GP1a Testing of fresh properties and setting Ivan Gabrijel GP1a - - PDF document

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Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 GP1a Testing of fresh properties and setting Ivan Gabrijel GP1a Testing of fresh properties and setting PARTICIPANTS ADVANCED TECHNIQUES Heat of hydration Heat of hydration LAB ID Ultrasonic

SLIDE 1

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 1

GP1a – Testing of fresh properties and setting

Ivan Gabrijel

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 2

GP1a Testing of fresh properties and setting

LAB ID PARTICIPANTS ADVANCED TECHNIQUES INSTITUTION COUNTRY Heat of hydration Isothermal calorimetry Heat of hydration Semi adiabatic or heat flow calorimetry Ultrasonic technique Rheology measurements 1 Graz University of Tech, Institute of technology and testing of building materials Austria 1 2 Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Mechanics of Mat and Struct. Austria 1 3 Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI) Belgium 1 1 5 ULB Brussels Belgium 1 1 1 6 University of Vrije (VUB), MeMC Belgium 1 7 Ghent University, Department of Structural Engineering Belgium 1 9 IGH Institute Zagreb Croatia 1 11 IGH Institute Split Croatia 1 12 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering Croatia 1 1 14 GeM - Ecole Centrale de Nantes France 1 1 15 Nantes University, GeM Institute France 1 1 1 17 Lafarge France 1 19 OTH Regensburg Germany 1 20 TU Braunschweig iBMB/MPA Germany 1 1 21 TU Dresden Germany 1 22 Queen's University, Energy Efficient Materials&Technology cluster UK 1 1 23 Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Civil Engineering Greece 1 26 University of Malta, Faculty of Build Environment Malta 1 27 NTNU, Department of structural engineering Norway 1 28 Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering Poland 1 1 1 31 University of Minho, Laboratory of Structures Portugal 1 35 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering Slovenia 1 36 Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute Slovenia 1 1 37 Igmat Building Materials Institute Slovenia 1 1 40 ITEFI Institute (CSIC), G-CARMA Spain 1 42 Signal Processing Applications Group (GAPS) from the UPM Spain 1 45 Kiev (Kyiv) National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Ukraine 1

No results Testing in progress Testing completed

30% accomplishment rate --- > 85% expected accomplishment rate

SLIDE 2

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 2

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 3

OC – Rise angle and penetration resistance

10 20 30 40 50 60 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 Penetration resistance (MPa) Rise angle (rad) Age (h) Rise angle-Chan.7 Rise angle-Chan.8 Setting-S1 Setting-S2 Setting-S3 COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 4

OC and MOC - rise angle and penetration resistance

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Penetration resistance (MPa) Rise angle (rad) Maturity (°Cxh) Rise angle-Chan.7 Rise angle-Chan.8 Setting-S1 Setting-S2 Setting-S3 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Penetration resistance (MPa) Rise angle (rad) Maturity (°C×h) Rise angle-Chan.7 Rise angle-Chan.8 Setting-S1 Setting-S2 Setting-S3

MOC

SLIDE 3

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 3

Laboratory SILESIAN IMS IGH-SPLIT Initial setting 15:10-15:40 22:18 22:35 Final setting 17:30 24:42 22:55

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 5

MCP – setting time (EN 196-3) OM – setting time (Vicat)

Laboratory SILESIAN Initial setting 12:39 9:37 10:09 Final setting 14:51 16:05 16:52

Penetration resistance test on OC and MOC mixture

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 6

UNIZG (ASTM 403) GeM-ECN (Vicat) OC MOC OC MOC Initial setting (h) 8,6 ± 0,4 13,8 ± 0,1 9,2 - 9,6 12 – 13,6 Final setting (h) 10,2 ± 0,4 15,6 ± 0,3 ASTM C 403

SLIDE 4

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 4

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 7

OC (ordinary concrete) – Q(t)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 25 50 75 100 125 150 Q (J/g) Age (h) UNIZG iBMB-1-AD iBMB-2-AD iBMB-3 iBMB-4 iBMB-5 GeM-ECN-1 GeM-ECN-2

SCC compositions (proposed by Jacek Gołaszewski)

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 8

Material Amount [kg/m3] Ordinary Concrete SCC without gravel 8-16 mm Modified Ordinary Concrete SCC SCC-OC-2 SCC-MOC-1 Cement CEM I 52,5 R 409 451 Sand 1060 800 Gravel 4-11 mm 568 437 Gravel 8-16 mm 538 Water 218 183,5 weff/c 0,52 0,40 Superplasticizer SIKAPLAST Techno 80 4,74 5,28 Properties Flow diameter [mm] EN 12350-8 645 715 Flow time T500 [s] EN 12350-8 1,8 2,2 Density [kg/m3] 2,28 2,35 Air content [%] EN 12350-7 2,5 1,3

SLIDE 5

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 5

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 9

SCC-OC2

GP1b Microstructure

Shiju Joseph KU Leuven, Belgium

SLIDE 6

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 6

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 11

GP1b Microstructure

No results Testing in progress Testing completed

LAB ID PARTICIPANTS ADVANCED TECHNIQUES INSTITUTION COUNTRY Thermogravi metric analysis (TGA) Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) SEM image analysis Qualitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) 4 KU leuven Belgium 1 1 43 TU Delft, Microlab Netherlands 1 1 1 1 36 Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute Slovenia 1 1 1 1 15 Nantes University, GeM Institute France 1 1 1 1 Graz University of Technology Austria 1 20 TU Braunschweig iBMB/MPA Germany 1 24 Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary 1 1 1 1 31 University of Minho, Laboratory of Structures Portugal 1 41 Univesitat Politechnica Madrid, Construction and Building Materials Spain 1 1 14 GeM - Ecole Centrale de Nantes France 1 26 University of Malta, Faculty of Build Environment Malta 1 1

10% accomplishment rate --- > 20% expected accomplishment rate

Characterization – Loss on ignition

 Results from KU Leuven  N2 atmosphere

50-60mL/min

 Heating rate 10K/min  25-45mg sample  20-1000 ºC

0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005

0.005 0.01 500 1000

DTG (wt%/K) Temperature

DTG

SLIDE 7

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 7

Hydration - DTG

0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02

0.02 200 400 600 800 1000 DTG (wt %/K) Temperature OPC 1d 3d 7d 28d

Hydration - TGA

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 200 400 600 800 1000

Mass %

Temperature

OPC 1 day 3 days 7 days 28 days

SLIDE 8

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 8

Hydration Products - QXRD

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Amorphous (incl. C-S-H) AFm AFt Portlandite Gypsum Anhydrite Periclase Quartz Mayenite Calcite C4AF-Brownmillerite C3A β-C2S C3S

1 day 3 days 7 days 28 days Unhydrated

GP1c - Transport

Data Analysis & Future plans

SLIDE 9

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 9

ID PARTICIPANTS ADVANCED TECHNIQUES INSTITUTION C Capillary Absorption Water Permeab Gas Permeab Chloride diffusivity Chloride migration Electrical resistivity Electrical conductivity Density, absorption and porosity ASTM C 642 1 Graz University of Technology Austria 1 1 1 3 Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI) Belgium 1 1 7 Ghent University, Department of Structural Engineering Belgium 1 1 1 1 9 IGH Institute Zagreb Croatia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 IGH Institute Split Croatia 1 1 1 1 12 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering Croatia 1 1 14 GeM - Ecole Centrale de Nantes France 1 15 Nantes University, GeM Institute France 1 1 1 1 17 Lafarge France 1 1 18 University of La Rochelle, LaSIE France 1 1 22 Queen's University UK 1 1 23 Democritus University of Thrace Greece 1 1 1 1 24 Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary 1 1 1 1 1 26 University of Malta, Faculty of Build Environment Malta 1 1 1 1 1 1 29 ISEL, High Institute of Engineering, Lisbon Portugal 1 1 1 30 LNEC Portugal 1 1 1 1 32 Teixeira Duarte, Engenharia e Construcoes Portugal 1 1 1 1 34 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Science Serbia 1 1 1 36 ZAG Slovenia 1 1 1 1 1 37 Igmat Building Materials Institute Slovenia 1 41 Univesitat Politechnica Madrid Spain 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 44 Yeditepe University, Department of Covol Engineering Turkey 1 1 1 1

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 17

GP1c Permeability

No results Testing in progress Testing completed

18% accomplishment rate --- > 60% expected accomplishment rate

MANDATORY TESTS Surface Electrical Resistivity Ohm-m Capillary Absorpti

EN13057 (kg/m2√ s) ASTM C1585 Sorptivity mm/√ s Water penetration EN12390 mm Water Permeab ility Gas Permeability

RILEM m2

Gas Permeabilit y - Torrent Chloride diffusivit y Chloride migration NT Build 492 Electrical resistivity

hm-m

Electrical conducti vity Colorimetri c method Porosity ASTM C 642 1 0.8906 1.86E-17 1 1 1.64E-11 83.24 66

2.12E-17

3E-19 1.706E-11 0.2452 2.25E-11 55.18 1 1

0.0053 26.2

1 1 to right

12.6 OC Mix

ADVANCED TECHNIQUES MANDATORY TESTS CONTACT PERSON Surface Electrical Resistivity Ohm-m Capillary Absorpti

EN13057 (kg/m2√s) ASTM C1585 Sorptivity mm/√ s Water penetration EN12390 mm Water Permeab ility Gas Permeability

RILEM

Gas Permeabilit y Chloride diffusivit y Chloride migration Electrical resistivity Electrical conducti vity Colorimetri c method Density, absorption and porosity ASTM C 642 1

1 8.23E-12 104.88 1 1 0.1497 1.39E-11 66.62 1 1 0.0053 20.2 1 1 to right 9.8 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

MOC OC Red text – reported data 1 – expecting results 0 – no results expected

SLIDE 10

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 10

Benchmarking against literature

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 5 10 15 20 Bulk resistivity ρ bulk (ohm.m) Non-steady state migration coefficient Dnssm (x 10-12 m2/s)

pc 0.35
pc 0.42
pc 0.45
pc 0.50

fa 0.42 fa 0.45 ms 0.40 ms 0.42 ggbs 0.42 ggbs 0.45 OC MOC y =713x-0.75 R2 = 0.85 (excluding outlier)

utlier

Mechanical properties and creep - progress on experiments within GP1d

Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov – University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

SLIDE 11

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 11

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 21 | XX

Laboratories involved in the GP1d testing

28 laboratories

Mechanical properties and creep – main phase progress for GP1d

COUNTRY CONTACT PERSON EMAIL Compressive strength Tensile strength - indirect Tensile strength - direct Young's modulus Poisson’s ratio Stress- strain curve Dynamic characterization

f isotropic

elastic stiffness Indentation modulus Non-ageing creep functions Ageing creep function Contact creep Indentation hardness Isothermal calorimetry

f binder

Microstructural characterization (e.g. quantitative XRD, NMR, …), Stress stain diagram until failure load ramp until failure Austria Joachim Juhart joachim.juhart@tugraz.at 1 1 1 1 Austria Bernhard Pichler Bernhard.Pichler@tuwien.ac.at 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Belgium Benoit Permantier benoit.parmentier@bbri.be 1 1 1 1 Belgium Stephanie Staquet sstaquet@ulb.ac.be 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Belgium D.G.Aggelis daggelis@vub.ac.be 1 Croatia Dalibor Sekulić dalibor.sekulic@igh.hr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Croatia Ivana Miličević ivana.milicevic@gfos.hr 1 1 1 Croatia Elica Marušić elica-marusic@igh.hr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Croatia Ivan Gabrijel gabrijel@grad.hr 1 Czech Republic Radoslav Sovjak sovjak@fsv.cvut.cz 1 1 1 1 1 1 France Emmanuel Roziere emmanuel.roziere@ec-nantes.fr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 France Stephanie Bonnet Stephanie.bonnet@univ-nantes.fr 1 1 1 1 1 1 France Florent Baby florent.baby@ifsttar.fr 1 1 1 1 France Arnauld Delaplace arnaud.delaplace@lafarge.com 1 1 1 1 Germany Wibke Hermerschmidt w.hermerschmidt@ibmb.tu-bs.de 1 1 Greece Souzana Tastani stastani@civil.duth.gr 1 1 1 1 1 Hungary Katalin Kopecsko katalin@eik.bme.hu 1 1 1 1 1 Norway Anja Klausen anja.klausen@ntnu.no 1 1 1 Portugal Carla Maria Costa carlacosta@dec.isel.pt 1 1 Portugal Maria Sophia Sousa Ribeiro sribeiro@lnec.pt 1 1 1 Portugal Miguel Azenha miguel.azenha@civil.uminho.pt 1 1 Serbia Ksenija Janković ksenija.jankovic@institutims.rs 1 1 Serbia Vlastimir Radonjanin radonv@uns.ac.rs 1 1 1 Slovenia Violeta Bokan Bosiljkov violeta.bokan-bosiljkov@fgg.uni-lj.si 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Slovenia Aljoša Šajna aljosa.sajna@zag.si 1 1 1 1 Slovenia Gregor Trtnik grega.trtnik@igmat.eu 1 1 1 1 1 Spain Isabel Martinez-Lage isabel.martinez@udc.es 1 1 1 1 1 Spain Jaime C. Galvez Jaime.galvez@upm.es 1 1 1 1 PARTICIPANTS ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

LAB ID PARTICIPANTS ADVANCED TECHNIQUES INSTITUTION COUNTRY Compressive Tensile - indirect E-modulus 1 Graz University of Technology, Institute of technology and testing … Austria 1 1 1 2 Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures Austria 1 1 1 3 Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI) Belgium 1 1 1 5 ULB Brussels Belgium 1 1 9 IGH Institute Zagreb Croatia 1 1 10 Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek, Laboratory for Materials and Structures Croatia 1 1 1 11 IGH Institute Split Croatia 1 1 12 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering Croatia 1 13 Czech Technical University Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering Czech Rep 1 1 1 14 GeM - Ecole Centrale de Nantes France 1 1 15 Nantes University, GeM Institute France 1 1 16 IFSTTAR France 1 17 Lafarge France 1 23 Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Civil Engineering Greece 1 1 24 Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary 1 1 27 NTNU, Department of structural engineering Norway 1 1 direct 1 28 Silesian Poland 1 30 National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Department for Materials (LNEC) Portugal 1 1 31 University of Minho Portugal 1 1 33 Institute for Materials Testing Serbia 1 1 34 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Science Serbia 1 1 35 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering Slovenia 1 1 1 36 Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute Slovenia 1 1 37 Igmat Building Materials Institute Slovenia 1 1 38 University of Coruna, Laboratory Ingenieria de la Construccion Spain 1 1 41 Univesitat Politechnica Madrid, Construction and Building Materials Lab Spain 1 1 1

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 22

GP1d Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties and creep – main phase progress for GP1d

No results Testing in progress Testing completed

SLIDE 12

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 12

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 23 | XX

Non-standard methods ☑RRT+

Mechanical properties and creep – main phase progress for GP1d COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 24 | XX

Strength Properties - MCP, OM, MOM – UL vs TU Graz

Uniaxial compressive strength ☑RRT+

EN 12390-3

Mechanical properties and creep – main phase progress for GP1d

24h, 30h, 36h, 48h, 72h, 7d – comparison UL – TU Graz

SLIDE 13

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 13

TOWARDS THE NEXT GENERATION OF STANDARDS FOR SERVICE LIFE OF CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES Round Robin Test

n different properties of cement based materials

GP1E: VOLUME STABILITY Emmanuel.Roziere@ec-nantes.fr Belfast, 16 May 2017

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 26

GP1e Deformation

No results Testing in progress Testing completed

LAB ID PARTICIPANTS ADVANCED TECHNIQUES INSTITUTION COUNTRY Chemical shrinkage Volumetric measurement - isothermal conditions Early age (0- 24h) autogenous shrinkage Isothermal conditions Early age (0- 24h) plastic shrinkage Restrained shrinkage Dog- bone/TST M Drying shrinkage, weight loss Restrained shrinkage ring test Thermal dilation 3 Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI) Belgium 1 1 1 5 ULB Brussels Belgium 1 1 1 1 9 IGH Institute Zagreb Croatia 1 1 1 1 11 IGH Institute Split Croatia 1 1 1 12 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering Croatia 1 14 GeM - Ecole Centrale de Nantes France 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 Lafarge France 1 20 TU Braunschweig iBMB/MPA Germany 1 24 Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary 1 27 NTNU, Department of structural engineering Norway 1 1 28 Silesian University of Technology Poland 1 1 30 LNEC Portugal 1 1 31 University of Minho, Laboratory of Structures Portugal 1 36 Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute Slovenia 1 1 1 43 TU Delft, Microlab Netherlands 1 1 1 1

35% accomplishment rate --- > 70% expected accomplishment rate

SLIDE 14

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 14

Restrained shrinkage – Early-age

RRT+ main phase

 Results

20 40 60 80 100 120

0,20
0,15
0,10
0,05

0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 10 20 30 40 Deformation (µm/m) Stress (MPa) Age (days)

Test started before setting (6.7 h): Low autogenous shrinkage of hardening OC is

confirmed Autogenous deformation

Stress Lab#27 – OC – 20°C

Drying shrinkage

RRT+ main phase

 Results: How to compare different sets of data ?

S V NS 

(Hansen, 87).

NS



 2





ε∞ Ultimate shrinkage Ns Shrinkage halftime t Drying time V volume of specimen S area exposed to drying Assumption :

Ultimate shrinkage Shrinkage halftime

SLIDE 15

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 15

Drying shrinkage

RRT+ main phase

 Results: How to compare different sets of data ? Example : Lab#14, 70x70x280 mm specimens Lab#43, 100x100x400 mm specimens

100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 Total shrinkage (µm/m) t0.5/h0 (d0.5/m)

14 1-day 14 2-day 14 7-day 14 28-day 43 1-day 43 2-day 43 7-day 43 28-day

Shrinkage evolution does not depend on h0

COST TU1404 GP1.f

Progress report

Aljoša Šajna aljosa.sajna@zag.si Belfast, May 15th – 16th 2017 Meeting

SLIDE 16

Belfast meeting_Progress WG1 RRT+ May 2017 16

COST ACTION TU1404 SLIDE 31

GP1f Fracture

No results Testing in progress Testing completed

LAB ID PARTICIPANTS ADVANCED TECHNIQUES INSTITUTION COUNTRY Bending strength Three-point bending at constant deformation Fracture toughness, KI Three-point bending of notched beams at constant deformation (load-CMOD curve test) Fracture toughness, KI Acoustic emission Fracture energy Three-point bending test of notched beams at constant deformation Bending strength Four-point bending test with deflection control Fracture toughness index Τ100,2.0 Four-point bending test with deflection control Fracture toughness index Τ100,2.0 Acoustic emission 5 ULB Brussels Belgium 1 6 University of Vrije (VUB), MeMC Belgium 1 1 9 IGH Institute Zagreb Croatia 1 1 1 1 1 11 IGH Institute Split Croatia 1 13 Czech Technical University Prague, Czech Rep 1 1 1 1 1 14 GeM - Ecole Centrale de Nantes France 1 1 15 Nantes University, GeM Institute France 1 1 1 23 Democritus University of Thrace, Greece 1 1 1 1 36 ZAG Slovenia 1 1 1 41 Univesitat Politechnica Madrid Spain 1 1

10% accomplishment rate --- > 50% expected accomplishment rate

Gf test results [Nm/m2]

Lab Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 UPM.es 158 152 / ZAG.si 112 96 204