F I R E L O G I S T I C S A N D M AT H E D U C AT I O N A Rumpke Public Outreach Program
Welcome Welcome & & I ntroductions I ntroductions
I dentify emergency exits I dentify emergency exits to all participants. to all participants. I dentify location of I dentify location of restroom facilities. restroom facilities. Cover any other Cover any other related site information. related site information.
What will we accomplish today! What will we accomplish today!
What we do in the Fire Service! What we do in the Fire Service!
This is our OFFI CE!
This is our Work!
Numbers? Why
Why Numbers ? • Numbers tell us valuable information: – How much water we need. – The amount of water we are flowing. – The truck pressure required to meet our flow requirements. – The time we have flowed water and the total gallons used. – How to adjust for elevation, plus or minus.
Nozzle Types • Hand line nozzles fall into two basic types: – Smooth bore – straight stream, no adjustment or settings. – Variable stream – choice of straight stream or fog pattern. • The firefighter can usually choose what type based on fire location and size.
Nozzle Force • Nozzle pressures can cause problems: – Not enough pressure can prevent an effective fire attack or get the firefighters burned. – Too much pressure can injure the firefighters from excessive nozzle force. • The best balance is the correct pressure at the nozzle.
Why Numbers? • Applying the correct values or numbers equals success: – Applying the correct numbers into the formulas predicts a successful and manageable nozzle pressure. – This allows the firefighters to move the hose line in a building to successfully attack and extinguish the fire.
Elevation Elevation Pressure Pressure Gain & Loss Gain & Loss
Elevation Pressure Gain & Loss Elevation Pressure Gain & Loss
Pressure Loss: Aerial Piped Pressure Loss: Aerial Piped Waterway Waterway
Pump Discharge Pressure: Pump Discharge Pressure: Fog Nozzle Fog Nozzle
Pressure Loss: Four Hoselines Pressure Loss: Four Hoselines (Unequal Lengths) (Unequal Lengths)
Common Hose Sizes Common Hose Sizes
Nozzle Diameters Common Nozzle Diameters Common
Friction Loss Coefficient Friction Loss Coefficient Single Hoselines Single Hoselines
Variables for Calculating Variables for Calculating Total Pressure Loss Total Pressure Loss • Volume of water flowing per minute; Volume of water flowing per minute; • • Length & diameter of the hoseline; Length & diameter of the hoseline; • • Any major appliances attached to Any major appliances attached to • hoseline; hoseline; • Pressure loss or gain created by Pressure loss or gain created by • elevation; elevation;
Total Pressure Loss Total Pressure Loss
Appliance Pressure Loss Appliance Pressure Loss • 0 psi friction loss for flows less 0 psi friction loss for flows less • than 350 gpm; than 350 gpm; • 10 psi friction loss for flows 10 psi friction loss for flows • greater than 350 gpm; greater than 350 gpm; • 25 psi friction loss in all master 25 psi friction loss in all master • stream appliances. stream appliances.
Types of Appliances
Calculating Calculating Friction Loss Friction Loss Student Activity 1 Student Activity 1
What does What does friction loss friction loss mean to you? mean to you? I s it important I s it important and why? and why?
2 L FL = CQ 2 L FL = CQ Where: Where: FL = Friction loss in psi FL = Friction loss in psi C = Friction loss coefficient C = Friction loss coefficient Q = Flow rate in hundreds of Q = Flow rate in hundreds of gpm (Flow (Flow ÷ ÷ 100) 100) gpm L = Hose length in hundreds of L = Hose length in hundreds of feet (Length÷ ÷ 100) 100) feet (Length
1. I f 150 gpm is flowing from I f 150 gpm is flowing from 1. a nozzle, what is the a nozzle, what is the friction loss for 200 feet of friction loss for 200 feet of 2- -inch hose? inch hose? 2 Please write your answer on the Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we student worksheet as we work through the problem. work through the problem.
Problem 1 Problem 1 2 L FL = CQ 2 L FL = CQ (Q= 150÷ ÷ 100) (L= 200 100) (L= 200÷ ÷ 100) 100) (Q= 150 2 × 1.5 2 FL = 8 × × 1.5 × 2 2 FL = 8 FL = 8 × × 2.25 2.25 × × 2 2 FL = 8 FL = 18 × × 2 2 FL = 18 FL = 36 psi FL = 36 psi
2. I f 400 gpm is flowing I f 400 gpm is flowing 2. from a nozzle, what is the from a nozzle, what is the friction loss for 300 feet friction loss for 300 feet of 4- -inch hose? inch hose? of 4 Please write your answer Please write your answer on the student worksheet on the student worksheet as we work through the as we work through the problem. problem.
Problem 2 Problem 2 2 L FL = CQ 2 L FL = CQ (Q= 400÷ ÷ 100) (L= 300 100) (L= 300÷ ÷ 100) 100) (Q= 400 2 × 4 2 FL = 0.2 × × 4 × 3 3 FL = 0.2 FL = 0.2 × × 16 16 × × 3 3 FL = 0.2 FL = 3.2 × × 3 3 FL = 3.2 FL = 9.6 or 10 psi FL = 9.6 or 10 psi
3. I f 200 gpm is flowing from I f 200 gpm is flowing from 3. a nozzle, what is the a nozzle, what is the friction loss for 150 feet of friction loss for 150 feet of 2- -inch hose? inch hose? 2 Please write your answer on the Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work student worksheet as we work through the problem. through the problem.
Problem 3 Problem 3 2 L FL = CQ 2 L FL = CQ (Q= 200÷ ÷ 100) (L= 150 100) (L= 150÷ ÷ 100) 100) (Q= 200 2 × 2 2 FL = 8 × × 2 × 1.5 1.5 FL = 8 FL = 8 × × 4 4 × × 1.5 1.5 FL = 8 FL = 32 × × 1.5 1.5 FL = 32 FL = 48 psi FL = 48 psi
Calculating Calculating Elevation Pressure Elevation Pressure Student Activity 2 Student Activity 2
EP = 0.5 × × H H EP = 0.5 Where: Where: EP = Elevation Pressure in psi EP = Elevation Pressure in psi 0.5 = A constant 0.5 = A constant H = Height in feet H = Height in feet
EP = 5 × × (No. Stories (No. Stories – – 1) 1) EP = 5 Where: Where: Pressure in psi EP = Elevation Pressure in psi EP = Elevation 5 = A constant 5 = A constant
4. A hoseline operating on the 4. A hoseline operating on the th floor of a structure fire is 12 th floor of a structure fire is 12 connected to the building’ ’s s connected to the building standpipe system. standpipe system. What is the elevation pressure What is the elevation pressure at the base of the standpipe at the base of the standpipe system? system? Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the problem. problem.
Problem 4 Problem 4 EP = 5 × × (No. Stories (No. Stories – – 1) 1) EP = 5 EP = 5 × × 11 11 EP = 5 EP = 55 EP = 55
5. What would be the elevation What would be the elevation 5. pressure loss at the pump pressure loss at the pump for a pumper at the bottom for a pumper at the bottom of a 250- -foot hill supplying a foot hill supplying a of a 250 hoseline at the top of the hoseline at the top of the hill? hill? Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the problem. problem.
Problem 5 Problem 5 EP = 0.5 × × H H EP = 0.5 EP = 0.5H EP = 0.5H EP = 0.5 × × 250 250 EP = 0.5 EP = 125 EP = 125
6. What would be the 6. What would be the elevation pressure gain at elevation pressure gain at the pump for a pumper the pump for a pumper atop of a 150- -foot hill foot hill atop of a 150 supplying a hoseline at supplying a hoseline at the base of the hill? the base of the hill? Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the problem. problem.
Problem 6 Problem 6 EP = 0.5 × × H H EP = 0.5 EP = 0.5H EP = 0.5H EP = 0.5 × × 150 150 EP = 0.5 EP = 75 EP = 75
Calculating Total Pressure Calculating Total Pressure Loss in Single Hoseline Loss in Single Hoseline Layouts Layouts Student Activity 3 Student Activity 3
TPL = FL ± ± EP EP TPL = FL Where: Where: FL = Friction loss FL = Friction loss FL = CQ 2 2 L L FL = CQ ± = Add (+ ) or Subtract ( = Add (+ ) or Subtract ( – –) ) ± EP = Elevation pressure in psi EP = Elevation pressure in psi EP = 5 × × (No. Stories (No. Stories – – 1) 1) EP = 5 EP = 0.5H EP = 0.5H
7. A pumper is supplying 150 A pumper is supplying 150- - 7. feet of 1¾ ¾ - -inch hose with inch hose with feet of 1 150 gpm flowing. What is 150 gpm flowing. What is the total pressure loss in the the total pressure loss in the hose assembly? hose assembly? Please write your answer on the student Please write your answer on the student worksheet as we work through the worksheet as we work through the problem. problem.
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