for Electron Beam and X-ray Irradiation Thomas K. Kroc CIRMS 2018 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

FERMILAB-SLIDES-19-015-AD-DI A Compact Superconducting RF Accelerator for Electron Beam and X-ray Irradiation Thomas K. Kroc CIRMS 2018 17 April 2018

Industrial-scale electron accelerators – the Need Energy and Environment • Waste water and sludge • In-situ applications – Sediments – Hydrocarbon upgrading Industrial • In-situ cross linking at deeper penetration • Food and medical device sterilization without 60 Co • Radiation driven chemistry Safeguards and Security • Non-invasive and stand-off inspection ----------------------------- CFermilab 2 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

Industrial-scale electron accelerators – the Need EBFGT “The most important is the high power accelerators state -of- art. The power of existing accelerators allows for construction of flue gas treatment facilities for low and medium size power generation units. On the other hand, the reliability of such big machines is still regarded as not satisfactory (over 8500 hours of operation per year is required) and the price of this apparatus is high .” Prospects and Challenges in Application of Radiation for Treating Exhaust Gases, Working Material, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 2011 ----------------------------- CFermilab 3 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

Industrial-scale electron accelerators – present status Continuous Continuous Pulsed ILU Dynamitron Mevex • 1 – 10 MeV • 0.5 – 5 MeV • 5 – 25 MeV • 20 – 100 kW • 88 – 250 kW • 250 kW – 2.5 MW ELV Rhodotron – instantaneous • 0.7 – 1.5 MeV • 5 – 10 MeV Varian • 20 – 400 kW • 50 – 560 kW • 3 – 15 MeV Elektron • 8 - 25 kW • 5 – 10 MeV – average • 15 – 150 kW ----------------------------- CFermilab 4 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

~ ■ ~ ~ ■ ■ ◄► ♦ ♦ Industrial-scale electron accelerators – present status • 1000 I I 900 I I I I I 800 I ·~ I I 700 Beam Power (KW) 600 i.. I"' • It, ........ 500 ., ..., Compact SRF (FNAL) • ~. IBA - - 400 ILU & ELV Mevex 1 = • 300 Varian • • other • SPECT isotope ..... 200 ., ..., • production • (i) .... _ . .... - PET isotope 100 Possible Accelerator ~a Proton Therapy •• • II production Produced Mo-99 Ion Therapy _ , 0 I T I T I I I 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Energy (MeV) CFermilab 5 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

What are we doing to address this need? • Designing an accelerator that is: – High Energy – 10 MeV – High power – 250 – 1000 kW – Compact – Reliable – Turn-key – CW (@ 650 MHz) ----------------------------- CFermilab 6 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

What we are doing We are combining a number of state-of-the-art technological advances into a simple to operate, compact, superconducting RF accelerator. • Inexpensive (relatively) • Efficient – > 80%,mains to e-beam • Turn key operation • High reliability •  10 MeV •  1000 kW •  0.7m  x 1.5 m long ----------------------------- CFermilab 7 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

Heat – the major villian Eliminate liquid cryogens • Conduction cooling – No LHe • Commercial cryocoolers 600 W @ 200 kW – 2W each @ 4 K – 12.5 kW CFermilab 8 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

Conduction Cooling Cold head(s) of the cryocooler(s) connected to cavities by high purity aluminum 300K 60K Thermal Copper wires anchoring Heat Budget 4K block Connection X Phosphor-bronze wires 4 – 6 W X7 42266 (D4) X78440 (C5) 8 X6 US patent applications X78441 (C2) Heater X63112 (C4) X42268(D3) X78443 (D2) #15/280,107 40 X1 X2 X4 Ohm,10W X5 #14/689,695 15 46 10 162 20 X78442 (D5) X3 X63115 (C3) ---------------------------- CFermilab 9 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

How do we accommodate the heat budget? • Higher temperature superconductor – Very high quality factors – < 2.5 W @ 4K • Low loss RF power couplers – 10 kW with < 0.7 W @ 4K • Integrated electron gun – < 0.1 W @ 4K ----------------------------- CFermilab 10 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

~ Higher temperature SRF cavities 1011 r-------,-----~---~---~ 0 Fermilab Nb3 Sn , March 2018 Nb 3 Sn Coated SRF Cavities • Fermilab Nb 3 Sn , March 2016 • 1.3 GHz, 14 MV/m, Q=2x10 10 @ 4K 0 0 1010 • At 650 MHz, we predict < 2.5 W @ 4K • Sam Posen 10 9 ~---~----'--------' ---'.__-__J 10 20 0 5 15 E – $2.5M DOE Early Career Award ace • First article @ FNAL within factor of 3 of Cornell performance 10 ·2 r--;::::=====~== =r: :i:----r-- -----.; ~ e Nb 3 Sn Data _ Nb 3 Sn BCS Theory ' Nb cav ity - Nb BCS Theory substrate I T =118 K UHVfurnace C I Heater 10· 8 .. . ... .. • •••••••• •• • •••••• • •••• .1 • •• • •••••• • •• • •••••••• • •••••• • •• • •••••••• • ••• , •••••••• Rr es = 9.5 n !1 1 1 20 0 5 10 15 T [K l CFermilab 11 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

----------------------------- CFermilab 12 4/13/2018 Sam Posen

Low loss RF power couplers FNAL and Euclid TechLabs • Patent application # 15/278,299 • DOE OHEP grant to fund fabrication of two 1.3 GHz prototypes • Testing this year • Eliminates copper plating Cryomodule flange 4 " copper outer conductor 05 " antenna HV bias 4K flange e-Shields and matchers 70 intercept Arc detector CFermilab 13 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

~ ~ ~ Integrated Electron Gun Reduces size and complexity Beam profile: R vs time Charge distribution vs. R R'vs.R 0.2 ---~--~-----~ 30~--~---~--~ 20 .. . .. . .. .. .... .. . .. . .... . ....................... +··········--· .......... . 0.15 .. .. . ...... . .. . ... '. .. ...... . .. . ... .... ; ..... . .. . ........ . 5 . ... .. . ... . .. ...................... , ........ .. 0 . -· -- -• - --· - 10 - C. i O .... . E go • ·- 0. 1 .. .. . .. . ...... . ................ .. ... . I- It: 0:: : -10 ..r:::. 0 : -5 .. . ... 0.05 ·······•··· ·· ·•·· · :. -20 .. .. .. .. . .. · ... . -30 40 ~850 4900 4950 500 -20 0 20 -20 0 20 40 Time (ps) R(mm) R (mm) Value Electron energy 9MeV±5% Current modulation range 0.1 µA- 1 mA 70 K intercept Beam loss at 4K <0.5 W Cathode backward bombardment <1 W Cathode blackbody radiation <2 00mW ----------------------------- CFermilab 14 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

Reduce cost Injection locked magnetron (PCT/US2014/058750) • Reduce cost/watt by factor of 5 over IOT and solid state • Efficiency > 80% • Excellent phase and amplitude control Cir laitors [) ir ed. I put CC11Jp l~ li' 3 -GO dB -20 dB J\tte ~ t 11 U High povuer low-powe r m,ag:net r on mag ne--tf oni Conceptual scheme of a single 2-cascade magnetron transmitter allowing dynamic phase and power control ----------------------------- CFermilab 15 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

The Compact SRF Accelerator Solid state or Low Cryo-cooler Magnetron Cryo-cooler Heat-loss Compressor Power Supply Cold Head RF Coupler Integrated Electron Gun Nb 3 Sn No LHe Coated Cavities ----------------------------- CFermilab 16 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

Biomass pretreatment -- • Electron range – Hardwood (maple) - 6.4 cm – Switchgrass - 45 cm --... - • Dose required for wood – 750 kGy (?) – 1.2 tonne/hr @ 250 kW Pictures curtesy of M. Driscoll, SUNY ----------------------------- CFermilab 17 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018

Schematic of MWRD Stickney WRP Treatment Process Secondary Primary Final Settling Tank Screens Grit Chamber Settling Effluent to Aeration Tank Tank Waterways ... ·.·.·.·.·.· Primary . Effluent Raw . . ·.·.·. --~ -' ::>1 ;,::~:;:··:: Sewage ........ :-•·;.:;.:,/:.,. . .,. . .,. .. :.~:.~:..:. ................. . Air Air Grit to Landfill Return Sludge l o-+ Waste Activated Sludge Locations for EB Treatment ~0.8% solids, 8-13 mgd Sludge Conc. WAS Primary Sludge Tanks Thickening Farmland Pelletizer – Class A Thickened WAS Primary sludge ~5% solids, ~2 mgd ~5% solids, ~2 mgd t Digester feed (sludge) Centrifuge cake – Class B ~5% solids, ~4 mgd Post digestion ~25% solids centrifuge Anaerobic Digesters Digester drawoff +woodchips Lagoon aging ~5% TS composting (~18 mths) Lagoon aging Air-drying to (~18 mths) Class A Class A Air-drying to Compost Class A

Thank you CFermilab 19 4/17/2018 Kroc | CIRMS 2018