Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) Intergovernmental - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Thorkild Aarup IOC/UNESCO E-mail: t.aarup@unesco.org 18 June 2013 REFMAR, Saint Mandé, France

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• Founded in 1 9 6 0
• 1 4 5 m ainly coastal m em ber states
• Functional autonom y w ithin UNESCO
• The General Assem bly m eets in odd years and the

Executive Council in even years The I ntergovernm ental Oceanographic Com m ission of UNESCO provides Mem ber States of the United Nations w ith an essential m echanism for global co-operation in the study of the ocean. The I OC assists governm ents to address their individual and collective ocean and coastal problem s through the sharing of know ledge, inform ation and technology and through the coordination of national program s

IOC

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• Focal point in UN for ocean
• bservations, ocean science,
• cean services and data

exchange

• Competent international
• rganization for marine science

(UNCLOS)

IOC Within UN

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Today the IOC is instrumental in:

• Monitoring the ocean through the Global Ocean Observing

System (GOOS)

• Developing tsunami warning systems in vulnerable regions
• Facilitating exchange of oceanographic data
• Linking and building capacities in marine sciences
• Coordinating the global assessment of the marine

environment

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO

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Some achievements over 50 years

• 1960: Ocean Data Exchange Programme
• 1965: Pacific Tsunami Warning System
• 1960s-1970s: International Corporative Field

Campaigns ) (Indian Ocean Expedition) (+250 cruises coordinated)

• 1971-80: Intl Decade of Ocean Exploration, TEMA,

GEBCO

• 1980s: IOC Regional Bodies launched
• 1987: GLOSS launched
• 1989: Global Ocean Observing System & WOCE
• 1997: ICAM programme launched
• 2001: Global Marine Assessment of the assessments
• 2005: Tsunami Intergovernmental Coordination

Groups

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Why Measure Sea Level ?

Maldiv aldives

(cur (curte tesesy Yann ann A Arthu thus Bertr trand and/Ear arth f h from Above/UNE UNESCO CO ) )

Time-Scales and Causes of Sea Level Change

• Seconds to minutes: waves, tsunamis
• Hours to days: tides and surges
• Seasonal: surface heating and freshwater input
• Interannual: ENSO, NAO
• Long term trends: climate variability and change,

vertical crustal movement (e.g. GIA)

(i) tidal and water level datums; (ii) relative sea level trends; (iii) port

• peration; (iv) hydrographic surveying and shoreline mapping; (v)

storm surge inundation, emergency evacuation, and Tsunami warning; (vi) habitat restoration, coastal resource management, coastal engineering; (vii) climate change, environmental monitoring; (viii) calibration and validation of ALT and GCM …..

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What is GLOSS?

• Established by IOC in mid-1980s to improve

quantity and quality of sea level data sent to PSMSL and other sea level centres.

• Original aim: Develop GLOSS Core Network of 300

sea level stations for practical and ocean/climate science applications. GLOSS Now: Additional strong operational dimension (Altimeter cal/val; GCM val; tsunami monitoring, ..)

• Global array of gauges spaced 500-1000 km apart.

Geographically balanced. Open ocean locations. Best technology.

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• 1. Delayed mode: QC’d mean sea levels to Permanent

Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL)

• 2. Delayed mode: QC’d higher-frequency data (e.g.

hourly) to GLOSS Data Centre (PSMSL, Univ of Hawaii Sea Level Centre)

• 3. Fast data: High frequency data to UHSLC

altimeter/model cal/val

• 4. Real time data: Flanders Marine Institute and

International Tsunami Warning Centers

• 5. GPS data to TIGA Centre at Potsdam (Germany) &

University of La Rochelle

What Data Streams Does GLOSS Generate?

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What does GLOSS provide?

• 1. Coordination mechanism for global sea level
• bservations (e.g. GLOSS Group of Experts)
• 2. Global data standards and archiving facilities, QC
• f data, historic data rescue
• 3. Technical manuals and training material
• 4. Technical advice and special workshops on

technical issues

• 5. Training courses on analysis and uses of sea level
• bservations
• 6. Limited provision of hardware (e.g. tide gauges,

GPS, transmitters)

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GLOSS Data Archaeology

• New GLOSS data archaeology survey carried

2011/2012 (Thank you to IHO & TWLWG & Steve Shipman who kindly helped distribute to its community). [http://www.psmsl.org/about_us/news/2012/data_rescue .php]

• Results from survey presented in Caldwell (2012) Tide

Gauge Data Rescue. In Proceedings of The Memory of the World in the Digital age: Digitization and Preservation, (UESCO Conference, 26-28 September 2012, Vancouver, Canada. (http://www.sonel.org/IMG/pdf/caldwell_2012unesco.pdf)

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(Courtesy S. Talke & D. Jay)

NUNINEAU software

Tide gauge Takoradi, Ghana

GLOSS Sea Level Training Course Oostende, 2006

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GLOSS Implementation Plan 2012

• Third GLOSS Implementation Plan published 2012 ()

The new plan calls for two significant upgrades to the GLOSS Core Network of stations motivated by scientific and operational requirements:

• all GCN stations are required to report data in near-real time
• Continuous GNSS measurement stations in the vicinity of the tide gauge

benchmark (TGBM) are required for all GCN stations. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/00 2178/217832e.pdf

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GLOSS Core Network Status Developments between 1999 and 2012

• Primary element of GLOSS is the

GLOSS Core Network (GCN) of approximately 300 sea level stations in nearly 90 countries.

• Respectable improvement in GLOSS

CN since 1999 and substantial increase in stations that provide data in near-real time - 201 stations in 2012 versus 72 stations in 1999

• in 2012 248 stations (86%) have

provided data recently to GLOSS Data Centers

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More information at: www.ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org

• Web-based global sea level station

monitoring service for viewing sea level data received in real time from different network operators through a number of different communications channels.

• Aims
• to provide information about the
• perational status of global and

regional networks of real time sea level stations;

• to provide a display service for

quick inspection of the raw data stream from individual stations.

• 711 real time stations are presently

tracked on the web-site.

• 120 national agencies or institutions

provide data to the web-site.

Sea Level Station Monitoring Web-service

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Examples of French contributions to GLOSS and IOC Programmes/Observation activities

• Extensive French SL network coordinated by SHOM of which 15 sea level

stations committed (globally) to GLOSS Core Network SHOM

• Upgrades of 25+ sea level stations to real time data delivery over past 5

years SHOM

• Provision of data to IOC Sea Level Station Monitoring Facility + Tsunami

Warning Centers (incl CENALT) SHOM

• ROSAME Sea Level network LEGOS
• Système d'Observation du Niveau des Eaux Littorales (SONEL) including

processing & inventoring of continuous GPS observations (Univ of La Rochelle) [GLOSS]

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• Sea Level Data Archaeology and Data Recue (Univ of La Rochelle

& SHOM)

• CNES co-funded Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3,

Altika, SWOT, satellite altimeter missions [GOOS]

• Small financial contribution towards GLOSS coordination and

training

• ~ 135 Argo Floats & CORIOLIS Project & MERCATOR LEGOS

[GOOS]

• IRD oceanographic activities (i.e. PIRATA project) [GOOS]
• French National Tsunami Warning System (CENALT) CEA

[NEAMTWS]

• Repeat cruise legs [GOOS, IOCCP]

French oceanographers have and do volunteer their time on many IOC committees …..

Examples of French contributions to GLOSS and IOC Programmes/Observation activities (cont)

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Thank you!

www.gloss-sealevel.org www.ioc-unesco.org