Great Fires in Raleigh Mike Legeros Presenter Information Day - - PDF document

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Great Fires in Raleigh Mike Legeros Presenter Information Day - - PDF document

Raleigh Fire Department Historical Society www.raleighfirehistory.org Great Fires in Raleigh Mike Legeros Presenter Information Day Job: Software company, member of web team. Former Raleigh firefighter Fighting Fires


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Great Fires in Raleigh Mike Legeros

Raleigh Fire Department Historical Society

www.raleighfirehistory.org

Presenter Information

  • Day Job: Software company,

member of web team.

  • Former Raleigh firefighter
  • Official Raleigh FD historian
  • Incident photographer
  • Author
  • Buff
  • mikey@legeros.com
  • www.legeros.com

Fighting Fires Who Fought Fires

1792 - Citizens 1819 – First Fire Company 1852 – Volunteer Fire Department 1912 – Career Fire Department

Who Fought Fires

1792 - Citizens 1819 – First Fire Company 1852 – Volunteer Fire Department 1912 – Career Fire Department

  • Sixteen Fire Chiefs.
  • Thirty-five fire stations opened.
  • Over 1500 uniformed and civilian

members.

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How Fires Were Fought

1792 – Buckets 1819 – Hand engine 1870 – Steam engine 1887 – Fire hydrants 1914 – Motor pumper

Hand engines Hand engines

Handles for pumping Nozzle that swivels Water poured into pump using chain of buckets (bucket brigade)

1819, 1873

Philadelphia-Style Hand Engine (left) Rumsey Hand Engine (right)

1873

Outlet, connects to hose. Suction hose dropped into well or cistern. Nozzle, connects to hose.

Steam Engines

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Steam Engines

Nozzles Lantern Boiler Coal Tray Intakes/Outlets Whistle Pump

1870, 1905

1870 Gould 1905 American LaFrance

Fire Hydrants

Installed in 1887

1887

Hand Hose Reels

1890

Hose Wagons

Motor Pumpers

1926 American LaFrance

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Then and Now

1926 1950 1968 1975 1989 2010

Conflagrations 1816-1851

1816 – 51 buildings, first two blocks Fayetteville St. 1832 – 30 buildings, starts east side Fayetteville St. 1832 – Several buildings, Fayetteville St. 1833 – Several buildings, east side Fayetteville St. 1851 – 17 buildings, Fayetteville, Hargett, Wilmington St.

1816-1851

1816 – 51 buildings, first two blocks Fayetteville St. 1832 – 30 buildings, starts east side Fayetteville St. 1832 – Several buildings, Fayetteville St. 1833 – Several buildings, east side Fayetteville St. 1851 – 17 buildings, Fayetteville, Hargett, Wilmington St.

Boom!

1851

  • 17 buildings on Fayetteville, Hargett, Wilmington streets
  • Reported 12:15 a.m.
  • Controlled after 2.5 hours.
  • Losses estimated between $20,000 and $30,000.
  • Insurance coverage between $10,000 and $15,000.
  • Resulted in comprehensive improvements to city’s fire

protection capabilities, including better water supply, new fire engines, first fire station, first paid fire chief, and reorganized volunteer fire companies.

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1851 Great Fires of the 19th Century First Century Fires

  • 1831 – State House at Union Square.
  • 1839 – Methodist Church.
  • 1848 – Raleigh & Gaston Railroad

engine house.

  • 1867 – Exchange Hotel.
  • 1868 – City Market, two other buildings.
  • 1883 – St. Augustine’s Normal School buildings.
  • 1890 – Raleigh & Gaston Railroad roundhouse.
  • 1892 – Caraleigh Phosphate and Fertilizer Warehouse.
  • 1900 – Fleming’s Warehouse, two homes, stable.
  • 1901 – Watagua Building at A&M College.
  • 1903 – Infirmary at St. Mary’s College.
  • 1909 – St. Paul’s A.M.E. Church.

Apples and Oranges 1923-1954

  • Date

12/17/31

  • Time

7:25 p.m.

  • Box

261

  • Address

321 S. Blount St.

  • Location

Sanders Motor Co.

  • Stories

3

  • Building

brick garage

  • Lines

9

  • Hose

3,800 feet

  • Ladders

250 feet

  • Engine

7.3 hours

  • Loss

$19,000

Source: Fire Records

1923-1954

15 lines

  • 1926 - Insane Asylum
  • 1928 - Yarborough Hotel

9 lines

  • 1926 - Commercial Printing Co.
  • 1931 - Sanders Motor Co.
  • 1939 - 235 Fayetteville St.
  • 1952 - K&W Motor

8 lines

  • 1925 - _____ Theatre
  • 1927 - 112 W. Hargett St.
  • 1935 - 210 Fayetteville St.
  • 1943 - Quinn Furniture
  • 1943 - Bellas-Hess
  • 1948 - Farmers Co-Op

Exchange

  • 1952 - A&P store
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1970-present

1st alarm 2nd alarm 3rd alarm 4th alarm 5th alarm

Sources: News Reports Official Reports Personal Accounts

1970-present

Run card in 1977 1st alarm 2 engines, 1 ladder, 1 rescue, 1 bat chief 2nd alarm 2 engines, 1 ladder, 1 rescue, 1 bat chief 3rd alarm 2 engines, 1 ladder 4th alarm 2 engines 5th alarm 2 engines Plus on-call Asst. Chiefs.

1970-present

Run card in 2007 1st alarm 4 engines, 1 ladder, 1 rescue, 1 bat chief 2nd alarm 3 engines, 1 ladder, 1 rescue, 1 bat chief 3rd alarm 3 engines, 1 ladder, 1 rescue, 1 bat chief 4th alarm 3 engines, 1 ladder, 1 bat chief 5th alarm 3 engines, 1 ladder Plus special units, on-call Asst. Chiefs, etc.

1970-present

5 alarms

  • 1970 - Peebles Hotel
  • 2007 - Pine Knoll Townes

4 alarms

  • 1990 - Wake County Courthouse
  • 1993 - 2654 S. Saunders St.
  • 1981 - Mangel Building

3 alarms

  • 1970 - Holiday Inn North
  • 1976 - Pine State Creamery
  • 1988 - Hayes Barton Cleaners
  • 1991 - Montecito Apartments
  • 1992 - IGA Grocery Store
  • 1993 - Cameron Village
  • 1994 - Crown Court Apartments
  • 1998 - Quail Corners Shopping Center
  • 2000 - Meredith Village Apartments
  • 2002 - North Hills Terrace Apartments
  • 2003 - Warehouse, Penmarc Dr.
  • 2004 - Storage Building, Diggs Dr.
  • 2006 - House, Rose Ln.
  • 2007 - Apartments, Trillium Cir.
  • etc.

Note: Records are incomplete

Great Fires of the 20th Century Tompkins Hall (1914)

  • March 25, 1914.
  • Textile building at North Carolina

Agriculture & Mechanical College.

  • 3 stories, built 1901.
  • Reported 2:45 a.m.
  • Controlled ~5:00 a.m.
  • Steamer, hose wagons, plus

college hose streams.

  • Loss $80,000.

North Carolina State University photos

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Tompkins Hall (1914)

North Carolina State University photo

Tompkins Hall (1914)

North Carolina State University photo

Yarborough House (1928)

  • July 3, 1928.
  • Hotel and stores.
  • 300 block of Fayetteville Street.
  • 4 stories, brick, built 1852.
  • 46,500 square-feet.
  • Reported 1:20 p.m., Box 314.
  • 7,200 feet of hose, 15 streams.
  • 750,000 gallons.
  • Entire fire department, plus

Durham and Smithfield engines.

  • Loss over $200,000.

UNC NC Collection Photo

Yarborough House (1928)

North Carolina State Archives photo

Yarborough House (1928)

North Carolina State Archives photo

Yarborough House (1928)

University of North Carolina, North Carolina Collection photo

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Yarborough House (1928)

North Carolina State Archives photo

City Auditorium (1930)

  • October 24, 1930.
  • 3,500-seat theater, beside City Hall.
  • Davie Street just east of Fayetteville

Street.

  • 3-story brick, built 1912.
  • Reported 11:46 p.m., telephone.
  • Controlled 1:00 a.m.
  • 3,200 feet of hose, 7 streams.
  • Entire fire department.
  • Loss $84,600.

Raleigh City Museum, North Carolina State Archives photos

City Auditorium (1930)

Raleigh City Museum photos

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City Auditorium (1930)

North Carolina State Archives photo

Bellas-Hess Store (1943)

  • December 28, 1943.
  • National Bellas-Hess clothing store.
  • South Wilmington and East Martin

Streets.

  • 3 stories, brick.
  • Reported 11:19 p.m., Box 23.
  • Controlled ~2:30 a.m.
  • 6,050 feet of hose, 8 streams.
  • Damage $250,000.

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Bellas Hess Store (1943)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Bellas Hess Store (1943)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Bellas Hess Store (1943)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Edenton Street Church (1956)

  • July 28, 1956.
  • Edenton Street Methodist Church.
  • 228 W. Edenton Street.
  • Built 1881.
  • Reported 7:05 p.m.
  • Controlled by 10:00 p.m.
  • 4 engines, 2 ladders.
  • Loss over $500,000.

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

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News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Edenton Street Church (1956)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Edenton Street Church (1956)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Cameron Village (1964)

  • December 2, 1964.
  • Bryan Building at Cameron Village

Shopping Center.

  • Daniels Street.
  • 2 story, masonry/frame, built 1950.
  • Reported 5:25 a.m., verbal.
  • Controlled ~7:30 a.m.
  • 6 engines, 2 ladders, 1 rescue.
  • Loss $634,699.

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Cameron Village (1964)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Cameron Village (1964)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

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Cameron Village (1964)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Peebles Hotel (1970)

  • June 24, 1970.
  • 122 E. Hargett Street.
  • 3 stories, brick, built 1921.
  • Reported 5:12 p.m., box 216.
  • Controlled 7:30 p.m.
  • 5 engines, 3 ladders, 1 rescue.
  • ~35 firefighters.
  • Five alarms.
  • Loss $110,220.

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photo

Peebles Hotel (1970)

News & Observer photo

Peebles Hotel (1970)

Raleigh Times photo

Mangel Building (1981)

  • July 7, 1981.
  • 120 Fayetteville Street.
  • 2 stories, built 1890-1900.
  • 24,940-square feet.
  • Reported ~8:50 a.m.
  • Controlled ~12:00 p.m.
  • Over 100 regular, off-duty, and

volunteer firefighters, plus 21 recruits.

  • 31+ firefighters treated for smoke

inhalation and heat exhaustion.

  • Damage over $250,000.

Gary Knight photo Gary Knight photo

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Mangel Building (1981)

Gary Knight photo

Mangel Building (1981)

Gary Knight photo

Mangel Building (1981)

Gary Knight photos Gary Knight photo

Mangel Building (1981)

News & Observer / Raleigh Times photos

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IGA Grocery (1992)

  • December 20, 1992.
  • 718 N. Person Street.
  • 1 story, built ~1966.
  • 18,000 square-feet.
  • Reported 9:36 p.m.
  • Controlled after midnight.
  • 3 firefighters with smoke inhalation.
  • 6 engines, 3 ladders, 2 rescues.
  • 45 firefighters.
  • Three alarms.

Jeff Harkey photos

IGA Grocery (1992)

Jeff Harkey photo

IGA Grocery (1992)

Jeff Harkey photo

IGA Grocery (1992)

News & Observer photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

  • February 22, 2007.
  • New town homes off 3500 Capital Boulevard.
  • Two-story units, about 1,428 square-feet each.
  • Reported 3:03 p.m. as brush fire.
  • Controlled about 6:00 p.m.
  • 150 city firefighters including off-duty personnel

and 29 recruits. Plus county firefighters.

  • 15 engines, 6 ladders, 2 rescues, plus others.
  • Five alarms.
  • 27 units destroyed, 11 units damaged.
  • 72 people displaced.
  • Damage over $4,050,000.

Lee Wilson & Mike Legeros Photos

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Lee Wilson photo

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Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Diagram from fire protection study presented to city of Raleigh, August 2007.

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Lee Wilson photos

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Lee Wilson and Mike Legeros photos

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Lee Wilson and Mike Legeros photos

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Lee Wilson and Mike Legeros photos

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

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Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Lee Wilson and Mike Legeros photos

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

News & Observer photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

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Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

Pine Knoll Townes (2007)

Mike Legeros photo

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About History History of History

1936 – WPA writers write six-page history. 1944 – Former Fire Chief Sherwood Brockwell write six-page historical sketch. 1951 – Ladies auxiliary forms, start scrapbooks. 1970 – Wake County historian Elizabeth Davis Reid writes five-page history for city fire protection report. 1984 – Capt. B. T. Fowler writes history for first yearbook. 2002 – Capt. Peter Brock writes history for second yearbook. 2007 – Historian and former firefighter Mike Legeros writes histories for third yearbook.

Surviving Artifacts

1870 alarm bell, at Raleigh Fire Museum. 1880s (or later) hand hose reel, in storage at Station 23. 1887 hose house on W. Morgan Street, private owned. 1905 steam fire engine, at Station 28. 1920s or later station gong, hanging at Keeter Training Center. 1926 American LaFrance pumper, at Station 28. 1926 fire station on Jefferson Street, private owned. 1950 Mack pumper, at Station 28. 1953 rescue boats, at Station 28. etc.

Surviving Records

1900s photographs, stored at Station 23. 1917 panoramic photograph, hanging on wall at Station 1. 1910s personnel record book, stored at Station 23. 1920s alarm system bid documents, off-site through City Clerk's

  • ffice.

1920s and later station log books, stored at Station 23. 1920s and later fire report books, stored at Station 23. 1920s and later photographs, stored at Station 23. etc.

Other Sources

Annual Reports, 1880s-1910s, City Auditor’s Office Annual Reports, 1950s-present, City Clerk’s Office City Directories, 1900-present, Local History Library City Minutes, 1890s-present, City Clerk’s Office / Local History Library News & Observer / Raleigh Times photos, 1938 to 1990s, State Archives Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, 1884-1914, 1950 State Archives photographic collections State Library Wake County Local History Library

Learn More

www.raleighfirehistory.org

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The End