Future Profitability Brad Walmsley Anim imal l Genetic ics and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

BreedObject: Breeding for Future Profitability Brad Walmsley Anim imal l Genetic ics and Br Breedin ing Unit it, Univ iversit ity of f New Engla land, Arm rmid idale le

In Introduction • BreedObject • Selection Indexing system for BREEDPLAN • BREEDPLAN • Multi-trait BLUP evaluation

In Introduction • BreedObject • Selection Indexing system for BREEDPLAN • BREEDPLAN • Multi-trait BLUP evaluation • Large impact on profit (index) • $1.79 / cow / year (1999-2004) • ~$5.00 in leading herds Banks 2005 Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture

In Introduction Best herds over $5.00 / cow / yr • BreedObject Value of Genetic Improvement - South 80 • Selection Indexing system for Profitability Trend ($/cow/yr) ~$4.00 / cow / yr 70 BREEDPLAN 60 50 • BREEDPLAN 40 • Multi-trait BLUP evaluation ~$2.83 / cow / yr 30 20 • Large impact on profit (index) 10 • $1.79 / cow / year (1999-2004) 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 • ~$5.00 in leading herds Year of Birth • Banks 2015 Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics

In Introduction • Change is constant • Markets & production systems evolve • Genetic change • Priorities move • New traits important • Etc …. Always room for improvement

Objectives • Brief BreedObject History • BreedObject Developments • Plans for the Future

Brie ief BreedObje ject His istory ry • Research began during 1980’s, released 1990’s

Approach whole commercial production system (birth to slaughter including cow herd) Customer • Wholesale • Retailer • Consumer X Genes Cow-calf Growout Finishing

Driving Force Profit = Income – Costs • Influenced by numerous traits to varying degrees • Can change between systems

What Im Impacts Profit? whole commercial production system (birth to slaughter including cow herd) meat % marbling carcass specs dressing % CALF : calving ease growth feed intake growth feed intake growth feed intake fertility milk survival COW : calving ease feed intake weight Genes Cow-calf Growout Finishing Barwick & Fuchs 1992 Animal Breeding – A modern approach Barwick 2002 World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production

Predicting Feed Requirement Corbett et al 1990 Freer et al 2007

Hereford Commercial Production Environment Her Herefor ord

Div iversity in in Beef In Industry ry Trait Range Fertility (weaning rate) 50% 98% Calving Difficulties 0% 40% Age @ 400kg 10 months 2 years Cow Weight 400 kg 900 kg Annual Death Rate 1% 20% Heifer Retention Rate 20% 100% Carcass Weight 150 kg 500 kg Fat Non-compliance 0% 25% Marble Score 0 10 Feed Costs <$100/t >$300/t

Hereford Commercial Production Environment Seedstock Environment Her Herefor ord

Objective Traits Selection Criteria Measurable and Desirable to improve, related to objective impact profit Barwick 1992 Animal Breeding – A modern approach

Objective Traits Selection Criteria Days to Calving Cow Weaning Rate Scrotal Size Barwick 1992 Animal Breeding – A modern approach

Economics of Traits • Not everything is linear 250 Price Premium ($/kg carcass wt) 200 • Some prices have optima’s 150 • Fat specifications 100 50 • Other pricings structures 0 • Marble Score 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Marble Score (AUS Meat score) Barwick & Henzell 2003 Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Brie ief BreedObje ject His istory ry • Developed in the early 1980’s, released 1990’s • Approach: • Whole commercial production system • Driven by Profit – always included costs Feed Costs • Breeding Objective – Desired to be improved, impact profit • Selection Criteria – Can be measured and related to objective • Non-linear economic values

Todays Objectives • Brief BreedObject History • BreedObject Developments • Plans for the Future

New Features: BreedObje ject Version 6 • Inclusion of all feed costs – NFI in objective (all breeds) • NFI EBVs in Indexes (where available) • Enhanced feedlot phase modelling for pasture-feedlot systems • Enhanced cow weight valuing • Cow condition score valuing Barwick et al 2018 Journal of Animal Science

Growth curve - Previously finished sale weight cow weight Liveweight (kg) Example: feedlot- finished system birth (calving ease) Age age

Growth curve - Previously finished sale weight cow weight Liveweight (kg) Example: feedlot- finished system birth (calving ease) Age

Growth curve - Now finished sale weight cow weight Liveweight (kg) entry weight weaning weight Example: feedlot- finished system birth (calving ease) Age age

Growth curve - Now finished sale weight cow weight Liveweight (kg) entry weight weaning weight Example: feedlot- finished system birth (calving ease) Age age

Growth curve - Now finished sale weight cow weight Liveweight (kg) entry weight weaning weight Example: feedlot- finished system birth (calving ease) Age age

Growth curve - Now finished sale weight cow weight Liveweight (kg) entry weight weaning weight Example: feedlot- finished system birth (calving ease) Age age

Growth curve - Now finished sale weight cow weight Liveweight (kg) entry weight weaning weight Example: feedlot- finished system birth (calving ease) Age age

Growth curve - Now finished sale weight cow weight Liveweight (kg) entry weight weaning weight Example: feedlot- finished system birth (calving ease) Age

Cow Weig ight Economic value encompasses Cow feed costs have to be considered over: • feed for maintaining wt. • whole year • feed for change in wt. (effect isn’t constant) • return from surpl. cows & (at const. other performance) • whole lifetime (a multiplier is involved) Walmsley et al 2015 Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Annual Production Cycle surplus feed limited feed Cow Liveweight (kg) Cow Age (months)

Cow Weig ight Pattern - Previously surplus feed limited feed calving Cow Liveweight (kg) weaning mating mating Cow Age (months)

Cow Weig ight Pattern - Previously Cow weight change surplus feed limited feed constant throughout the annual cycle calving Cow Liveweight (kg) Equal weaning mating mating Cow Age (months)

Cow Weig ight Pattern - Now Temperate Cow weight change or surplus feed limited feed varies throughout the annual cycle Tropical calving Systems Cow Liveweight (kg) Different weaning mating mating Cow Age (months)

Cow Weig ight - Now Cow Body Condition Score 3 4 5 6 3 4 Cow A Cow B Cow Liveweight (kg) 1100 lbs 12 months Time (months in annual cycle)

Cow Weig ight - Now Cow Body Condition Score 3 4 5 6 3 4 Cow A Cow B Cow Liveweight (kg) 1540 lbs 1100 lbs 12 months Time (months in annual cycle)

Cow Weig ight - Now Cow Body Condition Score 3 4 5 6 3 4 Cow A Cow B Cow Liveweight (kg) 1540 lbs 380 lbs 1100 lbs 12 months Time (months in annual cycle)

Cow Weig ight - Now Cow Body Condition Score 3 4 5 6 3 4 Cow A Cow B Cow Liveweight (kg) 1540 lbs 440 lbs 380 lbs 1100 lbs 12 months Time (months in annual cycle)

Cow Weig ight - Now Cow Body Condition Score 3 4 5 6 3 4 Cow A Cow B Cow Liveweight (kg) 1540 lbs 480 lbs 440 lbs Cow B - 100 lbs more weight than cow A - From BCS 3 to BCS 6 380 lbs 1100 lbs 12 months Time (months in annual cycle)

Age at Lowest Cow Condition Score 140 BRAH (N = 1030) 120 Frequency (number of cows) TCOMP (N = 1130) 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 85 89 95 99 Age when cows recorded their lowest lifetime condition score (months)

Cow Condition Score desired range Barwick et al 2018 Journal of Animal Science max min (mean) Welfare Issue Wasted feed = cow NFI 3 6 8 critically low condition lower condition higher condition than needed than needed Requires extra supplementary feed

Cow Feed Requirement Cow Feed Requirement 6000 ~ 0.88 kg DM/day EBV (MJ) 4000 2000 0 1985 1995 2005 2015 Year Walmsley et al 2017 Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Cow/calf Feed Requirement Cow & Calf Feed Requirement 8000 ~ 1.52 kg DM/day 6000 EBV (MJ) 4000 2000 0 1985 1995 Year 2005 2015 Walmsley et al 2017 Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Growth responses – Feed pric ice Increasing $160 $100 $40 0 V4 Birth Wt 200D Wt 400D Wt 600D Wt MCWt $160 Decreasing

Growth responses – Feed pric ice Increasing $160 $100 $40 0 V4 Birth Wt 200D Wt 400D Wt 600D Wt MCWt $160 Decreasing

Growth responses – Feed pric ice Increasing $160 $100 $40 0 V4 Birth Wt 200D Wt 400D Wt 600D Wt MCWt $160 Decreasing

Growth responses – Feed pric ice Increasing $160 $100 $40 0 V4 Birth Wt 200D Wt 400D Wt 600D Wt MCWt $160 Decreasing

Growth responses – Feed pric ice Increasing $160 $100 $40 0 Old Birth Wt 200D Wt 400D Wt 600D Wt MCWt $160 Decreasing