Fuel-Based On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory for the Denver - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fuel-Based On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory for the Denver - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 11, 2022 135 likes •327 views

Fuel-Based On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory for the Denver Metropolitan Area Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop and Donald H. Stedman Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver 2101 E. Wesley Ave. Denver, CO 80208

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SLIDE 1

Fuel-Based On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory for the Denver Metropolitan Area

Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop and Donald H. Stedman Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Denver 2101 E. Wesley Ave. Denver, CO 80208

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SLIDE 2

Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Methods

MOBILE emission factors

  • g/mile uncertain

Vehicle miles traveled

  • very uncertain

Speed correction factors

Inventory

  • legally correct

but … Measured grams pollutant per kg

  • f fuel from RSD
  • quantifiable

uncertainty Fuel sales from tax department

  • quite precise

Inventory

  • uncertainty can

be estimated

Travel Based Model Fuel Based Data

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SLIDE 3

2010 THC Emissions by Vehicle Class for a Metropolitan Are

(default VMTmix and applicable standards)

  • 40

80 120 160 200 MOBILE1 MOBILE2 MOBILE3 MOBILE4 MOBILE41 MOBILE5A MOBILE5B MOBILE6

  • MC
  • HDDV
  • LDDT

LDDV

  • HDGV
  • LDGT34
  • LDGT12
  • LDGV
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SLIDE 4

(default VMT mix and applicable standards)

  • 50

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 MOBILE1 MOBILE2 MOBILE3 MOBILE4 MOBILE41 MOBILE5A MOBILE5B MOBILE6

  • MC
  • HDDV
  • LDDT
  • LDDV
  • HDGV
  • LDGT34
  • LDGT12
  • LDGV
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SLIDE 5

Remote Sensing versus IM240 Correlation in grams/kg

  • Data averaged by model year correlate very

well

  • Cost of RSD: $25,000
  • Cost of IM240: $25,000,000
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SLIDE 6

Denver 1999 CO

y = 0.6785x + 14.003 R2 = 0.9736 50 100 150 200 250 300 50 100 150 200 250 300 Average CO from IM (g/kg fuel) Average CO from RSD (g/kg fuel)

82 88 95

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SLIDE 7

Denver 1999 HC

y = 0.4108x + 0.8305 R

2 = 0.9783

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 5 10 15 20 Average HC from IM (g/kg fuel) Average HC from RSD (g/kg fuel) 82 88 95

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SLIDE 8

Denver 1999 NO

y = 1.0848x + 1.7888 R

2 = 0.9783

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 5 10 15 20 Average NOx from IM (g/kg fuel) Average NO from RSD (g/kg fuel) 82 88 96

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SLIDE 9

Calculations for Fuel-Based Approach

) 014 . 1 ( ) % % 2 . 2 3 ( 1 % % % % 28

2 2 2

× × + + × = CO HC x CO CO CO CO kgFUEL gCO ) 014 . 1 ( ) % % 2 . 2 3 ( 1 % % % % 2 . 2 44

2 2 2

× × + + × = CO HC x CO CO CO HC x kgFUEL gHC ) 014 . 1 ( ) % % 2 . 2 3 ( 1 % % % % 30

2 2 2

× × + + × = CO HC x CO CO CO NO kgFUEL gNO

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SLIDE 10

Calculations of Emission Factors in Fuel-Based Approach

N n t

yv yv = y = model year subgroup v = vehicle type subgroup (car or truck) t = fraction of travel of subgroup n = number of measurements of subgroup N = total number of measurements

∑ ∑

= =

=

n n

V V v Y Y y yv yv yv yv yv

F t F t f

1 1

) / ( ) / (

Fyv = fuel economy of MY subgroup y and vehicle type v Y1…Yn = various model years measured V1…Vn = vehicle types measured fyv = relative fuel economy of subgroup y and v

∑ ∑

= =

=

n n

V V v Y Y y yv yvE

f M

1 1

M = Emission factor of fleet

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SLIDE 11

Statistics of Using RSD for Inventory

  • One week’s work
  • 25,000 vehicles
  • Approximately 5% variability in day to day

average emissions

  • Adding uncertainty in fuel economy and

fuel sales in area: 10% overall uncertainty

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SLIDE 12

Model Year Distribution of RSD Measurements and Model Travel Fractions Denver 2000 PAS

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 8 2 Model Year Fraction of Total Model RSD

4% RMS Difference

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SLIDE 13

Map of Study Area with Measurement Locations

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SLIDE 14

Emission Factors and Inventories for Denver 2000

g per kg of fuel

24 14 32 Diesel trucks

Tons/day

102 100 642 Total

Tons/day

38 22 52 Diesel trucks

Tons/day

27 30 220 Gasohol (LTK, PAS)

Tons/day

37 48 369 Gasoline (LTK, PAS)

g per kg of fuel

7 8 59 Gasohol (LTK, PAS)

g per kg of fuel

7 9 66 Gasoline (LTK, PAS) Units NO HC CO

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SLIDE 15

CO Inventories in Denver for Several Years

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year CO (tons/day)

RSD IM MOBILE5b

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SLIDE 16

HC Inventories in Denver for Several Years

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Year HC (tons/day) IM240 RSD

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SLIDE 17

NO Inventories in Denver for Several Years

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Year NO (tons/day) RSD IM240

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SLIDE 18

Implications

  • RSD method ideal for mobile source

emissions inventories

  • Especially where IM240 does not exist
  • Only need one week of work and fuel sales

to get fuel based emissions inventories