FUEL EFFICIENCY IN MODERN RESEARCH ICEBREAKER DESIGN • Martin Melzer TECHNOLOG SERVICES 28/09/2015
Agenda • Motivation and Introduction • Fuel Efficiency in modern Cargo Ship Design • About Research Icebreakers • Striving for Fuel Efficiency in Research Icebreaker Design 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 2 28/09/2015
Motivation Starting Situation Fuel Efficiency • Heavy Lightship • Electric Propulsion • No Bulbeous Bow • Hullform resembling a brick • CPP • CPP designed for low URN • CPP with very high Ice classes • Comparable Small Propeller Diameter because of Ice Floes • No PID possible • Speed loss occurs early 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 3 28/09/2015
Short Introduction TLS Feasibility Studies • Concept Development • Energy Management and Optimization • Tender Documents/ Bid Evaluation • Basic Design with Classification • Detail Design • Project Management • Plan Approvals • Construction Supervision • Building advice to Yards • Retrofits and Conversions • Warranty Services • 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 4 28/09/2015
Fuel Efficiency in modern Cargo Ship Design – Engine selection • Stroke, Revolutions … – Propeller Efficiency and PIDs – Electric Power Generation & Distribution – Waste Heat Recovery – Hullform • Parametric Optimisation, Wake Field Studies … – Dual Fuel 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 5 28/09/2015
Tayloring of design Utilise Data from Fleet • Specific Route • Specific Leg – Speed, Weather – Draught Effective Power [kW] – Trim 0 5 10 15 20 Ship Speed [knots] T=12m PE(A) T=12m PE(B) T=14m PE(A) T=14m PE(B) 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 6 28/09/2015
About Research Icebreakers 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 7 28/09/2015
About Research Icebreakers • 1 Ship in a Fleet • 2 Primary Roles – Logistics – Science 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 8 28/09/2015
Science at sea Acoustic Survey Towing Stationkeeping 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 9 28/09/2015
Supplying Antarctic Stations • 2 Primary Roles – Logistics – Science Non Bulk Bulk in casks Container Vehicles Personnel 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 10 28/09/2015
STRIVING FOR FUEL EFFICIENCY IN RESEARCH ICEBREAKER DESIGN 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 11 28/09/2015
Operational Profile of Research Icebreakers 45 12000 40 35 10000 Specific Power Consumption [%] 30 Accoustic survey 8000 Power [kW] Time [%] 25 6000 20 Harbour 15 4000 10 Cargo transfer Ice breaking In refit 2000 DP light conditions Transit at 13 knots 5 Towing other Speed [knots] 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Proportion of Time [%] Specific Work [%] Delivered Propulsion Power per operating condition [kW] Critical Values 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 12 28/09/2015
To Do List: Efficiency • Right Sizing of Power Plant – Balancing Icebreaking Performance with Open Water and Seakeeping • Optimizing Internal Arrangements for – Reduced Voluntary Speed Loss – Improve Cargo Handling where possible (Time at Shelf) – Trim and Deadweight Distribution Voyage • Make Decisions ! Scenario Understand Ice Breaking Open Water • Accept the Rest ! Optimize Optimize You need CPP, Electric Propulsion etc. Station Keeping Observe Propeller SEAKEEPING Preliminary/ Check Empirical Experience 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 13 28/09/2015
Seakeeping • Strip Method 180° (head • Identifying severe risks sea) 180° (head 165° 165° sea) 150° 0,05 150° 165° 165° 100 150° 150° 90 135° (bow 135° (bow 0,04 135° 135° quart.) quart.) • Empirical Corrections 80 (bow (bow 70 quart.) quart.) 0,03 120° 120° 60 120° 120° 50 0,02 40 • Several Loops 105° 105° 30 105° 105° 0,01 20 10 90° 90° 90° (beam 90° (beam 0,00 sea) sea) (beam 0 (beam sea) sea) 75° 75° 75° 75° 60° 60° 60° 60° 45° 45° (stern (stern 45° (stern 45° (stern quart.) quart.) quart.) quart.) 30° 30° 30° 30° 15° 15° 0° 15° 15° (follow 0° (follow sea) sea) • Mass of POI to check • Often Owners request standard Criteria e.g. Nordforsk or STANAG � Hard to achieve for an Icebreaker 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 14 28/09/2015
Open water optimisation Section Area 180 160 140 Section Areas 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 -20 • CFD • Approaching Resistance • Identifying severe risks • Empirical Corrections • Several Loops 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 15 28/09/2015
Icebreaking Resistance Formula for semi empirical resistance in ice acc. to Lindquist � ��� � � � � � � �, � ��� � � � � �, � �� Definitions taken from lecture notes NTNU, Riska 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 16 28/09/2015
Conclusuion • Timeline forbids to involve too many parties in the development • Important Design Parameters (Deadweight, Geometrics) are far from beeing fixed • Up-front investments are often not accepted • Customers expect high level of accuracy for their individual operational profiles Convincing Ships are taylored � rules out development of parent design • • Convincing Ships are balanced � It is not the Mastery of one discipline that leads to success 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 17 28/09/2015
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 15 TH CONFERENCE ON SHIP EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOG SERVICES 18 28/09/2015
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