Formulate adaptation strategies to face climate challenges on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

 Identify natural hazards which have impacts

• n Water Supply and Sanitation

 Determine WATSAN status in Bangladesh  Assessing impacts of natural hazards  Formulate adaptation strategies to face climate challenges on WATSAN

Hydrologic Region

• No. of upazila

North West Region 122 North Central Region 65 Extended North East Region 93 Extended Coastal Region 178 Eastern Hill 25

 Monsoon flood  Storm surge  Rainfall Stress  Salinity intrusion  Riverbank erosion

 97.8 % of the population used an improved drinking water source  In urban areas, the rate was 99.5 % and in rural areas 97.4 %.

Threats of natural hazards like flood, storm surge, salinity intrusion in surface water, river erosion which will increase in future due to climate change Safe water scarcity due to water logging during 5-6 months in some years Lowering of ground water level during dry season which affect the availability

• f

groundwater from shallow tube wells Pollution of water bodies

According to BBS, 2011 63 % households have hygienic latrine 29% households have un-hygienic latrine  8% have no latrines

Natural hazard like floods, storm surge, river erosion, and socio-economic problems like poverty, illiteracy, food scarcity, gender issues etc. Scarcity of water in some areas for installing sanitary latrine Pollution of water bodies due to open defecation Lack of appropriate and sustainable technical solution regarding sanitation Lack of awareness on sanitation and hygiene issues Absence of sanitation management plan

13% increase in 2050

(World Bank, 2010)

Rdry<380mm in 2050

(Mukherjee et al., 2011)

17.5% more area in 2050 (>or=1ppt) (IWM & CEGIS, 2007)

18% more area in 2050

(World Bank, 2010)

Integrated Risk Assessment

Physical Risk Scoring of upazila due to hazards Weightage of hazard in particular region Socio-economic Risk Proportion of women Proportion of dependent people Proportion of poor/unprivileged group

Region Risk Rank Affected Upazillas North West Region High Medium 81 Low 45 North Central Region High Medium 77 Low 21 Extended North East Region High Medium 69 Low 23 Extended Coastal Zone High 64 Medium 92 Low 36

Natural isk Assessment (Base Scenario)

Region Risk Rank Affected Upazillas North West Region High Medium 106 Low 20 North Central Region High Medium 76 Low 22 Extended North East Region High Medium 61 Low 31 Extended Coastal Zone High 71 Medium 74 Low 47

Socio-economic Risk Assessment (Base Scenario)

Female/Gender Ratio Poor/Underprivileged Dependent group

• Aged
• Children
• Pregnant Woman

Risk level Population (%) Area (%) Very High 5.78 8.85 High 31.16 28.57 Medium 44.55 38.90 Low 15.88 16.92 Very Low 2.62 6.74

• To cope with the situation adaptive measures and

programs should be formulated carefully and effectively.

• Adaptive measures should aim at sustainable water

supply options for future needs. Adaptation options discussed in two broad categories

• Management oriented
• Technological based

Non structural adaptation measures

• Institutional strengthening
• Community participation and awareness
• Women’s Empowerment
• Reuse and efficient use of water
• Water resources assessment

Technological Options Area of application Region

Piped System Flood, Storm surge, Salinity intrusion, Water scarce areas NW, ENE, ECZ, NC, EH (parts) Raised Deep Tubewells Flood, Storm surge ENE, ECZ, NW (parts) Rainwater Harvesting Scheme (RHS) Flood, Storm surge, Salinity intrusion ENE, ECZ, EH, NC Pond Sand Filter (PSF) Salinity, Water scarce areas ECZ Gravity Feed System (GFS) Flood EH Infiltration Gallery Flood EH, ENE Tara pump no 6 Flood, Water scarce areas NW, ENE, EH Very Shrouded Shallow Tubewell (VSST) Salinity ECZ Protected Dug well Flood, Storm surge ENE, ECZ (except tidal zone) Spring/Ghiri Flood EH

• Inadequate sanitation will be more challenging in

context of the impact of climate change.

• Integration of technological innovation, strong

community involvement and management strategies

• Adaptation options for sanitation have been

discussed under two broad categories:

• Management related adaptation
• Technological adaptation

 Institutional Strengthening  Community Involvement  Focus on Women and Gender Issues

Technological Options Area of application Region Cost

Earth Stabilised Raised Pit Latrine Flood, Storm surge ENE, NW, NC, ECZ Low to medium Step Latrine Flood, Storm surge ENE, NW, NC, ECZ Low to medium Mound Latrine Flood, Storm surge NE, NW, NC, ECZ Low to medium Sand Enveloped Latrine High-water table areas ENE, ECZ Low to medium Sand Enveloped Raised Latrine Flood, storm surge and High-water table areas ENE, ECZ Medium Community latrine Flood and storm surge All regions Low to medium

 Impact of Climate Change on Ground Water quantity & quality (salinity)  Relationship between GW replenishment and rainfall  Refinement of location specific Climate Change Impact