Green enho house use gas emission ons from m paddy dy rice e - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Green enho house use gas emission

• ns from

m paddy dy rice e in Chile le

Country Report – Sara Hube and colleagues INIA-Chile

July 13, 2016

IPCC y FAOSTATS (2014)

Paddy rice role in world GHG emissions

Chilean GHG Inventory

 National Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks (Non-Annex I country)

• Agriculture

 Enteric fermentation (CH4): Level 1 y 2  Manure management (CH4, N2O): Level 1 y 2  Rice cultivation (CH4): Level 1  Field burning agricultural residues (CH4, N2O, CO, NOX): Level 1  Agricultural soils (N2O): Level 1

National GHG emissions

Agriculture Sector 1990 2010 Total (Gg CO2 eq) 10,710.2 13,825.6 Total contribution (%) 21 15 Increase over BL (%) 29%

MMA (2014)

Paddy Rice contribution in Chile

MMA (2014)

53 34 12 1 Sector Contribution (%) Agricultural soils Enteric Fermentation Residues management Rice & burnings

MMA (2014)

Paddy Rice contribution in Chile

137.9 103.8

• 24.7 %

FAOSTAT (2016)

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Harvested area (ha) Year

Paddy Rice production in Chile

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Yield (t ha-1) Year

Paddy Rice production in Chile

Flooded fields 1,546 farmers in 21,754.9 ha One crop per year (October – March) Average annual yield 5.069 t ha-1 Heavy clay soils, poor drainage Organic Mater 1.6 – 3.5% pH 5.5 – 6.5 Yield per region (t ha-1) Regional area distribution (%) All seed used in Chile has been generated by INIA, mainly for boiled rice and lately for sushi

INN (2007)

Paddy Rice crop managament

• Rotation
• Rice-rice-rice
• Rice- natural grassland-rice
• Rice- natural grassland- NG-Rice
• Seeding system
• Conventional: seed pre-germinated, 5cm of water film,

broadcast, 140-160 Kg ha-1.

• Direct Seeded: grain drill, later flooded
• Soil preparation

– Chemical fallow – Straw incorporation

• Seeding time

– October

Paddy Rice crop managament

• Varietes
• Zafiro-INIA, Brillante-INIA, Cuarzo-INIA
• Fertilization

– Nitrogen

• Dose: 90-100 Kg de N ha-1
• seeding, tillering, booting

– Phosphorus

• Dose: 60 kg P205 ha-1
• At seeding

– Potassium

• Dose: 90 Kg de K20 ha-1
• At seeding
• Harvest time

– March-april

GHG measurements in paddy rice fields

• Parral, Región del Maule
• 14,000 ha
• 60 % national production
• Research Focus:

Methodology implementation for CH4 emissions from a paddy rice soil

2013

• Parral, Región del Maule
• 14,000 ha
• 60 % national production
• Research Focus:

Determine CH4 y N2O emissions for usual management practices

2014 - 2015

GHG measurements in paddy rice fields (Methodology)

• Static Chamber 60 x30 cm
• Plots 3 x 3 m
• 4 replicates per treatment
• Flooded during all season
• 3 deployment times (0, 20, 40 min)
• Variable

sampling frequency according to managements

• Analysis by gas chromatography, Perkin Elmer

Modelo Clarus 600

• Results were analyzed by ANOVA

GHG measurements in paddy rice fields (treatments)

2013 kg N ha-1 2014 kg N ha-1 2015 kg N ha-1 92 184 92 92 0 + Straw 0 + Straw 92 + Straw 92 + Straw

CH4 emissions - 2013 season

Flux of CH4 emissions Cumulative CH4 emissions The emission peak was during the flowering period, with no difference between treatments (P>0.05) No significant differences among N treatments (P>0.05)

CH4 emissions - 2014 season

• 100

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Flux, mg CH4 m -2 d-1 day 92 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 92 Kg N/ha 0 Kg N/ha

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0

Cumulative emissions, kg CH4 ha -1 Treatment

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Yield, t ha -1 Treatment

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

Emission intensity, kg CH4 t -1 Treatment

P>0.05

CH4 emission – 2015 season

• 100

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 20 40 60 80 100 120 Flux mg CH4 m -2 día-1 day 92 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 92 Kg N/ha 0 Kg N/ha

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Cumulative emission kg CH4 ha -1 Treatment

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Emission intensity, kg CH4 ton -1 Treatment

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Yield t ha -1 Treatment

P>0.05 P<0.05

Overall CH4 emissions

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Yield t ha -1 Treatment

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Emission intensity, kg CH4 ton -

1

Treatment

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

flux kg CH4 ha -1 Treatment

92 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 92 Kg N/ha 0 Kg N/ha

P>0.05

Overall N2O Emissions

• 1

2 4 6 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Flux mg N2O-N m -2 día-1 day 46 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 46 Kg N/ha 0 Kg N/ha

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6

Cumulative emission, kg N2O-N ha -1 Treatment

46 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3

Emission intensity, kg N2O-N t -1 Treatment

46 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw

P>0.05

Informative activities &matirials

Thank you for your attention sara.hube@inia.cl; mparedes@inia.cl; malfaro@inia.cl