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Government surveillance Engineering & Public Policy Lorrie - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CyLab Government surveillance Engineering & Public Policy Lorrie Faith Cranor November 26, 2013 y & c S a e v c i u r P r i t e y l b L a a s b U o 8-533 / 8-733 / 19-608 / 95-818: b r a a t L o

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Government surveillance

Lorrie Faith Cranor

November 26, 2013 8-533 / 8-733 / 19-608 / 95-818: Privacy Policy, Law, and Technology

C y L a b U s a b l e P r i v a c y & S e c u r i t y L a b

  • r

a t

  • r

y H T T P : / / C U P S . C S . C M U . E D U

Engineering & Public Policy

CyLab

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Surveillance systems you should know about

  • Clipper chip
  • Echelon
  • TIA
  • Carnivore
  • CALEA
  • MATRIX
  • PRISM
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Clipper chip

  • 1993-1996
  • Chipset developed by NSA for encrypting telephone

conversations

  • Secret “Skipjack” algorithm developed by NSA used “key

escrow”

– Strength of encryption algorithm could not be publicly evaluated – Foreign countries would not want their keys escrowed by US gov

  • Serious vulnerability pointed out by Matt Blaze

– Relied on 16-bit hash that could be quickly brute-forced to substitute non-escrowed key, disabling the key escrow

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Echelon

  • Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) collection and analysis

networked operated by Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK, and US

  • Created for military/diplomatic Cold War monitoring, but

evolved to monitoring civilians

  • Intercepted phone calls, fax, email, etc.
  • Uses satellite interception, undersea cables, microwave

transmission

  • Has list of keywords that are searched for automatically in

intercepted messages

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Total Information Awareness

  • DARPA 2002-2003
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Carnivore

  • 1997-2005
  • FBI system to monitor electronic communication
  • Custom packet sniffer to monitor Internet traffic
  • Physically located at an ISP or other network
  • Required used of custom filters
  • Lots of secret details, requires trust that it is legal
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CALEA

  • Communications Assistance for Law

Enforcement Act

  • US wiretapping law passed in 1994
  • Required telecom carriers and

manufacturers to modify their equipment and facilities to allow law-enforcement surveillance

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PRISM

  • NSA surveillance program operated since 2007
  • Collects Internet communications, including

encrypted communications

  • Many technology companies are participants

including Microsoft, Yahoo!, Google, Facebook, YouTube, AOL, Skype, Apple

  • Publically revealed by Edward Snowden in 2013
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Discussion

  • Why do people care?
  • Why does this matter?
  • What can people do to protect themselves?
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C y L a b U s a b l e P r i v a c y & S e c u r i t y L a b

  • r

a t

  • r

y H T T P : / / C U P S . C S . C M U . E D U

Engineering & Public Policy

CyLab