Global Biodiversity Outlook 4 (G (GBO-4) 4) Target 5 – Natural habitat loss reduced by half and to zero where possible “ By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced .” Low confidence in the evaluation due to the lack of data on ecosystems other than forests
Global Biodiversity Outlook 4 (G (GBO-4) 4) Target 15 – Ecosystem restoration and enhancement of resilience By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification. Low confidence given the lack of available data
Area� of� natural� forest� per� continent� between� 2000� and� 2015 (Source:� FAO� FRA� 2015) 1 Million�hectares 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Africa Asia Europe North� and� Oceania South� America Central� America 2000 2005 2010 2015
Glo lobal l Forest Change (Hansen, 2013)
FAO FRA Average annual rate of change in natural forest area per country between 2010 and 2015
FAO FRA Rate of natural forest loss – comparison between the 2005-2010 and 2010- 2015 periods
FAO FRA Rate of natural forest loss – comparison between the 2005-2010 and 2010-2015 periods
How do we we improve fr from here?
1. Assess progress in National reports 2. Assess outlook based on national Secretariat’s strategy to targets support implementation 3. Identify barriers to better national of T5 and 15 targets 4. Identify potential for synergies with relevant initiatives 5. Identify needs for the design of implementation measures
1. Assess progress in National reports 2. Assess outlook based on national targets 3. Identify barriers to better national targets 4. Identify potential for synergies with relevant initiatives 5. Identify needs for the design of implementation measures
What makes a target S.M.A.R.T ? 1. Assess progress in National reports National Target for AT5 Rate of abatement of ecosystem loss 2. Assess outlook • Specific Target year based on national Specification of baseline period targets • Measurable Prioritization of certain ecosystems 3. Identify barriers to National Target for AT15 • Achievable better national targets target for the conservation of carbon in • Realistic natural ecosystem 4. Identify potential target for the enhancement of carbon in for synergies with • Time-bound natural ecosystem relevant initiatives target area for restoration 5. Identify needs for target area for restoration includes the design of breakdown by ecosystem implementation Map of area targeted for restoration measures
Regional variation in in how SMART the targets are based on review of national reports and NBSAPs National Target for AT15 National Target for AT5 target for the conservation of carbon in natural ecosystem Rate of abatement of target for the enhancement of ecosystem loss carbon in natural ecosystem Target year target area for restoration Specification of baseline target area for restoration period includes breakdown by ecosystem Prioritization of certain Map of area targeted for ecosystems restoration
Specific Measurable and and Timebound T5 T5 Maldives By 2025 rate of loss of all natural habitats are identified and where rate of loss is high, the rate of loss is at least National Target for AT5 15 63% halved or where feasible, brought close to zero Rate of abatement of ecosystem loss 1 4% Nepal By 2020, the rate of forest loss and degradation will be reduced by at least Target year 13 54% 75 percent of the current rate. Specification of baseline period 5 21% Prioritization of certain ecosystems 9 38%
Specific Measurable and and Timebound T15 China National Target for AT15 14 58% By 2020, forest areas will be increased Target for the conservation of carbon in by 52,000 km2 over that in 2010, and 0 0% forest reserves net increased by 1.1 natural ecosystem billion km2 over that in 2010, and forest carbon sinks by 416 million Target for the enhancement of carbon tons. 0 0% in natural ecosystem By 2020, the total areas of control of Target area for restoration 9 38% degraded grasslands will exceed 1.65 million km2, with grassland habitats Target area for restoration includes obviously restored and grassland 0 0% productivity significantly enhanced. breakdown by ecosystem Indicators? Map of area targeted for restoration 0 0%
Specific Measurable and and Timebound T15 Myanmar By 2020, over 130,000 hectares of forest are National Target for AT15 14 58% under community management-FD Target for the conservation of carbon in management 0 0% natural ecosystem By 2020, participatory and integrated soil and Target for the enhancement of carbon water conservation initiatives will be 0 0% implemented in at least 30 critical sub- in natural ecosystem watersheds. Target area for restoration 9 38% By 2020, additional 5,000 ha of degraded Target area for restoration includes forest will be rehabilitated through pro-poor 0 0% breakdown by ecosystem leasehold forestry. Map of area targeted for restoration 0 0% By 2020, the loss and degradation of Siwalik forests will be reversed or at least controlled by making it a priority of the central and local governments (i.e. DDCs, VCs)
Example- from 55% to 60% forest cover Gross or net reduction of deforestation? (are targets 5 and 15 Scenario 1 fungible?) Mongolia Increase forest cover to 9% by 2025 Nat Nat forest forest through the improvement of forest management, and thereby protect forest biodiversity Restored China area “ By 2015, forest coverage rate will be Other Other increased to 21.66% and forest reserves land use land use Nat Nat will be increased by 600 million m3 over forest forest that in 2010” 2010 2020
Example- from 55% to 60% forest cover Gross or net reduction of deforestation? (are targets 5 and 15 Scenario 2 – is that as good for biodiversity? fungible?) Mongolia Increase forest cover to 9% by 2025 Nat Nat forest forest through the improvement of forest Restored management, and thereby protect area forest biodiversity China “ By 2015, forest coverage rate will be Other increased to 21.66% and forest reserves Restored land use Nat Converted area will be increased by 600 million m3 over forest area that in 2010” 2010 2020
1. Assess progress in Individual National reports country files 2. Assess outlook Input to 6th based on national targets national reports 3. Identify barriers to better national targets 4. Identify potential for synergies with Regional workshops relevant initiatives • LAC – Bogota, April 2016 5. Identify needs for • Asia – Bangkok, June the design of implementation 2016 measures • …
1. Assess progress in National reports 2. Assess outlook based on national INDCs targets REDD+ 3. Identify barriers to better national targets 4. Identify potential CRITERIA, for synergies with SAFEGUARDS, Land relevant initiatives METHODOLOGIES Neutral 5. Identify needs for the design of Degradation implementation measures
Tomada pero aun Medidas relacionadas al marco legal y su Implementada Implementada No tomada y se No 1. Assess progress in para clarificacion y aplicacion con exito pero con desafios requiere apoyo relevante implementarse National reports Marco legal y politica clara para el uso de la 18% 27% 27% 27% 0% tierra Actividades para aplicar leyes y reglamentos 36% 9% 45% 9% 0% Participacion y apoyo a comunidades indigenas 43% 0% 29% 29% 0% y locales, proprietarios de tierras 2. Assess outlook Reduccion del accesso a materias primas 20% 10% 70% 0% 0% extraidas illegalmente based on national Reforzamiento de la efectividad de las á reas 50% 10% 30% 10% 0% protegidas targets Medidas basadas en mecanismos economicos Incentivos para el sector privado y otros actores econ ó micos 30% 20% 20% 30% 0% Aumento sostenible en la productividad agr í cola 3. Identify barriers to y para la reducci ó n en la demanda de 9% 9% 0% 82% 0% Instrumentos de mercado tales como la banca better national de ecosistemas, pagos por servicios de 9% 18% 9% 64% 0% targets 4. Identify potential for synergies with relevant initiatives 5. Identify needs for the design of implementation measures
Thank you! catalina.santamaria@cbd.int blaise.bodin.consultant@cbd.int
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