeology
Wells and water use
Susceptibility to contamination

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Wisconsin’s Water Cycle

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Groundwater discharge to Honey Creek is “baseflow”

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Hydrogeology: Groundwater flows through rock and sediment

Water under the ground, within an aquifer; porous sand, gravel and rock holds water

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sandstone shale Dolomite and limestone

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Karst is a type of landscape

Formed when soluble rocks, such as limestone and dolomite, dissolve Dissolution occurs because percolating rainwater is slightly acidic, pH about 5.7 Spectacular, well-developed karst systems feature large caves and sinkholes (Kentucky, New Mexico, Cave of the Mounds) Wisconsin’s karst features are relatively muted, with small sinkholes, enlarged fracture networks and conduits

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20% of U.S. land surface is karst

Weary and Doctor, 2014

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crystalline rock sandstone carbonate

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UNAME

Su Os Opc

Carbonate rocks

Silurian Sinnipee Prairie du Chien

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sandstone

Mount Simon sandstone

Sinnipee

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Bedding plane fractures, Iowa County

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Horizontal Vertical

Platteville Fm, Hwy 151 Lafayette County

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southwest northeast

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Cause acute illness
Survival depends on

temperature, moisture, and absence of UV light

Present in large numbers in

human and animal waste

Septic systems, sewer

systems, and manure

Remain infectious on the
rder of 10s of months in

groundwater

Pathogens: bacteria, protozoa and viruses

Bacteria: Campylobacter, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Aeromonas

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Pathogen transport

Particulates and common diameters:

(1 micron = 1 millionth of a meter)

Human hair (~50-100 um) Rock fracture (1 – 1,000s um) Colloids (<0.2 um) Bacteria (~.2 – 20 um) Viruses (~0.005 um)

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Porous media: slows groundwater transport, filters pathogens, dilutes dissolved contaminants (e.g. nitrate) Fractures: rapid transport, no filtration or contaminant decay

Pore spaces filled with water

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Karst landscape: dolomite and limestone are easily dissolved…

Caves, sinkholes and fractures are common in this rock. Contaminants reach groundwater quickly…

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Dodgeville Fleet Farm

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Aquitards (confining unit) can partially separate aquifers

USGS http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclegwdischarge. html

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Calumet and Brown Counties

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The left jar contains “brown water” contaminated by manure.

Wisconsin’s groundwater contamination issues are significant…

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Karst features can be easy to see…

Sinnipee Dolomite: Dane and Iowa Counties

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Green County Hydrogeology

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Depth to Bedrock

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Green Co Bedrock Geology

Platteville-Galena dolomite St Peter sandstone Prairie du Chien dolomite Cambrian sandstones and shales

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sand and gravel deposits Sinnipee dolomite (Galena, Platteville)

St. Peter sandstone

Prairie du Chein dolomite Wonewoc sandstone Eau Claire shale

Mt. Simon sandstone

Residential wells Municipal wells

Green County well construction (likely)

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Wisconsin Groundwater Susceptibility Map

Depth to bedrock, bedrock type, depth to groundwater, soil type, and surficial geologic material