From One Medicine to One Health and EcoHealth: A systemic approach - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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From One Medicine to One Health and EcoHealth: A systemic approach - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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From One Medicine to One Health and EcoHealth: A systemic approach to Health and Well-Being Jakob Zinsstag Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland President International Association for Ecology and Health 25. Januar 2016

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From One Medicine to One Health and EcoHealth: A systemic approach to Health and Well-Being

Jakob Zinsstag Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland President International Association for Ecology and Health

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  • 25. Januar 2016

Präsentationstitel 2

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  • 25. Januar 2016

Präsentationstitel 3

„One Health“ requirements

  • Necessary (but not sufficient) requirements:

– Recognition of intextricable linkage of human, livestock, companion animal and wildlife health.

  • Sufficient requirements:

– Added value of health and wellbeing of humans and animals and/or financial savings from closer cooperation of human and animal health.

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  • 25. Januar 2016

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Joint human and animal vaccinations improve access to health care for pastoralists (Schelling et al. 2007 EID) Costing study: public health sector could save up to 15% of infrastructure, cold chain and staff costs Private veterinarians’ interest in capitalising on transportation infrastructure

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  • 25. Januar 2016

Präsentationstitel 5

Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS)

www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/index-eng.php

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Parthenium hysterophorous (Famine Weed): A looming threat to KZN, South Africa

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Human health Implications on agriculture Wild animals health Domestic animals health The solution lies in Ecohealth based interventions

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Conceptual Framework for addressing Famine Weed induced challenges

Parthenium hysterophorus Stigma Human health challenges Biodiversity Food security

Animal health challenges

Unexploited benefits Socio-cultural Control

Competitive food crops/control

Remedies/IKS application

Exploring potential benefits

Remedies/IKS application

Compromised human and Animal Wellbeing

Improved Human and Animal Wellbeing Research Informed Interventions

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Partners for addressing Famine weed challenges

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STAKEHOLDERS

  • KwaZulu-Natal Parliamentarians
  • Departments of Health
  • Department of Environmental Affairs
  • Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
  • Department of Rural Development and Land Reform
  • Department of Economic Development
  • Department of Social Development
  • Department of Science and Technology
  • Department of Human Settlements
  • Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
  • South Africa National Space Agency (SANSA)
  • University of KwaZulu-Natal Scientists

Biodiversity Health Social Economics Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Agriculture

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Ecohealth Leveraging Green Space to Connect Environment & Health:

Ontario examples

Karen Morrison, PhD Vice-President, IAEH Adjunct Professor, York University, Canada

Our goal is to develop new collaborations among the human health, social and environmental sectors and build a common agenda to foster improved health and well being outcomes for Ontarians through the provision

  • f better ecosystem quality,

increased green space and enhanced access to nature.

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Examples of Activities to Date

Officially began in 2015!

Forums: Health Benefits of Green Space

Workshops: Shade Working Group and Audits

  • Newsletters
  • Increasing engagement
  • Local and provincial

Mailing List: Several hundred interested parties

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Significance

  • Sectors see the value in collaboration/leveraging

– Collective Impact approach – Mutually reinforcing activities – Policy, Research, Communication

  • Myriad of opportunities

– Ample co-funding

  • foundations, environment and health NGOs, government

agencies

– Different lenses

  • chronic disease, climate change, biodiversity, etc.
  • Creating a new public space for discussions about

the link between human health and the environment

– Legitimizes concerns – Mobilizes action

  • No focus on zoonoses or animal health

– Not well-served by the One Health concept

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Lead in Human in Rural Area of Bangladesh

  • 183 school aged children

– 14% (26) had blood lead levels > 10 μg/dL.

  • 16 parents

– 25% (4) had blood lead levels > 10 μg/dL.

  • No obvious exposure to lead

– Only industries: Brick kilns, fabric dying and weaving

Mitra AK. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009;6(1):84-95. 1.5 year old children (n=329) Mean 6.0 μg/L lead in urine Range (0.8 – 70) 5 year old children (n=335)Mean 5.3 μg/L lead in urine Range (0.7 – 26) Bergkvist C. Environ Res. 2010;110(7):718-24

  • 430 Pregnant women

– 13% had blood lead levels > 7 μg/dL

  • Pesticides and herbicides use, preparation and storage as a risk factor in case

control study

  • Laboratory analysis of pesticides showed lead @32.1 ppm, Arsenic @ 10.5

ppm

Steve Luby, OH Bangladesh ex-meeting 02 Sept, 2015, Dhaka

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Lead in Foods and Vegetables in Bangladesh

Lead in edible fish from fresh water Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Lead concentration at dry muscle @2.08 µg/dl
  • EC maximum level of Pb in fish 0.96 µg/g dry weight
  • Per capita 21 g/person/day for males and females of all ages

Lead in fresh vegetable in coastal area, Bangladesh

  • 12 species of fresh vegetables (n=120) were tested
  • Pb ranges from 0.2 -1.2 mg/kg which exceed WHO/FAO 2012

recommended level

  • Estimated dietary intake (EDI) is 2.1 mg/day for Amaranthus hybridus

Lead in fresh milk Chittagong, Bangladesh

  • Fresh Milk sample from dairy farms Chittagong were tested
  • 6.3% cross the maximum tolerable level recommended by 10 μg/dL

Talukder et al., 2014, CVASU MS thesis Islam et al., 2015, Hum Ecol Risk Assess, 21: 986–1006, 2015

Islam et al., 2015, Hum Ecol Risk Assess, 21: 986–1006, 2015

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One Health Solution One Health Solution

  • Healthy Environment for healthy people
  • Justified and sustainable use of pesticides/

insecticides

  • Wildlife and forest conservation
  • Sustainable use of natural resources
  • Ensuring safe food for betterment of next

generation

  • Understanding ecology and interrupt the

transmission chain

Community Engagement Participatory Research Good Agriculture & Environment Practice Control contamination at production level

Anticona et al. BMC Public Health 2013, 13:437

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Amplification in a secondary host Transmission to humans and dogs Direct transmission to humans? Human to human?

Hendra – using a one health approach

Bats Horses (not so far!) (not so far!)

Man Man

Dog

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Vaccinate humans

So what should we do?

Disperse the bats Kill the bats! Keep bats and horses apart Treat infected humans (use of immune serum) Treat infected horses Destroy infected (suspect) Infected horses Vaccinate horses

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Added-value created by a One-Health Approach

  • Hendra is an excellent example of what can

be achieved

  • The outcomes in terms of protecting bats,

managing the disease in horses and reducing the risk to humans could not have been achieved without a One Health approach

  • This approach included operational/field

activities, policy setting and research prioritization and implementation