for Electron Beam and X-ray Irradiation Thomas K. Kroc CIRMS 2018 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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for Electron Beam and X-ray Irradiation Thomas K. Kroc CIRMS 2018 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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FERMILAB-SLIDES-19-015-AD-DI A Compact Superconducting RF Accelerator for Electron Beam and X-ray Irradiation Thomas K. Kroc CIRMS 2018 17 April 2018 Industrial-scale electron accelerators the Need Energy and Environment Waste water

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Thomas K. Kroc CIRMS 2018 17 April 2018

A Compact Superconducting RF Accelerator for Electron Beam and X-ray Irradiation

FERMILAB-SLIDES-19-015-AD-DI

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Energy and Environment

  • Waste water and sludge
  • In-situ applications

– Sediments – Hydrocarbon upgrading

Industrial

  • In-situ cross linking at deeper penetration
  • Food and medical device sterilization without 60Co
  • Radiation driven chemistry

Safeguards and Security

  • Non-invasive and stand-off inspection

Industrial-scale electron accelerators – the Need

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 2

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-3
SLIDE 3

EBFGT “The most important is the high power accelerators state-of-

  • art. The power of existing accelerators allows for construction
  • f flue gas treatment facilities for low and medium size power

generation units. On the other hand, the reliability of such big machines is still regarded as not satisfactory (over 8500 hours

  • f operation per year is required) and the price of this

apparatus is high.”

Prospects and Challenges in Application of Radiation for Treating Exhaust Gases, Working Material, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 2011

Industrial-scale electron accelerators – the Need

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 3

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-4
SLIDE 4

Continuous ILU

  • 1 – 10 MeV
  • 20 – 100 kW

ELV

  • 0.7 – 1.5 MeV
  • 20 – 400 kW

Elektron

  • 5 – 10 MeV
  • 15 – 150 kW

Industrial-scale electron accelerators – present status

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 4

Continuous Dynamitron

  • 0.5 – 5 MeV
  • 88 – 250 kW

Rhodotron

  • 5 – 10 MeV
  • 50 – 560 kW

Pulsed Mevex

  • 5 – 25 MeV
  • 250 kW – 2.5 MW

– instantaneous

Varian

  • 3 – 15 MeV
  • 8 - 25 kW

– average

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-5
SLIDE 5

Industrial-scale electron accelerators – present status

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 5

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Beam Power (KW) Energy (MeV)

Compact SRF (FNAL) IBA ILU & ELV Mevex Varian

  • ther

PET isotope production SPECT isotope production Possible Accelerator Produced Mo-99 Proton Therapy Ion Therapy

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slide-6
SLIDE 6
  • Designing an accelerator that is:

– High Energy – 10 MeV – High power – 250 – 1000 kW – Compact – Reliable – Turn-key – CW (@ 650 MHz)

What are we doing to address this need?

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 6

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-7
SLIDE 7

We are combining a number of state-of-the-art technological advances into a simple to operate, compact, superconducting RF accelerator.

  • Inexpensive (relatively)
  • Efficient

– > 80%,mains to e-beam

  • Turn key operation
  • High reliability
  •  10 MeV
  •  1000 kW
  •  0.7m  x 1.5 m long

What we are doing

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 7

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-8
SLIDE 8

Eliminate liquid cryogens

  • Conduction cooling

– No LHe

  • Commercial cryocoolers

– 2W each @ 4 K – 12.5 kW

Heat – the major villian

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 8

600 W @ 200 kW

CFermilab

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Conduction Cooling

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 9

4K

X78443 (D2) X63112 (C4) X42268(D3) X63115 (C3) X78442 (D5) X78441 (C2) 42266 (D4) X78440 (C5)

X 8

Heater 40 Ohm,10W

X4 X1 X2 X7 X6 X5 X3

162 46 15 10 20

60K 300K

Copper wires Phosphor-bronze wires Connection

Thermal anchoring block

Cold head(s) of the cryocooler(s) connected to cavities by high purity aluminum Heat Budget 4 – 6 W US patent applications #15/280,107 #14/689,695

  • --------------------------- CFermilab
slide-10
SLIDE 10
  • Higher temperature superconductor

– Very high quality factors – < 2.5 W @ 4K

  • Low loss RF power couplers

– 10 kW with < 0.7 W @ 4K

  • Integrated electron gun

– < 0.1 W @ 4K

How do we accommodate the heat budget?

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 10

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-11
SLIDE 11

Nb3Sn Coated SRF Cavities

  • 1.3 GHz, 14 MV/m, Q=2x1010 @ 4K
  • At 650 MHz, we predict < 2.5 W @ 4K
  • Sam Posen

– $2.5M DOE Early Career Award

  • First article @ FNAL within factor of 3 of Cornell performance

Higher temperature SRF cavities

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 11

Nb cavity substrate

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0 0 1010

0 Fermilab Nb3Sn, March 2018

  • Fermilab Nb3Sn, March 2016

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_ Nb3Sn BCS Theory

  • Nb BCS Theory

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CFermilab

slide-12
SLIDE 12

4/13/2018 Sam Posen 12

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-13
SLIDE 13

FNAL and Euclid TechLabs

  • Patent application # 15/278,299
  • DOE OHEP grant to fund fabrication of two 1.3 GHz

prototypes

  • Testing this year
  • Eliminates copper plating

Low loss RF power couplers

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 13

HV bias Arc detector

4 " copper

Cryomodule flange

  • uter conductor

05" antenna 4K flange e-Shields and matchers 70 intercept

CFermilab

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Reduces size and complexity

Integrated Electron Gun

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 14

R'vs.R

Beam profile: R vs time

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Electron energy

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40 ~850

Current modulation range Beam loss at 4K Cathode backward bombardment Cathode blackbody radiation

4900 4950

Time (ps)

Value

9MeV±5%

0.1 µA- 1 mA <0.5 W <1 W

<200mW

500

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R (mm)

70 K intercept

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-15
SLIDE 15

Injection locked magnetron (PCT/US2014/058750)

  • Reduce cost/watt by factor of 5 over IOT and solid state
  • Efficiency > 80%
  • Excellent phase and amplitude control

Reduce cost

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 15

Conceptual scheme of a single 2-cascade magnetron transmitter allowing dynamic phase and power control

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  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Solid state or Magnetron Power Supply Cryo-cooler Compressor

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 16

The Compact SRF Accelerator

Integrated Electron Gun Cryo-cooler Cold Head Low Heat-loss RF Coupler Nb3Sn Coated Cavities No LHe

  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-17
SLIDE 17

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 17

  • Electron range

– Hardwood (maple) - 6.4 cm – Switchgrass - 45 cm

  • Dose required for wood

– 750 kGy (?) – 1.2 tonne/hr @ 250 kW

Pictures curtesy of M. Driscoll, SUNY

Biomass pretreatment

  • -... -
  • ---------------------------- CFermilab
slide-18
SLIDE 18

Schematic of MWRD Stickney WRP Treatment Process

Screens Raw Sewage Primary Settling Tank Grit Chamber Aeration Tank Return Sludge Secondary Settling Tank

Anaerobic Digesters

Grit to Landfill Air Air Primary Effluent Final Effluent to Waterways

Sludge Conc. Tanks

Primary Sludge Waste Activated Sludge ~0.8% solids, 8-13 mgd

Locations for EB Treatment

WAS Thickening

Thickened WAS ~5% solids, ~2 mgd Post digestion centrifuge Centrifuge cake – Class B ~25% solids Class A Compost

Digester feed (sludge) ~5% solids, ~4 mgd Primary sludge ~5% solids, ~2 mgd

Lagoon aging (~18 mths) Air-drying to Class A Lagoon aging (~18 mths) Air-drying to Class A +woodchips composting Pelletizer – Class A Farmland

Digester drawoff ~5% TS

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slide-19
SLIDE 19

4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018 19

Thank you

CFermilab