Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Hole Mergers Inside of Stars - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Hole Mergers Inside of Stars - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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I NTRODUCTION G RAVITATIONAL W AVES N UMERICAL R ELATIVITY B INARY B LACK H OLES I N S TARS S UMMARY Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Hole Mergers Inside of Stars Joseph M. Fedrow C.D. Ott, U. Sperhake, R. Haas, J. Blackman, C. Reisswig,

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

Gravitational Waves from Binary Black Hole Mergers Inside of Stars

Joseph M. Fedrow C.D. Ott, U. Sperhake, R. Haas, J. Blackman, C. Reisswig, and A. De Felice August 3, 2017

Joseph M. Fedrow GWs from BBH Mergers Inside of Stars August 3, 2017 1 / 47

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

EINSTEIN IN VIETNAM

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY Joseph M. Fedrow GWs from BBH Mergers Inside of Stars August 3, 2017 3 / 47

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY Joseph M. Fedrow GWs from BBH Mergers Inside of Stars August 3, 2017 4 / 47

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY Joseph M. Fedrow GWs from BBH Mergers Inside of Stars August 3, 2017 6 / 47

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY Joseph M. Fedrow GWs from BBH Mergers Inside of Stars August 3, 2017 7 / 47

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

The era of gravitational wave astronomy has truly just started!

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

GW150914

Why was this observation so important?

◮ It is our first direct observation of gravitational waves. ◮ It is our first direct detection of black holes in the Universe. ◮ It has opened a new observational window on the

Universe. This was the first time humans observed the Universe through the lens of gravitational waves.

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

CONSTRUCTING THE WAVES

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

CHOOSING THE GAUGE

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

SYMMETRIES BECOME OBSERVABLES

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

DETECTING GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

DETECTING GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

DETECTING GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

DETECTION: SEPTEMBER 14, 2015!

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

DETECTION: SEPTEMBER 14, 2015!

The detection relied upon matched filtering of gravitational waveforms from numerical relativity simulations

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

NUMERICAL RELATIVITY

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

THE ADM EQUATIONS

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

ALTERNATIVE FORMULATIONS OF ADM

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

EINSTEINTOOLKIT.ORG!

◮ A collection of open-source software components for

simulating extreme general-relativistic systems.

◮ Roughly 110 users worldwide, spread across over 50

groups, with about 10 active maintainers.

◮ Built upon the Cactus framework and you choose which

’thorns’ you need to achieve the science goals you are after. arXiv:1305.5299 arXiv:1111.3344

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

EINSTEINTOOLKIT.ORG

Once you have the Einstein Toolkit configured for your simulation, you can relax on the beach while the supercomputers do all the hard work!

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

THE MRI2 (ZWICKY) CLUSTER AT CALTECH

Specially configured for simulating black holes and other extreme spacetimes

◮ 2244 Intel X5650 compute cores plus 320 Intel E5-2670 cores ◮ Uses the Torque batch system for processing jobs

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

STAMPEDE AT UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

STAMPEDE AT UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS

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STAMPEDE AT UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS

◮ ∼10 Petaflops (∼10 quadrillion calculations per second) ◮ 6400 Dell C8220 compute nodes ◮ Each node has two Intel E5 8-core processors ◮ Uses the SLURM batch system for processing jobs

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

DETECTION: SEPTEMBER 14, 2015!

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

GW150914 EM COUNTERPART?

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

BINARY BLACK HOLE SIMULATIONS WITH GAS

Investigate the feasibility of Loeb arXiv:1602.04735: Electromagnetic Counterparts to Black Hole Mergers Detected by LIGO Motivation

◮ Set up a BBH simulation in vacuum ◮ Extract the waveform ◮ Re-run the simulation with stellar environment level gas ◮ Extract the new waveform ◮ Compare the two

What effect, if any, would the presence of accreting matter have on the GW strain we measure?

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

IN VACUUM

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ORBITAL TRAJECTORY

−5 5 x/M −5 5 y/M

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COORDINATE SEPARATION

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Time [s]

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Coordinate Separation [108 cm] Vacuum

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GRAVITATIONAL WAVE STRAIN:

Scaled to 60 M⊙

−0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0.0

Time [s]

−0.5 0.0 0.5

h22

+ [10−21]

Vacuum

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GRAVITATIONAL WAVE FREQUENCY:

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Time [s]

50 100 150 200 250 300

Instantaneous Frequency [Hz]

26 Hz 294 Hz

60M⊙ BBH Merger at 0.49 s

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS:

◮ Add gas to simulation using GR hydrodynamics

◮ Use stellar densities common to massive stars ◮ Invoke a density tapering function ◮ Resolve the Hamiltonian constraint ◮ Check numerical convergence for each case

◮ Compare the vacuum and gas cases looking for

differences

◮ Calculate the mismatch between waveforms ◮ Check if these differences would be detectable by

current and upcoming GW detectors!

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

COORDINATE SEPARATION WITHIN THE STAR:

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Time [s]

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Coordinate Separation [108 cm]

Vacuum ρ = 104 g cm−3 ρ = 105 g cm−3 ρ = 106 g cm−3 ρ = 107 g cm−3

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

RESULTS:

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

CALCULATING THE MISMATCH

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RESULTS:

Scaled to 60 M⊙

−0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0.0

Time [s]

−0.5 0.0 0.5

h22

+ [10−21]

Mismatch = 0.0073 Vacuum ρ = 1.72 x 104 g cm−3

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RESULTS:

Scaled to 60 M⊙

−0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0.0

Time [s]

−0.5 0.0 0.5

h22

+ [10−21]

Mismatch = 0.0960 Vacuum ρ = 1.72 x 105 g cm−3

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

RESULTS:

Scaled to 60 M⊙

−0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0.0

Time [s]

−0.5 0.0 0.5

h22

+ [10−21]

Mismatch = 0.3085 Vacuum ρ = 1.72 x 106 g cm−3

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INTRODUCTION GRAVITATIONAL WAVES NUMERICAL RELATIVITY BINARY BLACK HOLES IN STARS SUMMARY

RESULTS:

Scaled to 60 M⊙

−0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0.0

Time [s]

−0.5 0.0 0.5

h22

+ [10−21]

Mismatch = 0.4234 Vacuum ρ = 1.72 x 107 g cm−3

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CONCLUSION:

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THANK YOU!

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