SLIDE 1
Focus Session on Stellar Populations and Gravitational Wave Observations Center for Gravitational Wave Physics
December 2 – 5, 2002
SLIDE 2 Learning about Stellar Populations from Gravitational Wave Observations
✂✁ ✄ ☎ ✆ ✝ ☎ ✞✠✟ ✡☛ ☞ ✌✎✍ ✏ ✌✎✑ ✒ ✑ ✟ ✑ ✏ ✌✎✓ ✔
Under st and sel ect i
ef f ect s and how t hey ' skew'
vat i
Under st and how m odel pr edi ct i
depend
physi cal uncer t ai nt i es
SLIDE 3 Stellar Populations and Gravitational Wave Observations
Stellar Sources
✕ ✖✘✗ ✙ ✚ ✛ ✜✣✢ ✤ ✥ ✙ ✦ ✧ ★✩ ✪ ✫ ✦ ✧✭✬ ✮✰✯ ✱ ✲ ✮✴✳ ✵ ✶ ✱ ✮✰✷ ✯ ✵ ✶✹✸ ✳ ✺ ✸ ✯ ✻ ✮ ✯ ✼ ✸ ✼ ✱ ✽ ✵ ✾ ✿ ✱ ✱ ✮✰✯ ✷ ✶ ✿ ✱ ✸ ✼ ✳ ✺ ✿ ✱ ✸ ✳ ❀ ✵ ✺ ❁ ✷ ✳ ✸ ✼ ✯ ❂ ❃❅❄ ❆ ✬ ✙ ✚ ❃ ✢ ✥ ❄ ❆ ✙ ✧ ✖ ✢ ✗ ✬ ✮ ✯ ✱ ✲ ✮✴✳ ✵ ✶✹✸ ✳ ✺ ✸ ✯ ✻ ✮ ✯ ✼ ✸ ✼ ✱ ✽ ✵ ✾ ✿ ✱ ❀ ✮✰✯ ✵ ✳ ❇ ✸ ✳ ✮ ✱ ✸ ✶ ✵ ✻ ✿ ❂ ✜ ✢ ✤ ✥ ✙ ✦ ✧ ★ ✩ ✪ ✫ ✦ ✧ ❈ ✢ ✚ ✤ ✙ ✧ ✖ ✢ ✗ ❉ ✬ ✢ ❆ ✙ ✧ ✫ ❊ ✙ ✗ ❊❋ ✦ ✦ ✚ ✫ ✧ ✖✘✗
■ ✺ ✸ ✯ ✻ ✮ ✯ ✼ ✸ ✼ ✱ ✽ ✵ ✾ ✿ ✱ ❏ ✧ ✫ ❆ ❆ ✙ ✚ ✜✣✢ ✤ ✥ ✙ ✦ ✧ ★ ✩ ✪ ✫ ✦ ✧ ✜ ✙ ✥ ✧❑❄ ✚ ✫ ✩ ✛ ❏ ▲ ✕ ▼
Physical constraints
◆P❖ ✫ ✗ ✧ ◗ ✙ ✧ ✫ ✬ ✜ ✢ ✤ ✥ ✙ ✦ ✧ ★ ✩ ✪ ✫ ✦ ✧ ▲ ✙ ✬ ✬ ✫ ✬ ❏ ✥ ✙ ✦ ✫ ❊ ✖ ✬ ✧ ✚ ✖ ✩ ❄ ✧ ✖ ✢ ✗ ✕ ✖✘✗ ✙ ✚ ✛ ◆ ✦ ✦ ✫ ✗ ✧ ✚ ✖ ✦ ✖ ✧ ✖ ✫ ✬ ✜ ✢ ✤ ✥ ✙ ✦ ✧ ★✩ ✪ ✫ ✦ ✧ ❏ ✥ ✖✘✗ ✬ ❘ ❏ ◆ ★ ❏
SLIDE 4
Stellar Populations and Gravitational Wave Observations
❙❯❚ ❱ ❲ ❳ ❨ ❩ ❱ ❬ ❚ ❳ ❭✴❪ ❫ ❴ ❪ ❨ ❵ ❳ ❛❝❜ ❫ ❭ ❵ ❛ ❳ ❫ ❵ ❞ ❳ ❛ ❫ ❛ ❭ ❳ ❛ ❭ ❪ ❫ ❴ ❡ ❲ ❛ ❬ ❨ ❞ ❳ ❢ ❳ ❲ ❞ ❩ ❨ ❜ ❛ ❬ ❲ ❭ ❜ ❞ ❲ ❜ ❭❤❣ ❫ ❛ ❭ ❨ ❵ ✐ ❭ ❴ ❴ ❞ ❲ ❱ ❲ ❵ ❞ ❨ ❵ ✐ ❬ ❲ ❛ ❬ ❲ ❜ ❥ ❦ ❨ ❧ ❳ ❲ ❜ ❣ ❫ ❛ ❭ ❨ ❵ ❳ ❱ ❜ ❨ ❣ ❭ ❞ ❲ ❢ ❳ ✐ ❭ ❛ ❬✹♠
upper limits on rates detections of a few events detection of large event samples detection of confusion-limited backgrounds
SLIDE 5
Binary Compact Object Inspiral
♥♣♦ qr s t✈✉ s q✇
Model Rate Predictions
①② ① ③ ④✴⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ② ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑧ ⑥ ❶✴❷ ⑨ ⑦ ⑨ ❸ ⑦ ⑧ ⑤❹ ⑩ ❺ ❻ ❼ ❽ ② ❾ ❷ ④ ⑦ ⑧❿ ➀➁➂ ➃ ➄➆➅➇ ➈ ➂ ➄ ➃ ➉ ➊✴➋ ➌ ➌➎➍ ➏ ➋ ➐ ➑ ➌➓➒ ➊ ➔ ➑ → ➣↕↔ ➙➜➛ ➝ ➝✠➞ ➟ ➠ ➡✠➢ ➤ ↔➦➥ ➧ ➞ ↔ ↔ ➙ ➟ ➞ ➢ ↔ ➨ ➛ ➟ ➥ ➩ ➫ ➭ ➡➲➯ ➭ ↔ ➳ ➵➺➸ ➻ ➼ ➏ ➑ ➼ ➋ ➏ ➊ ➔ ➋ ➉ ➣ ➝➾➽ ➧ ➡ ➢ ➚ ↔ ➡ ➙➶➪ ➨ ➽ ➢ ➯ ➙ ➡ ➚ ➢ ➳
GW Observations
➹➴➘ ➘➷ ➅ ➬ ➈➱➮ ➈ ➄ ➃ ➀ ➇ ➂ ✃ ➷ ➬ ➘ ❐ ➃ ➷ ❒ ➀ ➬ ❐ ❮ ➷ ➮ ➁ ❮ ➷ ➬ ➃ ❰✠Ï ➷ ➂ Ð ❐ ➃ ➄ ➇ Ñ ➷ Ò ❮ ➷ ➄ ➷ ➀ ➄ ➈ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➀ ➇ ➂ Ó ➈ Ï ➷ ❐ ➃ ➄ ➈ Ó ✃ ➄ ➷ ➅ ➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅➇ ➈ ➂ ➄ ➃ Ô ➄ ➅ ➷ ➂ Ó ➄ ✃ ➁ Ñ ➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➇ ➈ ➂ ➄ ➃ ❮ ➷ ➘ ➷ ➂ ❮ ➃ ➁ ➂ Õ ➅ ➇ ➄ ➷ ➇ ➀ ➀ ❐ ➅➇ ➀ Ö Õ ➃ ➷ ➂ ➃ ➈ ➄ ➈ Ï ➈ ➄ Ö ➁ Ñ ➘ ➅ ➷ ❮ ➈ ➀ ➄ ➈ ➁➂ ➃ ➁ ➂ ➮ ➁ ❮ ➷ ➬ ❐ ➂ ➀ ➷ ➅ ➄ ➇ ➈ ➂ ➄ ➈ ➷ ➃ ×ÙØÛÚ Ü ÚÝ Þßáà Þ ß â ã ä äå Øæ Ø ç ã è è é Ø ä Øê ë è ì
SLIDE 6 Binary Compact Object Inspiral
í✈îï ï ðñ îï ò ó ñ ðñ ô õ ï
large event sample is detected: just a few events detected:
ö ÷ ø➦ù ú û ü ý ý ü✘þÿ
✂ ✂ ✄✆☎ ✝ ✞ ✞ ✟ ✂ ✠ ✟ ✠ ✡ ☛ ☛ ✝ ✞ ☛ ✞ ☞ ö ÷ ø➦ù ú ù ✌ ✍ ú✏✎ ✑ ü ÷ þ ù ü ý ✒ ù ✓ ✔ ✕ ✖ ✗ ✍ ÷ þ ✑ ý ✓ ✕ ü þ ý ✑ ÷ þ û ÷ ✓ ö ✕ ý ü ÷ þ ö ÷ ø ù ú ✑
SLIDE 7
first SN second SN
✘✙ ✚ ✙ ✘✙✛ ✜ ✙ ✢✣ ✤ ✙ ✥
Binary Compact Object Inspiral
For example:
✦★✧✩ ✪ ✫✭✬ ✮✰✯ ✱ ✲ ✳✴ ✵ ✶✸✷ ✹✺ ✷ ✻ ✫✽✼ ✮ ✶ ✵ ✾ ✿ ✿ ❀
Constraints on models of binary compact object formation
and on specifics of stellar evolutionary phases
first SN second SN
í✈îï ï ðñ îï ò ó ñ ðñ ô õ ï ❁ ✛ ✙ ✚ ✚ ❁ ✜ ❁ ✙✛ ❂ ❃ ❄ ✙ ❅ ✙ ✜ ❂ ❁ ✣ ✛
SLIDE 8 Binary Compact Object Inspiral
❆ ❇❉❈ ❊❋
■ ❏✆❑ ▲ ❍ ▼ ◆ ❏ ❍ ❈ ❊ ❈ ❖◗P ❘ ❙ ❚ ❯ ❙ ❱ ❚ ❯ ❲ ❳ P ❲ ❙ ❚ ❨ ❩ ❬ ❳ ❱❪❭ ❭ ❭
detection bias against massive binaries due to inspiral template uncertainties >
❫ ❴ ❴❛❵ ❜ ❝❡❞ ❢ ❫ ❝ ❵ ❞ ❣ ❴ ❤ ✐❦❥ ❤ ✐ ❢ ❵ ❧ ❫ ❝ ♠♦♥ ❵ ❝ ❣ ♣ q ❥ ♣ q
detection bias against precessing binaries, if precession modulation is not included in templates >
❫ ❴ ❴❛❵ ❜ ❝❡❞ ❢ ❫ ❝ ❵ ❞ ❣ ❴ r ♠✆s r ❥ t ❫ ❞ ❞ ❢ ❫ ❝ ♠ ❣ ✉ ♠✆✈ ❫ ❢ ♠ ❵ ❞ ✇ ❤ ✐ ❥ ♣ q ① ② P ❩ ③ ❚ ④ ❩ ❙ ③ P ❯ ❯ ❙ ③ ❳ ⑤ P ❯ ❳ ❱ ❙ ❘ ⑥
SLIDE 9
Stellar Populations formed in Clusters
⑦⑨⑧ ⑩ ❶ ❷ ❸ ⑩ ❹ ❺ ❻❽❼ ❾ ❻ ❸❿ ➀ ❻❽❼ ➁ ❾ ➁ ❹ ➂ ➃➅➄ ⑧ ➂ ➃ ❻ ❹ ➆ ❺➈➇ ⑧ ➇ ❼ ➉ ➊➋ ➌ ➍ ➊➋ ➎ ➏
BH – BH short-period binaries
➐➑ ➑ ➐➒ ➓→➔ ➣ ➑ ➣ ➓↕↔ ➙ ➛➜ ➝ ➞ ➟➡➠ ➢➥➤ ➤ ➤ ➦➧ ➨ ➣ ➓ ➣ ➧ ➒ ➑ ➧ ➣ ➒ ➑ ➣ ➩ ➐ ➒ ➑ ➐ ➫ ➣ ➓ ➭➲➯ ➑ ➳➸➵ ➨ ➓ ➐ ➔ ➙ ➠ ➺➻ ➼ ➠ ➽ ➾➅➚ ➪ ➠ ➶ ➹➴➘ ➽ ➘ ➷ ➬ ➯ ➒ ↔ ➓ ➭ ➣ ➒ ➮ ➐ ➳ ➨ ➐ ➙
SLIDE 10 GW Source Locations
➱ ✃❒❐ ❮Ï❰ ❐ Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ò ❐ Ô Ð Õ Ô Ö × ❮ ✃ Ò × Ø ÙÛÚ Ü Ý♦Þ ß Ý✏à Ý ß➸á â ã➲ä Ú á Üå æ ä ç è é êë ì è í è✆î ï ì è✆ð ë ð í ñ ò î ð ó ë ì êôõ ï ô ì÷ö ð ô ø ð ö ì ö ì ê ù ù ï ô ö ú ö ì êû ö ÙÛÚ Ü ã â Üü æ ä Ú á Üå æ ä âý þ ã æ ä ç ÿ ö õ ï î ê é è ö ì ô è
ì è✆ð ë ö ð í ö ì ê ù ù ï ô õ ð õ ö ✁ ê✄✂ ☎ ✂ ✆ ï ù ï î ì è î ✝✟✞ ✝ õ ð õ ✠ ÿ î ð ô ô ê ù ï ì è✆ð ë ö
ì ✡ ê ê ë ö ð ó ô î ê ï ë é ø ð ö ì ì ú õ ê ö ☛✌☞ ✍ ✎✑✏ ✏ ✒ ☞ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✕ ✖ ✗ ✔ ✕ ✘ ✙ ✚ ✛✜✣✢ ✤ ✔ ✥ ✕ ✦ ✔ ✥ ✛★✧ ✙ ✢ ✜ ✤ ✜ ✙ ✥ ✩ ✦ ✔ ✢ ✖ ✗ ✦ ✩ ✦ ✥ ✤ ✢
SLIDE 11 Side Interesting Questions
✪✬✫ ✭ ✮ ✯ ✮ ✮ ✰ ✱✲✫ ✳ ✴ ✵ ✮ ✶ ✷✸ ✶ ✮ ✹✲✺ ✸ ✻ ✴ ✵✽✼ ✫ ✾ ✻ ✵ ✴ ✿ ✼ ✸ ✷ ❀❁ ✸ ❂ ✴ ✮ ✼ ✭ ✫ ✵ ✾ ✸ ✻ ✴ ❃ ❄ ❅ ❆✲❇ ❇ ❈ ❆ ❉❋❊ ❅ ❆ ❇ ❈ ❅
❊ ❅ ❈ ❈ ❊ ❇ ❅ ❈ ■ ❄ ❇ ❊ ❇
❈ ❏ ❄ ❑ ❊ ▲ ❉
❄ ▼ ◆P❖ ◗ ❈ ❘ ✿ ✴ ✸ ✳ ✼ ✺ ✮❙ ✸ ✴ ✾ ✵ ✾❚✸ ✻ ✾ ✴ ❯ ✻ ✸ ✯ ✻❲❱ ✺ ✫ ✻ ✯ ✮ ✶ ✮ ✵ ✮ ✺ ✵ ✾ ✻ ✶ ✾ ✭ ✾ ✶ ✳ ✫ ✹ ✴ ✸ ✳ ✼ ✺ ✮ ✴ ❂ ✳ ✼ ✼ ✾ ✮ ✶ ✾ ✻ ✵ ✱ ✮ ❳ ❘ ❨ ❩ ❂ ✾ ✻ ✫ ✼ ❬ ✿ ✸ ✼ ✮❭ ✼ ✸ ✳ ✻ ✶ ❃ ❪ ❫ ❴ ❵ ❛ ❜ ❵ ❵ ❫ ❪ ❴ ❝ ❞ ❫ ❡ ❢ ❜ ❝ ❴ ❣ ❢ ❫ ❣ ❤ ✐ ❞ ❜ ❵❚❥ ❢ ❣ ✐ ❫ ❛ ❝ ❫ ❦♠❧ ❵ ❫ ❝ ❢ ❤ ✐❚♥ ❜ ❣ ✐ ❢ ❝ ♦ ✫ ✻ ✯ ✮ ✺ ✸ ✻ ✴ ✵✽✼ ✫ ✾ ✻ ✵ ✱ ✮ ✺ ✸ ✷ ❙ ✫ ✺ ✵q♣ ✸ ❂ r ✮ ✺ ✵ s ❙ ✼ ✸ ❭ ✮ ✻ ✾ ✵ ✸ ✼ ✷✫ ✴ ✴ ✼ ✮ ✹ ✫ ✵ ✾ ✸ ✻ ❃ ❩ ✼ ✮ ✵ ✱ ✮ ✼ ✮ ✴ ✸ ✳ ✼ ✺ ✮ ✴ ✶ ✮ ✵ ✮ ✺ ✵ ✫ ❂ ✹ ✮ ❂ ❬ ❂ ✸ ✵ ✱ ❳ ❘ ❨ ❩ ✫ ✻ ✶ ❳ ❘ t✉ ❃ ❪ ✈ ❜ ❞ ❜ ❣ ❢ ❞ ✈ ❢ ✐ ❣ ❥ ❣ ❫ ❥ ❢ ❣ ❞ ✐ ❢ ❝ ✇ ✈ ❫ ❪ ❜ ❣ ❢ ❞ ✈ ❢ ① ❦ ❫ ❣ ❡ ❢ ❛ ✇ ❪ ✈ ❜ ❞ ② ❝ ❞ ✈ ❢ ✐ ❣ ❣ ❢ ❵ ❜ ❞ ✐❋③ ❢ ❦ ❫ ❣ ❡ ❜ ❞ ✐ ❫ ♥ ❦ ❣ ❢ ④ ❴ ❢ ♥ ❧ ① ✇ ❘ ✿ ⑤⑥ ♣ ⑤ ⑥ ✷ ✮ ✼ ❭ ✮ ✼ ✴ ✫ ✼ ✮ ❨ ⑦ ⑧ ❬ ❙ ✮ ❘ ✫ ❙ ✼ ✸ ❭ ✮ ✻ ✾ ✵ ✸ ✼ ✴ ❱ ✺ ✸ ✳ ✹ ✶ ✯ ✮ ✮ ✭ ✮ ✼ ❙ ✼ ✮ ✶ ✾ ✺ ✵ ✫ ❨ ⑦ ❘ ✫ ✮ ✭ ✮ ✻ ✵ ❃
