Geo-informatic Web-based Applications for Olive Oil Mills Wastes - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Geo-informatic Web-based Applications for Olive Oil Mills’ Wastes Disposal Areas Management

Angelos Chliaoutakis 1, Aris Kydonakis 1, Apostolos Sarris1 & Nikos Papadopoulos1 Maria K. Doula 2 & Victor A. Kavvadias2

1. Laboratory of Geophysical-Satellite Remote Sensing, Institute for Mediterranean Studies, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.)

• Nik. Foka 130, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece,

email: angelos@ims.forth.gr 2. Soil Science Institute of Athens, Greek Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA

• Sof. Venizelou str 1, 14123 Likovrisi, Greece,

email: mdoula@otenet.gr

Motivation

The Mediterranean region accounts for no less than 97% of the world's olive oil production due to the favorable climatic conditions. The production procedure of olive oil generates large volumes of OOMW which lead to pollution of soil and water resources and therefore environmental degradation. The OOMW are usually disposed in evaporation ponds which are rarely of proper size and wastewaters often overflow affecting neighboring systems (soil, surface and groundwater) and other professional activities of the residents (agriculture, livestock farming). The above issues are addressed by LIFE+ project "PROSODOL”

Objectives

Develop and implement two major geospatial web-based application tools aiming to the effective monitoring of soil quality and management of wastes disposal areas. Interpolation surfaces of the distribution of different chemical parameters which reflect the wastes’ disposal activity in wider areas of interest. Evaluating the location suitability or risk assessment of the OOMW disposal areas by applying multicriteria problem solving techniques on anthropogenic, environmental and geological features in the vicinity of OOMW disposal sites.

Surface Analysis & Interpolation Methods

Overview

Soil samples were chemically analyzed to indicate the most significant chemical parameters that could most suitable describe soil degradation due to OOMW disposal. Chemical parameters were used to create surface images that represent the possible diffusion of them and the degree of risk in the vicinity of the waste disposal areas. Study the temporal variations of their spatial distribution and the diffusion of them in the subsurface. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)

Note: In order to have valid interpolated surfaces, the creation of surfaces was allowed only when more than 4 known values (sample points) were available for interpolation. In cases where the measured values were less than 4 no results were produced.

Surface Analysis & Interpolation Methods

Design & Implementation

Surface Analysis & Interpolation Methods

Web-based application

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Data analysis and scenarios

Suitability / Risk assessment modeling Classification of input criteria data into a common preference scale. Each of the criteria in risk assessment analysis may not be equal in importance. One may weigh the important criteria more than the rest. Thirteen criteria were gathered and selected for the area of interest.

• anthropocentric (3)
• environmental (7)
• geological (3)

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Data analysis - Anthropocentric criteria

Residential area

Depending on the population for each residential place (village or city)

Road network

Two criteria take place in this sub-model, the main and secondary roads of the area of interest

if , 3000 distance if , 1000 distance       population population population a

Distance (Main) ≤ 200m 200-500m ≥ 500m Distance (Secondary) ≤ 100m 100-300m ≥ 300m Suitability 5 10

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Data analysis - Environmental criteria

Slope

Reclassification depending on slope degree

Archaeological sites, Lakes, Rivers, Natura 2000 and Coastline area Land Use and Corine area

Slope ≤ 7° 7-10° 10-15° 15-20° ≥ 20° Suitability 10 8 6 3 Distance ≥ 1000m 500-1000m ≤ 500m Suitability 10 5 Feature natural grasslands, pastures, moors, bare rocks

• live groves,

sparsely vegetated areas sclerophyllous vegetation vineyards, non irrigated arable land areas

• ther

Suitability 10 8 5 2

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Data analysis - Geological criteria

Hydrolithology

Depending on the hydro-lithological formations

Geology

Depending on the geological formations

Faults

Formations practically impermeable formations of low to very low permeability karstic formations

• f moderate to low

permeability plaster formations karstic formations

• f high to moderate

permeability mainly alluvial deposit Suitability 8 7 6 3 2 Formations marls & recent littoral deposits with sand limestone gneiss & flysch Suitability 10 9 8 Distance ≥ 1000m 500-1000m 200-500m ≤ 200m Suitability 10 5 2

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Multi-Criteria Problem Solving Approaches

Weighted Sum Model (WSM)

Simplest multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) / multi-criteria decision making method

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions

• theory of measurement through pairwise comparisons
• use of a priority scale that represents how much more one element dominates another with

respect to a given attribute.

m i

n j ij j score WSM i

a w A

,..., 3 , 2 , 1 for

,

1





 



Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Scenarios

WSM AHP 4 Criteria Anthropocentric Environmental Geological Anthropocentric / Environmental / Geological Scenario 1 100% A > E E > G G < A Scenario 2 100% A > E E < G G < A Scenario 3 100% A < E E > G G < A Scenario 4 100% 100% 100% A < E E > G G > A Scenario 5 50% 25% 25% A > E E < G G > A Scenario 6 25% 50% 25% A < E E < G G > A Scenario 7 100% 1 100% 2 100% 3 A > E E > G G > A 1. Residential area criterion 70%, and 30% for the road network criteria 2. Full importance given to slope, aquifers and coastline, and medium importance on the rest 3. Hydrolithology sub-criterion importance 80% and the rest sub-criteria 20% 4. Scenarios 1-2 are mainly anthropocentric, scenarios 3-4 are mainly environmental, scenarios 5-6 are mainly geological, while scenario 7 is of equal importance

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Scenarios – Result maps

WSM AHP Scenario 1 Scenario 3 Scenario 6 Scenario 7 Suitability scale

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Web-based application

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Evaluation Results

Scenario1 Scenario2 Scenario3 Scenario4 Scenario5 Scenario6 Scenario7 WSM 21% 100% 100% 92% 71% 98% 73% AHP 22% 97% 95% 97% 85% 87% 73%

Importance in anthropocentric and further environmental criteria  decline in suitability (scenario 5 and 6) Suitability falls up to 21% if only the anthropogenic parameters are taken into account (scenario 1) Anthropogenic factor was not taken into account when the existing OOMW disposal area locations were established.

Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas

Conclusions & Future work

Risk assessment statistical results are only for scenarios presented, while different results may emerge from alternative scenarios Monitoring the distribution of different chemical parameters (in terms of depth and time) that represent the possible diffusion of them and the degree of risk in the vicinity of the waste disposal areas Provide substantial information for the development of OOMW disposal areas and production facilities in a suitable location in respect with various anthropogenic, environmental and geological factors Future web-based application systems shall be featured with dynamic instead of static interaction with users

Thank you