Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 1
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 Briefing to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 Briefing to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 Briefing to Analysts & Fund Managers by Dato Mohd Razif Abd. Kadir Deputy Governor 23 March 2011 1 Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 Stability of the financial
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 2
Stability of the financial sector was preserved throughout 2010
- strong fundamentals contributed towards efficient financial intermediation
- orderly and efficient conditions in financial markets, and payments and
settlements systems facilitated trade and domestic activities
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 3
Financial system continues to be resilient
- Strong capital and liquidity buffers
- Improved profitability
- High asset quality
- Have capacity to withstand
extreme macroeconomic and financial conditions
Banking Sector (%) 2009 Jan’11 Capital Adequacy
Risk-Weighted Capital Ratio Core Capital Ratio Capital Buffer (RM bil)
15.4 13.8 64.6 14.1 12.4 60.5 Profitability
Return on Assets Return on Equity
1.2 14.0 1.8 19.7 Asset Quality
Net Non Performing Loan* Ratio
1.8 2.2 Liquidity Position
Liquidity buffer (<1 mth, % of deposits)
18.2 14.8 Insurance/Takaful Sector (%) 2009 2010 Capital Adequacy
Capital Adequacy Ratio^ Capital Buffer^ (RM bil)
225.7 18.6 224.6 18.6 Profitability
Profit Before Tax (RM bil)
14.7 16.3
* 2011 position based on impairment methodology ^ Conventional industry only
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 4
Banking system recorded RM22.8 bil in pre-tax profit
Conventional Banking System 2010 RM bil 2010 growth
Net interest income 27.5 +15.8% Fee/Commission-based income 8.1 +11.2% Net trading & investment gains 7.4 +62.4% Staff cost and overheads 20.2 +14.4% Pre-tax profit 19.7 +37.1%
Islamic Banking System 2010 RM bil 2010 growth
Net income 6.8 +12.2% Fee/Commission-based income 0.7 +13.7% Net trading & investment gains 0.4 +17.8% Staff cost and
- verheads
3.6 +56.1% Pre-tax profit 3.1 +16.9%
Conventional banking system: PBT of RM19.7 billion Islamic banking system: PBT of RM3.1 billion
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 5
Life insurance & family takaful: Excess
- f income over outgo of RM14.1 bil
I nsurance and takaful sector registered RM16.3 bil in pre-tax profit
2010 Life Insurance Family Takaful Total RM bil growth RM bil growth RM bil growth Net premiums/ contribution 21.9 15.9% 3.3 21.3% 25.2 11.5% Net policy/ certificate benefits 13 9.2% 1.6 75.8% 14.6 14.7% Net Investment income 5.4 10.2% 0.5 42.9% 5.9 11.5% Net unrealised and capital gains 4.2 44.9% 0.01
- 83.3%
4.3 46% Excess income over outgo 12.7 16.5% 1.4
- 15.6%
14.1 12.1%
General insurance & takaful: Operating profits of RM2.2 bil
2010 General Insurance General Takaful Total RM bil growth RM bil growth RM bil growth Gross direct premiums/ contribution 15.2 8.6% 1.4 26.3% 16.6 10% Net claims incurred 6.8 11.5% 0.5 34.5% 7.3 12.3% Net Investment income 0.8 3.9% 0.1 17.7% 0.9 6.2% Net unrealised and capital gains 0.06
- 75%
0.04 96.7% 0.1
- 68.1%
Operating Profit 1.9 2.7% 0.2 12.5% 2.1 3.8%
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 6
Premiums for insurance sector continued to grow, driven by investment-linked and motor businesses
New business premiums for Life and Family Takaful
2.6 2.2 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.3 4.1 3.8 3.5 2 4 6 8 10 2008 2009 2010 RM bil
I nvestment-linked Par-products Non-Par products Annuity
Gross Premiums for General I nsurance and General Takaful Business
6.0 5.3 5.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.2 3.4 3.2 3.0 4 8 12 16 2008 2009 2010 RM bil
Motor Fire MAT Others
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 7
Manageable trend in payouts of benefits and claims
6.8 0.9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H
%
Total benefits payments (Life Insurance) Total benefit payments (Family Takaful) 2008 2009 2010
80.5 70.8 62.5 59.6
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H
%
- Gen. Insurance (Motor)
- Gen. Takaful (Motor)
- Gen. Insurance (Total)
- Gen. Takaful (Total)
2008 2009 2010
Total benefit payments of RM13 bil
- r 58.1% of premium
New motor cover framework that is being formulated to preserve access to affordable motor cover while ensuring its sustainability over the longer term Claims experience in motor continues to remain high
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 8
Continued access to financing by all sectors
- Outstanding banking system financing
grew by 13.1%
– Continued expansion to all segments, including SMEs
- Bank deposits increased by 9.1%
– Loan-to-deposit ratio stable at 81.2%
- Favourable condition since 2H 2010
facilitated fund raising in PDS market
– New corporate debt securities and sukuk issuances of RM76 bil – Danajamin approved RM4.6 bil worth
- f guarantees
Financial System: Outstanding Financing
1,190.2 1,145.1 1,120.1 1,080.9 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Mar Jun Sept Jan 2011
RM bil
6 8 10 12 14
%
Large Enterprises SME Household Others Debt securities Annual growth (RHS)
Banking System: Deposits
1,091.4 1,073.3 1,159.4 1,113.7 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 Mar Jun Sept Jan 2011
RM bil
8 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9 9.2
%
Business Household Others Annual growth (RHS)
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 9
Higher new loans to large businesses and SMEs
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q RM bil Loans approved - Large Businesses Loans approved - SMEs Loans approved - Households
2010 2009
- Outstanding loans to businesses grew
10.1% to RM336.9 bil
– More moderate growth of 2.8% for SME loans – Adjusting for graduated accounts of business reclassification as large enterprises, SME loans had grew by 11.5%
- Bulk of new approvals to:
– Manufacturing (RM22 bil) – Construction (RM25.5 bil) – Wholesale & retail (RM18.9 bil) – Real estate activities (RM18.5 bil)
- Ave. 2009:
RM71.7 bil
- Ave. 2010:
RM85.8 bil
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 10
Overall financing quality remained intact
4.8 3.2 2.2 1.8 2.3 2.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan-11
Increase in NPLs reflect adoption of impairment methodology since FYE 2010
5.4 4.9 2.3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q
%
Large businesses SMEs Households Stable loans-in-arrears accounted for 4.1% of total loans
10 20 30 40 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q RM bil 1 2 3 4 5 % 1-<2 month 2-<3 month 1-<2 month (% of total loans) 2-<3 month (% of total loans)
Increase in NPLs of large businesses amid adoption of impairment classification under FRS139
2008 2009 2010
2008 2009 2010
- New NPLs average at RM2.4 billion a month
- Loan loss coverage at 90.7%
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 11
Margins rebounded on sustained financing activities and lower impairment provisions
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
Net interest margin Gross interest margin (RHS)
Percentage point Percentage point 2008 2009 2010 2011
Net interest margins increased to 0.61 ppts
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 12
Manageable credit risk from business
- sustained debt servicing capacity of businesses
Profitability continues to uptrend despite moderating interest-coverage ratio
5.7 7.5 5.5 9.7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1Q 2009 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2010 2Q 3Q 4Q
%
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Times ROA (Export-related sectors) ROA Interest coverage ratio (Export-related sectors) (RHS) Interest coverage ratio (RHS)
Year Downgrades Upgrades Ratio 2009 23 11 2.09 2010 22 15 1.47 Leverage position sustained <50% (Debt-to-Equity Ratio)
44.5 45.6
20 30 40 50 60 1Q 2009 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2010 2Q 3Q 4Q
% Source: RAM and MARC
Improved downgrade-to-upgrade ratio
*Export-related sectors include timber & wood-based products, textiles & apparels, rubber gloves, plantation & agriculture, packaging materials, O&G, furniture, E&E, chemicals & chemical products
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 13
Rising household indebtedness supported by strong financial buffers…
Household Debt-to-GDP Ratio (%)
75.9 76 50 60 70 80 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Household debt-to-GDP ratio unchanged at 75.9% Household financial assets are 2.4 times of household debts
Household Financial Assets, Deposits and Debts
200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 50 100 150 200 250 300
Financial Assets (LHS) Debts (LHS)
- Fin. Asset-to-Debt Ratio
Deposit-to-Debt Ratio
RM billion %
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 14
Composition of HH Financial Assets (RM1,386 bil)
Savings with EPF 30% Unit Trust funds 16% Equity Holdings 17% Endowmen t policies 6% Deposits with FIs 31%
…and high level of liquid assets, while bulk of borrowings are for purchase of assets
Secured financing constitute 64.9%
- f household debt
Composition of HH Financial Debts (RM581 bil)
Others 10% Purchase
- f
Securities 5% Auto financing 20% Personal use 15% Credit Card 5% Housing loan 45%
Liquid assets accounted for 64.6%
- f financial assets
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 15
Personal financing grew 17.5% driven by salary deduction scheme
Composition of household debts
15% 8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Dec- 03 Dec- 04 Dec- 05 Dec- 06 Dec- 07 Dec- 08 Dec- 09 Dec- 10 Others Securities Credit cards Personal use Transport Vehicles Housing Loans
- Personal financing (PF)
accounted for 14.6% of household debts
– Personal financing by banks grew at lower rate of 13% – Account for less than 5% of banks’ loans – NPL ratio of 2.5%
- Driven by development financial
institutions, cooperatives and building societies
– Approx. 80% under salary deduction schemes
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 16 Household NPLs Ratio (%) 3.2 1.2 2.5 1.9 0.7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2007 2008 2009 2010
Overall Housing loans Car financing Personal use Credit cards Purchase of securities
Household loan quality remained intact
- Debt servicing capacity of
households remains sound
– Delinquencies continued to improve – Banking system gross NPL ratio: 2.3% (2009: 3.1%) – LIAs at 4.7% of total banking system loans
- Banks maintain prudent loan
underwriting standards and risk management practices
- Supported by comprehensive credit
information system and infrastructure
Household Loans in Arrears Ratio (%) 3.9 8.3 5.9 2.8 1.8
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
2007 2008 2009 2010
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 17
Comprehensive and pre-emptive strategies to preserve household sector resilience
Prudential policies
- Loan-to-value ratio of 70% applied
to 3rd housing loans onwards
- New credit card guidelines
- Higher minimum income eligibility
from RM18k to RM24k per annum
- Limit on no. of cards and credit limit
for cardholders earning <RM36k per annum
- Increased risk-weights for housing
loans with LTV >90% and personal financing with tenure >5 years
Intensive supervisory
- versight
Standards on prudent and responsible lending practices
- Suitability and affordability assessments
Targeted financial education programme by AKPK
- Including advisory and support
arrangements
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 18
Ensuring prudent and responsible conduct for retail financing as part of measures to preserve household sector resilience
- Inculcate responsible lending practices by financial institutions in
dealing with retail customers
- Requirements NOT intended nor expected to hamper credit availability
- Key requirements include
– Suitability and affordability assessment – Verification of customers' income – Product disclosure sheet to facilitate informed decision making – Compensation of sales and marketing personnel to take into account fair dealing conduct
- Complete submissions should not result in processing delays
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 19
Key contents of product disclosure sheet
- Borrowing rate, variable / fixed rate, tenure, repayment structure
- Repayment obligation
– Installment amount, total repayment (entire duration), changes to installment amount for 100-200bps increase in borrowing rate
- Applicable charges
– Stamp duty, disbursement fee, processing fee
- Implications of non-repayment
– Late payment penalty, review of borrowing rate, legal implications
- Risk associated with the product
- Assistance and redress mechanism
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 20
Financial markets exhibited enhanced capacity to intermediate larger and more volatile portfolio flows
Volatility of asset prices remained low
90-day volatility (%)
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Jan- 08 Apr- 08 Jul- 08 Oct- 08 Jan- 09 Apr- 09 Jul- 09 Oct- 09 Jan- 10 Apr- 10 Jul- 10 Oct- 10 KLCI MGS (5-year yield) [RHS] Lehman collapse European sovereign debt crisis
Returns-to-turnover ratio was lower, denoting higher resilience
Ratio
0.000 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.020
Jan- 08 Apr- 08 Jul- 08 Oct- 08 Jan- 09 Apr- 09 Jul- 09 Oct- 09 Jan- 10 Apr- 10 Jul- 10 Oct- 10
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 FBM KLCI MGS [RHS]
Ratio
Avg 2010: 0.04 Avg 2010: 0.006
Source: Bloomberg
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 21
Portfolio inflows channeled to more diversified asset classes
Bulk of inflows into debt securities with rising equity participation
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
M J S D M J S D
%
19 20 21 22 23
%
Debt securities as % of outstanding Equities as % of market capitalisation (RHS)
Strong increase in non-residents' holdings of KLCI and CPO futures
15 20 25 30 35 40 45
M J S D M J S D
%
10 15 20 25 30 35
%
KLCI futures as % of number of contracts CPO futures as % of number of contracts (RHS) 2009 2010 2009 2010
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 22
No material changes in risk-taking by FI s
(RM bil) 2008 2009 2010 Dealing Securities 51.7 46.4 69.2 Investment Securities 163.5 199.3 201.6 Shares 1.8 2.2 3.1 MGS 61.4 90.7 84.0 BNM Debt 15.3 14.0 47.2 PDS 59.2 60.1 59.9 (RM bil) 2008 2009 2010 Investment Securities 72.2 87.8 101.7 Shares 12.4 20.0 21.3 MGS 16.2 15.7 22.1 BNM Debt 0.09 0.02 1.23 PDS 43.6 52.1 57.0
- Trading portfolio of banks grew
49.2% in 2010
– Due primarily to higher holdings
- f BNM papers (+237.1%)
Banking System: Securities Portfolio Insurance Sector: Securities Portfolio
- Equity holdings increased
slightly to 16.5% of assets (2009: 13.5%)
- Helps reduce mismatch in
returns
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 23
Rise in market risk exposures of FI s is manageable
Banking system: Market Risk Exposure (as % of Capital Base)
2 4 6 8 Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec
Equity holdings Foreign currency net open position Duration weighted net position (interest rate risk)
2008 2009 2010
%
- FCY exposures edged up to 3.8% of
capital base, more active hedging by customers
– Stable FCY deposits from non-residents I nsurance sector: Components of Market Risk
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 24
Limited impact from developments in Europe and MENA*
- Banks’ exposures at 18.3% of external
exposures or 5% of capital base
– No adverse spillovers from interbank funding strains in Europe – Regional operations of domestic banks’ unaffected due to strong fundamentals
- Counterparty risks to European reinsurers well-
contained
– High net retention ratio of 71.4% – Reinsurance exposures to Europe only 8.5% of total capital available for general insurance
- Under scenario of widespread sovereign default
by GIIPS^, potential credit losses will remain below 0.05% and 0.0006% of banks and insurance sectors’ capital buffers respectively
Banking System: External Exposures (RM bil, % of cap base)
GIIPS (0.1, 0.1) US (0.2, 0.2) Others (2.0, 1.3) Asia (25.7, 17.1) Middle East (2.2, 1.4) Europe (5.3, 3.5) Labuan (5.4, 3.6)
Distribution of Premium Income
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Direct Insurers Domestic Reinsurers Offshore Reinsurers Foreign Reinsurers
* MENA – Middle East and North Africa ^ GIIPS – Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 25
Domestic banking groups have presence in 19 countries worldwide with a higher share of overseas assets and income
MBB, RHB, Public, HL MBB MBB, CIMB, RHB, HL, AM MBB, CIMB, AM CIMB, RHB Public CIMB MBB, CIMB, Public MBB, CIMB, Public, HL, AM MBB, CIMB, Public, HL
Expanded overseas presence of domestic banking groups in East Asia
Malaysian financial institutions have continued to strengthen their regional presence
Intensified domestic competition Rising needs of internationalisation of local firms Greater trade & investment linkages Growth opportunities in new markets Key Drivers for Expansion Abroad
2002 2010
Assets RM3.3 bil RM258 bil Revenue
- 4.3%
16.7%*
* 2009
Enhanced capacity to expand overseas
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 26
Overseas operations remained well capitalised
Banking System: Assets of Overseas Operations (and # of establishments)
20 40 60 80 100 120
Singapore Indonesia China Labuan Hong Kong Thailand Others
RM bil 6 4 3 9 7 2 19 SMEs 39% Personal 6% Others 12% Mortgage 13% Corporate 30%
Banking System: Loan Composition of Overseas Operations
Key Financial Soundness Indicators
RWCR: 11.9% - 33.6% Overall NPL ratio: 3.3% Overall RoA: 1.0%
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 27
I slamic banks: Effective management of displaced commercial risk
- Total deposits grew 15.7% to
RM218.4 bil
– 33% of deposits are mudharabah general investment accounts
- Active management of displaced
commercial risk
– Profit equalisation reserves of RM126.6 mil
Profit Equalisation Reserve
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J RM mil 2007 2008 2009 2010
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 28
I slamic banks: Active management of repricing gap risk
- 63.8% of assets on fixed-rate
- Risks increasingly hedged by
Islamic Profit Rate Swap (IPRS)
- Variable rate financing e.g.
musharakah mutanaqisah (diminishing partnership) and ijarah (leasing) contracts increasing in volume
– Increased by 44.1% to RM58.6 bil
20 40 60 80 100 120 J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O RM bil Fixed Rate Financing Floating Rate Financing
Islamic Banking System: Fixed and Floating rate Financing
2007 2008 2009 2010
Murabahah and BBA 48% Ijarah 30% Musharakah and mudharabah 3% Others 19%
Composition of Financing by Islamic Contract
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 29
Strengthened governance and decision making framework for financial stability
F inanc ial Stability E xe c utive Committe e
- High level committee
established under s.37 of CBA 2009 to review and decide on the Bank’s recommendations to manage risks to financial stability
- Entities outside
regulatory perimeter
- f the Bank
- Resolution of
systemically important financial institutions
- Involves public funds
F inanc ial Stability Polic y Committe e
(within the Bank)
- Maintaining price
stability while giving due regard to the developments in the economy
- Formulation of
monetary policy and policies for the conduct of monetary policy operations
- Risk assessment
- Macroprudential responses
- Microprudential responses
- Supervisory interventions
Recommendations with systemic implications
Mone tar y Polic y Committe e
(within the Bank)
Joint meeting for effective deliberation and consideration of macroprudential measures to safeguard financial and macroeconomic stability
Re solution of individua l F I by PIDM
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 30
Foundations for financial stability were further strengthened
Enhanced robustness of risk management, stress testing and capital management More effective governance in financial institutions Strengthened cross- border supervisory cooperation Strengthened prudential standards for I slamic finance Enhanced protection for depositors and policyholders Adoption of more advanced capital approaches under Basel I I
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 31
Share premium 14.6% Ordinary share capital 22.9% Retained profits 19.5% Others 6.1% Stat reserve fund 14.9% General provisions 7.1% Sub debt capital 14.8%
Composition of Insurance and Takaful Sector Capital
High quality capitalisation with > RM80 bil financial buffers
Composition of Banking Sector Capital
Valuation surplus in fund 30% Retained profits 11% Tier-2 less deductions 10% 50%
- f
future bonuses 35% Fully paid up capital 11% Share premiums 3%
More than 70% of the financial sector’s total capital comprise of equity, reserves and retained profits
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 32
Malaysian banking system well-positioned to meet Basel I I I requirements
- Strong and high quality of bank capital
- Minimum liquidity standards have been in place since 2000
– Banks to further strengthen buffers going forward – Currently, banks have liquidity buffer of 14.8% (maturities <1 month)
- Implementation strategy for Basel III to be communicated to industry in 2011
– Consider specific characteristics of domestic market – Minimise impact on bank lending and economic growth
Common equity Tier 1 capital Total capital Leverage Minimum requirement 4.5% 6% 8% 3% Minimum requirement + conservation buffer 7% 8.5% 10.5%
- Estimated current position
- f banking system
9.3% 10.8% 14.5% 5.9%
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 33
Malaysian financial sector increasingly integrated with the global financial system facilitating our economic linkages with the world
Financial Liberalisation Collaborative Arrangements Free Trade Agreements Various Avenues for Increased Internationalisation
- f the Malaysian
Financial Sector Push for areas that can further interests of Malaysian financial institutions overseas Regulatory & supervisory cooperation Capacity building & human capital development Currency swap agreements New players with significant value propositions to contribute to economic and financial development Increased diversity of financial institutions operating onshore Liberal foreign exchange policies to facilitate foreign investment Ensure sufficient safeguards to preserve economic & financial stability + 4 new family takaful licences were issued on 1 Sept 2010
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 34
34
Malaysia maintains a leading role in development of Islamic finance
Malaysia tops global league tables in sukuk equity and fund management
Source: “Gateway to Asia: Malaysia, international Islamic finance hub” by Pricewaterhouse Coopers 2010
…and home to largest sukuk market
Global Sukuk Outstanding by Country* USD148 billion
*Source: Bloomberg Professional Services Terminal, as at end-2010
Malaysia 66% Indonesia 4% Offshore Centres 16% Others 1% Saudi 7% Bahrain 2% UAE 4% Singapore 0.1%
(USD94 billion)
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 35
Outlook for domestic financial stability in 2011 remains positive
- Risks to financial stability largely externally driven
- Pre-emptive measures and strong financial buffers ensure that financial
system is well-placed with capacity and flexibility to respond to emerging risks
- Macrosurveillance and supervisory activities in 2011 will focus on:
– Ensuring prudent and responsible risk-taking and market conduct by FIs – Ensuring resilience and robustness of major payment and settlement systems – Active engagement in global regulatory and accounting reforms – Further strengthening of regulatory laws and prudential guidelines – Promoting closer domestic, regional and global cooperation and coordination
Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report 2010 36