GIS APPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT By Ammar, Hussain T. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

GIS APPLICATION IN

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

By Ammar, Hussain T. Civil Engineer

CONTENT

• Introduction
• Need for GIS
• Goal
• SWM Functional Elements

– Waste Storage – Waste Collection – Waste Disposal

• conclusion

INTRODUCTION

• SW generated from begin of humanity (natural)
• Urbanization, increase population, new technology

increase waste generation rate & types

• SWM integral part of public health and

environmental control

• Improper SWM leads to both economic &

environmental suffering

• Uncollected garbage leads to bad odor, growth and

spread of disease, reduce market value of the area.

• SW problems not only because of increase in

generation, but also improper management. One

• f the major management issue in SWM is data

management.

NEED FOR GIS

• factors related to solid waste management have a spatial

component as well as non-spatial data.

• data and records are often lie in isolated form, difficult to

assess system functionality and efficiency.

• Need to manage the data in an integrated form to reduce

complexity and to solve problems to various interrelated issues.

• because of layers property of GIS there is least chance of

confusion and error.

GOALS

• To demonstrate the aid of GIS in the field of SWM.

– As a decision support system – To solve SWM problems – To reduce workload – To save cost and time – To max. serviceability and profit generation

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SWM

• Waste Generation
• Waste storage, handling, separation, processing

at source

• Waste Collection &

Transfer/Transport, waste separation, processing, and transformation.

• Waste Disposal

WASTE STORAGE

• waste is stored in waste bins located in both sides
• f streets next to buildings.
• Direct impact on public health.
• Common problems:

– Garbage are not lifted in regular intervals – Waste bins are not cleaned in regular bases. – Improper waste bin allocation

• Open dumps sensitive area

CASE STUDY, INDIA

• Make sure that all residents have a waste bin close

to them (no open dumps)

• Relocation of waste bins located in sensitive areas,

e.g. close to hospital or river

• Allocation of recyclable waste bins, next to waste

bin

RELOCATION OF IMPROPER PLACED WASTE BINS

RECYCLE WASTE BINS ALLOCATION

WASTE COLLECTION

• Complex and difficult, has about 50-70% portion
• f the total cost for SWM
• Small change in collection practice, could results in

big saving

• Common problems:

– No routs planning/(optimization) – No scheduling of job, and documentation

WM, INC

• Provides collection service for 48 states, District of

Columbia, Canada, Puerto Rico.

• 26,000 collection vehicle
• 80 million tons of SW/year
• Serving 20 million customer
• Applies GIS in 2003, and uses Network Analyst

Extension + rout smart to optimize its routs and collection system

• Total routs =10
• Total hours = 9 x 10 = 90
• Avg. Yards/h = 57.06
• Total routs =9
• Total hours = 8 x 9 = 72
• Avg. Yards/h = 63.41
• in 2003, a net effect of 984 fewer routs ,

saving of $18,000,000

OTHER ADVANTAGES

• Optimize fuel efficiency
• Helping setouts by identifying their location on map
• With GPS –tracking of collection vehicle (offline)
• With routs shown in GIS marketing department can

easily target new customers in same routs

• Fewer track in the road, reduce noise and emission

WASTE DISPOSAL

• Residual waste after all possible processing and

transformation should be properly disposed

• Open dumps cause threat to environment
• Thus, waste should be disposed in managed landfill
• Landfilling is the process of waste disposing, it

starts with the problem of locating a landfill

CONSTRAINTS

• Should have a slope lower than 40% degree
• Should be kept more than 300m away from streams
• Must be more than 155m from developed area
• Must be kept more than 60m away from faults
• Should be kept more than 60m away from water body
• Must be kept more than 150m away from residence
• Must be kept more than 3000m away from Hospitals

GIS INTERFACE

• Developed by

Ottawa University

TWO DIFFERENT MODELS

BOOLEAN MODEL

INDEX OVERLAY MODEL

0.8 0.1

Conclusion

• GIS helps as a decision support system for sitting

a landfill and allocating waste and recycle bins.

• Also helps in rout planning and optimizing

collection system which reduce workload and save time as well as cost.

• Company crew could response in better time.

THANKS

Q & A