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2/4/09 1 BML-Related Research in Germany presented at the GMU Battle Management Language Symposium 2009 George Mason University Dr. Ulrich Schade Dr. Eckehard Neugebauer FGAN-FKIE IABG GERMANY GERMANY schade@fgan.de

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BML-Related Research in Germany

  • Dr. Ulrich Schade

FGAN-FKIE GERMANY schade@fgan.de

presented at the GMU Battle Management Language Symposium 2009 George Mason University

  • Dr. Eckehard

Neugebauer

IABG GERMANY neugebauer@iabg.de

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Content

  • 1. An overview of BML-related research in Germany
  • 2. Grammar extensions

for communication in Complex Endeavors

  • 3. Grammar extensions

for communicating Geo-Information

  • 4. Conclusions

FGAN FGAN

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BML-related research in Germany coordinated by the Federal Office of the Bundeswehr for Information Management and Information Technology Modeling and Simulation Branch POC: Major Thomas Orichel

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BML-related research in Germany Contributions to NATO RTO MSG 048 “Coalition BML” Command and Control Lexical Grammar (C2LG) developed in cooperation with especially with

  • Dr. Michael R. Hieb

The C2LG defines a BML that allows expressing orders (assignment of tasks to units + command intent), requests and reports.

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BML-related research in Germany Command and Control Lexical Grammar (C2LG) The BML defined by the C2LG allows users to formulate

  • rders, requests and reports taking advantage of their

military knowledge. Example: A orders B to occupy a specific building:

  • ccupy A B Building2109 at Melkar Square

start at now label-r-4828;

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BML-related research in Germany Contributions to NATO RTO MSG 048 “Coalition BML”

  • Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2008). A linguistic basis for multi-agency coordination. 13th ICCRTS, June 2008,

Bellevue, WA.

  • Hieb, M.R. & Schade, U. (2008). Applying a Formal Language of Command and Control for Inter-operability

between Systems. AFCEA-GMU C4I Center Symposium „Critical Issues in C4I“. Fairfax, VA.

  • Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2007). Improving Planning and Replanning: Using a Formal Grammar to Automate

Processing of Command and Control Information for Decision Support. The International C2 Journal, 1(2), 69-90.

  • Hieb, M.R. & Schade, U. (2007). Formalizing Command Intent Through Development of a Command and

Control Grammar. 12th ICCRTS. Newport, RI.

  • Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2007). Battle Management Language: A Grammar for Specifying Reports. 2007

Spring SIW (= Paper 07S-SIW-036). Norfolk, VA.

  • Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2006). Development of Formal Grammars to Support Coalition Command and

Control: A Battle Management Language for Orders, Requests, and Reports. 11th ICCRTS. Cambridge, UK.

  • Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2006). Formalizing Battle Management Language: A Grammar for Specifying
  • Orders. 2006 Spring SIW (= Paper 06S-SIW-068). Huntsville, AL.

some papers about C2LG

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BML-related research in Germany Contributions to NATO RTO MSG 048 “Coalition BML” Orders, requests, and reports that follow the C2LG can be formulated with the help of the C2LG-GUI. This GUI has been connected to the Dutch C2 system ISIS and the Norwegian C2 system NORTaC for the MSG 048 demonstrations presented at I/ITSEC 07 and I/ITSEC 08 in Orlando, Florida.

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C2LG-GUI – snapshot

BML-related research in Germany

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BML-related research in Germany Contributions to NATO RTO MSG 048 “Coalition BML” C2LG-GUI

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BML-related research in Germany Contributions to NATO RTO MSG 048 “Coalition BML” Papers about the I/ITSEC presentations:

  • De Reus, N., de Krom, P., Pullen, M. & Schade, U. (2008). BML – Proof of Principle and Future
  • Development. I/ITSEC, December 2008, Orlando, FL.
  • Pullen, M., Hieb, M.R., Schade, U., Rein, K., Frey, M. & Orichel, T. (2008). Enabling the MSG-048

Multinational Demonstration 2007 with the Command and Control Lexical Grammar and JBML Web Services. NATO MSG Conference, October 2008, Vancouver, Canada.

  • De Reus, N., De Krom, P., Mevassvik, O.M., Alstad, A., Sletten, G., Schade, U. & Frey, M. (2008).

BML-enabling of national C2 systems for coupling to Simulation. Spring SIW (= Paper 08S-SIW-095), April 2008, Providence, RI.

  • Pullen, M., Carey, S., Cordonnier, N., Khimeche, L., Schade, U., de Reus, N., LeGrand, G.,

Mevassvik, O.M., Cubero, S.G., Gonzales Godoy, S., Powers, M. & Galvin, K. (2008). NATO MSG-048 Coalition Battle Management Language Initial Demonstration. Spring SIW (= Paper 08S-SIW-082), April 2008, Providence, RI.

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BML-related research in Germany The Fraunhofer institute IAIS developed a multi-agent simulation system (ITSimBw). A version of BML based on the C2LG was used in this system for inter-agent communication. Advantage: Simulated units (agents) can easily be substituted by real units (and vice versa) without changing their communication behavior.

Hügelmeyer, P., Schade, U. & Zöller, T. (2007). Application of BML to inter-agent communication in the ITSimBw simulation

  • environment. In: Henderson, S.G., Biller, B., Hsieh, M.-H., Shortle, J., Tew, J.D.

& Barton, R.R. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2007 Winter Simulation Conference, December 2007, Washington, DC.

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BML Projects in Germany There are three more projects in progress that include BML aspects:

  • in National Project VSimFü C2LG is used to task

Simulated Units for Future Concept Development

  • in Coalition Project COMELEC C2LG is used to task

French and German Simulated Units

  • in National Project AUGE C2LG is used as a

representation language for the analysis of HUMINT Reports

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BML Projects in Germany Project VSimFü

POC: Dr. Probst Bodo.Probst@esg.de

C2LG-GUI

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BML Projects in Germany German Contributions to Project COMELEC (2009)

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BML Projects in Germany Project Report

Header Topic Content Content in BML

Threat Model Indicators Analyst’s Interface Threat Recognizer

FGAN e.V.

POC: Mr. Ziegler ZieglerJ@iabg.de

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Purely Military Communications do not work in a Complex Endeavor. In a military operation, orders are used to assign tasks to subordinate units. “Order” incorporates the meaning that the one who gives the order can expect the one who receives it will execute it without question. In the context of a Complex Endeavor,

  • rders cannot be used to assign tasks

to other organizations. Grammar Extensions for Complex Endeavors

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A Directive is a speech act that has the purpose

  • f having the receiver perform a task.

Directives Orders typical for military operations Taskings typical for complex endeavors Requests typical for complex endeavors

also

Pleas Challenges Grammar Extensions for Complex Endeavors

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Orders : The right to direct the receiver results from military

  • rganizational hierarchy. (The receiver is subordinate to the sender.)

Tasking: The right to direct the receiver results from some

  • rganizational hierarchy. (The sender coordinates the endeavor.)

Requests: The right to direct the receiver does not result from a

  • rganizational hierarchy, but derives from the common intent.

The requested action would help to achieve a common goal (as agreed upon in the common intent). Grammar Extensions for Complex Endeavors

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Orders The recipient of an order executes the ordered task without question. Taskings / Requests The recipient of a request may not execute the requested

  • task. However, the requester needs to know whether

the requested task will be executed. Thus, the receiver of a request must confirm that the request was received and – if the receiver will execute the requested task – he has to commit himself to do so. Grammar Extensions for Complex Endeavors

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To handle the communication between Military Organizations, Civil Organizations and NGOs, the language (BML) must include Confirmations and Commissives / Declinations. These types of expressions serve as coordination tools in the multi-agent context of Complex Endeavors. Grammar Extensions for Complex Endeavors

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Example: A → B tasking: evacuate A B Building2109 at Melkar Square start at now […] label-r-4828; B → A tasking-confirmation: label-r-4828; commission: evacuate B Building2109 at Melkar Square start at now […] regarding label-r-4828 label-com-4835; [declination: label-r-4828;] Grammar Extensions for Complex Endeavors

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Papers about the C2LG adaptation for Complex Endeavors:

  • Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2008). A Linguistic Basis for Multi-Agency Coordination.

13th ICCRTS, June 2008. Bellevue, WA.

  • Hieb, M.R., Kleiner, M., Carey, S. & Schade, U. (2009). Characterizing Doctrine through

a Formalization of C2 Processes. Paper submitted to the 14th ICCRTS, June

  • 2009. Washington, DC.

Grammar Extensions for Complex Endeavors

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The GeoBML process determines Tactical Spatial Objects (TSO). There are several situations in which these TSO have to be

  • communicated. For example:
  • 1. Information Sharing

Informs about the existence of the TSO.

  • 2. Reference:

Designating the TSO in a Directive.

Developing Grammar Extensions for Communicating GEO-Information

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Tactical Spatial Objects (TSO) Information Sharing Suggested Format: doctrinal statement: Sender TSO TSO-type TSO-ID Label Example:

doctrinal statement: PzGrenBde37 TSO CheckPoint Pi label-ds-17;

More information about Pi will be in the database. The ID Pi can be hyperlinked to that information.

Developing Grammar Extensions for Communicating GEO-Information

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Tactical Spatial Objects (TSO) Reference Suggested Format:

C_S → TSO-type TSO-ID Owner [User] StartWhen (EndWhen) Label

Example:

area of interest Alpha PzGrenBde37 PzGrenBtl372 start at TP1 label-tso-29;

Again, more information about Alpha will be in the database. The statement is mostly about when the TSO is to be used by whom.

Developing Grammar Extensions for Communicating GEO-Information

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Germany is using BML (C2LG) in many different projects for representing Orders and Reports. FGAN is developing infrastructure for NATO MSG 048 and collaborating with IABG on several Projects. Several other organizations in Germany are also involved in BML Projects. FGAN has a continuing research initiative with GMU to develop Formal Languages for BML. Conclusions

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Thanks for Your Attention ! Questions and Comments are appreciated.

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The language the C2LG defines can easily be complemented with means to

  • communicate Command Intent;
  • communicate in a complex endeavor

including means for turn taking, e.g., confirmations and commitments;

  • communicate geo-information

including means for introducing, exchanging, and ordering Tactical Spatial Objects. Conclusions