General Fusion Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sep 16, 2022 245 likes •474 views

General Fusion Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 1 A Middle Ground? Plasma Energy Driver Power 1.00E+11 1.00E+15 NIF ITER $6B $20B GJ $ Cost of Confinement TW $ Cost of Driver 1.00E+08 1.00E+12 MJ

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 1

General Fusion

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 2

MTF

1.00E+02 1.00E+05 1.00E+08 1.00E+11 1.00E+06 1.00E+09 1.00E+12 1.00E+15 1.00E+13 1.00E+16 1.00E+19 1.00E+22 1.00E+25

Driver Power Plasma Energy

kJ MJ GJ MW GW TW $ Cost of Confinement $ Cost of Driver

ITER $20B NIF $6B

Plasma Density (cm-3)

A Middle Ground?

Magnetically Confined Plasma at Extremely High Magnetic Fields

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 3

1. Form a compact torus

f plasma

2. Confine in conductive chamber 3. Compress and heat to fusion conditions 4. Repeat (pulsed system)

Magnetized Target Fusion

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 4

LINUS – Naval Research Laboratory, 1976

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 5

General Fusion’s Acoustically Driven MTF

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 6

Compressed gas driver

Uses power plant working

fluid

Baseline steam, could be

CO2 or Helium

Low cost for high energy:

<$0.2/J compared to >$2/J for pulsed power

Practical

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 7

Thick Lead-Lithium blanket

300 °C inlet temperature
550 °C outlet temperature
2 m3/s flow rate
2 MeV+ neutron flux to

structure is 5 orders of magnitude lower than ITER

4π coverage, n,2n Pb

reaction provides tritium breeding ratio of 1.5

Practical

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 8

Plasma target

Liquid wall cannot be

destroyed

Target is plasma only
Provides a pulsed

system with no consumables

Practical

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 9

Research and Development Plan

Subsystem Development Research and Validation Proof of Principle

VC, Strategic, Government, HNW

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Angels, Seed Capital

Technology Development Phases Financing Phases

Phase 1 Phase 2

Full Scale Prototype

Commercialization

Progress to Date

Full Scale Plasma Injector Full Scale Pistons Pb Vortex and 14 Piston Sphere Matching Simulations Plasma Compression Tests

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 10

Plasma Injector Simulation

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 11

Scale comparison of previously constructed CT accelerators With GF’s plasma injector design

LLNL 1998 NRL 1993 LLNL 1997 TdeV 1993 UC Davis 1998

Plasma Injector Heritage

CTX

LANL 1990

(PROPOSED)

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 12

Largest Plasma Injectors ever built Record spheromak plasma energy (~100 kJ) Plasma temperatures over 200 eV (>2.3M °C) Density of 1016 cm-3

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 13

Plasma Formation

Magnetic Field (T) Time (µs)

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 14

Plasma Formation

20 40 60 80 100 120 Temperature (eV)

Thomson Scattering Temperature vs. Time after Formation

Magnetic Field (T) Time (µs)

2013 2011

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 15

Plasma Acceleration

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 16

1m sphere with 14 full size drivers 15 ton molten Pb storage 100 kg/s pumping Vortex formation and collapse Piston impact velocity (50 m/s) and timing control (±10 µs) achieved

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 17

Acoustic Driver Milestones Met 

10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 m/s

Piston Impact Velocity

HP1 HP3 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 μs

Piston Impact Timing Control (5 sequential shots)

HP1 HP3

Performance Requirement Performance Requirement

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 18

1.00E+06 1.00E+09 1.00E+12 1.00E+15 1.00E+13 1.00E+16 1.00E+19 1.00E+22 1.00E+25 1.00E+02 1.00E+05 1.00E+08 1.00E+11

Driver Power Plasma Energy

kJ MJ GJ MW GW TW $ Cost of Confinement $ Cost of Driver

ITER $20B NIF $6B GF $150M

Plasma Density (cm-3)

Fusion Technologies

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 19

Baseline 100 MWe power plant

– 100 MWe modular plant is easier to fund – Flexible with existing transmission infrastructure

Capital cost of plant: ~$1,900/kW
Generation cost: ~$0.03/kWh

– Fuel only $0.00001/kWh – Uses deuterium (18 kg/yr) & lithium (60 kg/yr)

Levelized cost: ~$0.07/kWh
Balance of plant similar to coal

generation

Reactors can be combined for larger
utput
Variable output suitable for load following

Economics

Convert to Electricity (33% efficient) 100 MW Output Convert to Mechanical Energy (33% efficient)

Energy Cycle

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 20

1. It can work
2. It can be tested quickly, at full scale, for

reasonable $

3. It’s a practical route to a power plant
4. Its commercial system size and economics are

attractive

Magnetized Target Fusion

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Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 21

Clean energy. Everywhere. Forever.

Michael Delage

VP Strategy and Corporate Development michael.delage@generalfusion.com 604-439-3003