Genetic features of volcanic glasses of different composition - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Dec 09, 2022 272 likes •458 views

Genetic features of volcanic glasses of different composition Vladislav Petrov vlad243@mail.ru Joint ICTP-IAEA International School on Nuclear Waste Vitrification Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Trieste, Italy

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Genetic features of volcanic glasses of different composition

Vladislav Petrov

vlad243@mail.ru

Joint ICTP-IAEA International School on Nuclear Waste Vitrification Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Trieste, Italy 23 - 27 September 2019

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VOLCANISM - volcanic eruption and magma

utflow on the Earth’s

surface Products of volcanism:

► Lava ► Volcanic gases ► Ash ► Volcanic bombs ► Pyroclastic masses

Crater Volcanic rocks Adventive crater Hole Geyser Volcanic camera Subsurface water Thermal spring

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Negative aspects of volcanism

Tolbachic volcano, 2013 Tolbachic volcano, 2015

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Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) VEI is based on the volume of erupted products (tephra) and the height

f the column of ash. Proposed by C.A. Newhall and S. Self (1982) to assess

the impact of eruptions on the earth's atmosphere.

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Volcanic Explosivity Index and Explosion Types

Hawaiian Strombolian Vesuvian Plinian

Hawaiian – calm outflow of lava Vesuvian (vulcanic) – explosive eruption Plinian – powerful eplosive eruption of lava with huge volume

f ash

Peleian – obelisk of viscous lava in the crater

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87Sr/86Sr value of 0.706 is interpreted as border between continental (east) and oceanic

(west) lithosphere. YSRP - Yellowstone-Snake River Plain system of volcanoes of acidic composition. Vmean ~ 4.5 cm/year during 15 Ma (Smith et al., 2009)

www.nasa.org

Santorini

www.liveinternet.ru

Yellowstone

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Morphology of Volcanoes

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Products of eruption:

Solid (Tephra), Liquid (Lava), Gaseous The solid products of eruption: Volcanic bombs Lapillies Volcanic ash

Kariak volcano (view from Avacha volcano) Apocalypse in Mexico: www.pixanews.com

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The gaseous products of eruption:

Water vapor
Sulfur dioxide gas
Carbon dioxide gas

Fumarole - volcanic gas outlet to the earth's surface:

a. Solfatara = fumarole with sulfur dioxide gas
b. Mofeta = fumarole with carbon dioxide gas

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Liquid products of eruption:

Pahoehoe molten lava Pillow molten lava in water Aa viscous lava 50 сm

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1_2013_Tolbachik_05-49.mp4 2_2013_Lava and Snow_07-13.mp4 3_2011-2013_TimelapseCamera_05-19.mp4 4_2012-13_Tolbackic_Chaplygin Ilya_11-56.mp4 5_TVC_21-50.mp4

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GLASS

Dale Chihuly

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