Fall 2013 GLS102 Comparative Government & Politics Fall 2013 2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fall 2013 GLS102 Comparative Government & Politics Fall 2013 2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fall 2013 GLS102 Comparative Government & Politics Fall 2013 2 Worldview; 19 th century; Production system: economic system = political Class struggle: bourgeoisie proletariat End of private property;

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Fall 2013

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GLS102 Comparative Government & Politics Fall 2013

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ž Worldview; ž 19th century; ž Production system: economic system = political ž Class struggle:

bourgeoisie proletariat

ž End of private property; ž Collectivity & equality:

“fro rom ea each accord rding to his abilities es, to ea each accord rding to his need eeds .”

ž Through synthesis

revolution

ž Terminology: communism, socialism, social

democracy, capitalism, liberalism

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ž USSR (1917 - 1991):

Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Gorbatsjov Eastern European hemisphere (1989).

ž China (1949) Mao, Deng ž Asian hemisphere (N. Korea, Laos,

Vietnam).

ž Cuba (1959).

1980s: 1/3 of the world population: Note: not in the most industrialized countries

  • f the world.

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ž Political regime:

  • Dominated by the

communist party;

  • System of co-optation

and corporatism.

ž Civil society è limited:

  • System seeks to downplay gender, religion, ethnicity.

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ž Political economy:

  • No private property;
  • Central planning instead of market mechanism;
  • Nationalization of means of production;
  • Full employment;
  • State provides extensive public goods…
  • Characteristics of capitalist system eliminated:

– Property rights – Profit – Unemployment – competition

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ž Renewed ‘Cold War’ tension since 1980s ž Political & economic integration too

complex.

ž Reform in USSR (Glasnost & perestroika)

to address economic stagnation leads to increasing opposition to the whole political regime;

ž Eastern European ‘Satellite’ states

experience smooth revolutions (1989). Germany reunites Fall of the Wall

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ž Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam persist; ž And of course China:

  • nly in name?

Strong economic reforms, but oppression

  • f freedom of speech.

Tiananmen Square protest also in 1989

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ž Level of modernization;

  • Economic development;
  • Level of education.

ž Role of elites; ž International Relations; ž Culture;

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ž Political regime; ž Civil society; ž Economic system.

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ž Reform state autonomy & capacity:

  • From authoritarian regime to

– Democracy:

– Presidential system or parliamentary system; – SMD, PR or mixed.

– Illiberal democracy; – Authoritarian regime;

– And sometimes a later transition to democracy (McFaul)

  • (Re)forming institutions;
  • Establishing commonly felt RULE-OF-LAW.

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ž Reemergence of religion; ž National & ethnic identity; ž Freedom to associate; ž Freedom of speech; ž Political participation.

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ž Michael McFaul article

‘Transitions from Communism”

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ž Legacy of socialism and communism in

contemporary society:

  • Why did communist regimes, in general, fail?

McFaul’s 7 conditions applied to the world today

EXAMPLES

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ž Trigger: Fraud – not crisis ž Semi autocratic regime ž Unpopular incumbent ž United opposition

  • Possibility to mobilize the ‘masses’

ž Independent electoral monitoring

capabilities (NGOs)

ž Some independent media ž Splits in elite & security forces

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ž Towards a capitalist system:

  • Privatization: (unknown process):

How to hand over state assets to the public?

  • Marketization:

Create a market based on demand & supply. Different models – live laboratory for economists.

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