Final Master Thesis Presentation of the Master program in 'Organic - - PDF document

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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320346141 Final Master Thesis Presentation of the Master program in 'Organic and Molecular Electronics' Presentation September 2017

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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320346141

Final Master Thesis Presentation of the Master program in 'Organic and Molecular Electronics'

Presentation · September 2017

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1 author: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Planar DPMs for Organic Solar Cells View project Study of best performance of Organic/Metal Nanoparticle Solar cells View project Luigi Angelo Castriotta University of Rome Tor Vergata

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cicciresearch.it cfaed.tu-dresden.de

Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

27.9.2017

Luigi Angelo Castrio;a

Master Thesis Defence

Supervised by: Prof. Stefan Mannsfeld & Dr. Lucio Cinà

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

CONTENT

IntroducAon

Mesoscopic Solar Cells Perovskite Solar Cells

CoaAng techniques

CharacterizaAon techniques

Results & Discussions Conclusions

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

IntroducAon

Sunlight is Earth’s most abundant energy source and it is delivered free of charge1.

h;p://naAonalacademies.org

1

Human energy consumpAon in 1 year: 1.11x1014 KWh Solar energy supply in 1 hour: 1.78x1014 KWh

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

IntroducAon

Solar energy supply in 1 hour: 1.78x1014 KWh

How can we use sunlight? Solar Cells How do Solar Cells work? What is a Solar Cell?

Albert Einstein Philipp von Lenard

Lenard noAced that the energy electrons produced increased as the frequency, or colour, of the light increased.

1902

Einstein realized that light must contain packets, or quanta, which are quanAAes, of energy called photons.

1905 1887

Hertz observed for the first Ame and published observaAons on the photoelectric effect.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz

Photoelectric Effect A photovoltaic device that converts light energy into electrical energy

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

IntroducAon

Reported Ameline of solar cell energy conversion efficiencies since 1976 from the NaAonal Renewable Energy Laboratory

  • Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 1700731

Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

Mesoscopic Solar Cells

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Mesoscopic Solar Cells Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs)

All solar cells that are based on a nanoporous, or mesoporous semiconductor

Dye Sensi3zed Solar Cells (DSCs)

SchemaAc representaAon of DSCs SchemaAc representaAon of classic PSCs

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite

Lev Perovski

is a calcium Atanium oxide mineral composed of calcium Atanate (CaTiO3), it lends its name to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO3

CaTiO3 mineral

The general chemical formula for perovskite compounds is ABX3, where 'A' and 'B' are two caAons of very different sizes, and X is an anion that bonds to both.

SchemaAc representaAon of a perovskite compound

Different structures of perovskite depending on the value of tolerance factor t

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite

Lev Perovski

is a calcium Atanium oxide mineral composed of calcium Atanate (CaTiO3), it lends its name to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO3

CaTiO3 mineral

The general chemical formula for perovskite compounds is ABX3, where 'A' and 'B' are two caAons of very different sizes, and X is an anion that bonds to both.

SchemaAc representaAon of a perovskite compound

Different structures of perovskite depending on the value of tolerance factor t

Tolerance and octahedral factor of different Perovskite materials used in solar cells. Nature Photonics 2014, 8, 506-514.

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells

Device architecture of mesoporous (a), regular (b) and inverted (c) PSCs. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 11462-11482. Energy levels for different materials acAng as ETM (lec), absorbers (middle) and HTM (right). Materials Today, 2-2014, Vol.17, 1.

Picture take from the Okinawa InsAtute of Science and Technology, h;ps://groups.oist.jp/

SoluAon processing, excellent charge mobiliAes, small exciton binding energy Stability, Device structure (Interface engineering), Scalability, toxicity Si GaAs

Organic

Materials

ü Indirect band-gap, phonon assisted ü μm range visible light ü Thick solar cells ü No light emission ü Direct band-gap ü Excitonic effect at absorpAon edge ü Good light ü Localized states ü Excitonic effect ü Large absorpAon ü Efficient carrier recombinaAon

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells

Device architecture of mesoporous (a), regular (b) and inverted (c) PSCs. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 11462-11482. Energy levels for different materials acAng as ETM (lec), absorbers (middle) and HTM (right). Materials Today, 2-2014, Vol.17, 1.

Picture take from the Okinawa InsAtute of Science and Technology, h;ps://groups.oist.jp/

SoluAon processing, excellent charge mobiliAes, small exciton binding energy Stability, Device structure (Interface engineering), Scalability, toxicity Si GaAs

Organic

Materials

ü Indirect band-gap, phonon assisted ü μm range visible light ü Thick solar cells ü No light emission ü Direct band-gap ü Excitonic effect at absorpAon edge ü Good light ü Localized states ü Excitonic effect ü Large absorpAon ü Efficient carrier recombinaAon

Perovskite

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

CoaAng Techniques

Coa3ng Techniques

  • Blade coater
  • Spin coater
  • Screen Printer
  • Charon
  • Slot die coater
  • Spray coater
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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

CharacterizaAon

techniques

Characteriza3on techniques

  • Confocal Microscopy
  • Light Beam Induced Current (LBIC)
  • Profilometer
  • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
  • Solar Simulator
  • UV-Vis Spectroscopy

ü Film uniformity ü Device uniformity ü Film thickness ü Device thickness ü IV CharacterisAcs

PbI2 layer made by Charon

Scheme of film characterizaAon

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Results & Discussions

Large Area Devices 5x5cm modules 10x10cm modules Results & Discussions

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Results & Discussions

Large Area Devices

12 spin coater

spin coater

CHARON

Perovskite OpAmizaAon

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Results & Discussions

5x5cm modules

CHARON

CHARON

spin coater

No treatment Spiro-MeOTAD opAmizaAon

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Results & Discussions

5x5cm modules

14

SPIN

CHARON

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Results & Discussions

10x10cm modules

CHARON

CHARON

CHARON

Perovskite OpAmizaAon

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Results & Discussions

10x10cm modules

CHARON

CHARON

CHARON

TiO2 OpAmizaAon

The remaining steps in the device fabricaAon have been made by Fabio Ma;eocci, Luigi Vesce and Alessandro Palma from the Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (C.H.O.S.E.) in Rome, the electro-opAcal characterizaAon is sAll under analysis (update of September 26th .

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Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

Conclusions

CONCLUSIONS

  • The use of an automated blade coater (Charon), built by Cicci Research s.r.l., allows an easy scale-

up of the deposiAon area. By using Charon, Mesoporous TiO2, Perovskite and Spiro-MeOTAD layers have been opAmized in the overall process flow of the device fabricaAon.

  • From the device characterisAcs, a PCE of 13.8% was obtained for a 1cm2 cell, while 14cm2 modules

showed a remarkable PCE of 13.1%, overcoming the previous record2.

2 Journal of Power Sources 2015, 277, 286-291

  • The correlaAon between deposiAon and drying is fundamental for large area devices and the use of

an automated blade coater (Charon) allows to achieve great results in terms of uniformity of films.

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Thank you to Dr. Lucio Cinà & Professor Stefan Mannsfeld. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to Aldo Di Carlo, Fabio Ma;eocci, Luigi Vesce & Alessandro Palma. Thank you to Babak Taheri, Stefania Cacovich, Paolo Mariani, Eliana Del Bianco.

Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

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Thank you for your a;enAon

Advanced Design and electro-op3cal Characteriza3on of Mesoscopic Solar Cells

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