F.E. Warren AFB Wind Farm The First Air Force Wind Farm in the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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F.E. Warren AFB Wind Farm The First Air Force Wind Farm in the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 18, 2022 224 likes •819 views

F.E. Warren AFB Wind Farm The First Air Force Wind Farm in the Continental US Dr. F. Robert McGregor, P.E., Senior Associate AMEC Kenneth Davis, P.E., Chief of Design 90CES/CECE, Warren AFB Ernesto J. Perez, Contracting Officer Representative

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F.E. Warren AFB Wind Farm

The First Air Force Wind Farm in the Continental US

  • Dr. F. Robert McGregor, P.E., Senior Associate

AMEC Kenneth Davis, P.E., Chief of Design 90CES/CECE, Warren AFB Ernesto J. Perez, Contracting Officer Representative AFCEE

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Project Summary

  • Capacity: 1.32 MW (two 660 kW

turbines)

  • Capital: 2.52 M (Energy Conservation

Investment Program (ECIP) Funds

  • O & M: $25,000/yr
  • Payback: 12 Years
  • Complies with Executive Order 12902

to use “renewable energy technologies”

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Keys to Success

Have a Vision

  • Energy Independence
  • Base Security
  • Economics
  • Green Energy

Know your Resource

  • Getting Started
  • Detailed Studies

Have a Good Team

  • Base
  • Outside Specialists

Know your Values and Limitations

  • Value of Power
  • Site Limitations

Celebrate Success

  • Photo Tour
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Know Your Resource

Getting Started

  • National Renewable Energy

Laboratory Maps

  • Wind Classifications
  • 4 to 5 (Good)
  • 5+ (Excellent)
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Know Your Resource

Detailed Studies

  • Amount of Power in the Wind
  • Wind Data Presentation and Analysis
  • Turbine Performance and Energy Production Estimates
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P = ½ x Da x Vw

3

Where: P = Power in Watts/m2 Da = Air Density in Kilograms/m3 V = Wind Velocity in m/s

The Power in the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed

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Wind Shear: Wind Speed vs. Height above Ground Level

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Warren AFB #2 Wind Data

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

4-Jan-02 14-Jan-02 24-Jan-02 3-Feb-02 13-Feb-02 23-Feb-02 5-Mar-02 15-Mar-02

Date Wind Speed (m/s)

Wind Speed vs. Time

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ECHO 01 WIND SPEED DISTRIBUTION (WEIBULL CURVE) - APRIL 01

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

0-3 mph 3-6 mph 6-9 mph 9-12 mph 12-15 mph 15-18 mph 18-21 mph 21-24 mph 24-27 mph 27-30 mph 30-33 mph 33-36 mph 36-39 mph 40+ mph

Wind Speed Probability

Wind Speed Frequency Distribution

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0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0-3 mph 3-6 mph 6-9 mph 9-12 mph 12-15 mph 15-18 mph 18-21 mph 21-24 mph 24-27 mph 27-30 mph 30-33 mph 33-36 mph 36-39 mph 40+ mph

X

Frequency Distribution Power in the Wind

Wind Power Density Function

0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000

0-3 mph 3-6 mph 6-9 mph 9-12 mph 12-15 mph 15-18 mph 18-21 mph 21-24 mph 24-27 mph 27-30 mph 30-33 mph 33-36 mph 36-39 mph 40+ mph

WIND SPEED

P O W E R D E N S IT Y(W /m

2)

=

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0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000

0-3 mph 3-6 mph 6-9 mph 9-12 mph 12-15 mph 15-18 mph 18-21 mph 21-24 mph 24-27 mph 27-30 mph 30-33 mph 33-36 mph 36-39 mph 40+ mph

WIND SPEED

P O W E R D E N S IT Y (W /m

2)

Wind Power Density Function

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Wind Direction: “Wind Rose”

S N E W

SW SE NE NW

Site Number: 0115 Start Date: 2002-03-01 End Date: 2002-04-30

.14 .14 .12 .10 .11 .15 .18 .15 .18 .16 .10 .10 .11 .12 .12 .11

Percent of Total Wind Energy Percent of Total Time Inner circle = 0% Outer circle = 40% Outer numbers are averaged TIs for that sector

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Diurnal Wind Speed

Diurnal Wind Speed Pattern

Hours Wind Speed in MPH

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Site Number: 0115 Start Date: 2002-03-01 End Date: 2002-03-31

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Wind Resource Evaluation

Site 0115 20M Met Tower Dec 2002 Site 6015 50M Met Tower Dec 2003 ON LOAN FROM WAPA 1 ANEMOMETER – 20M 1 WIND VANE – 20M IN SERVICE DEC 2002 PROVIDED BY DoD-WIDE RENEWABLES ENERGY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM 2 ANEMOMETERS – 50M 1 ANEMOMETER – 40M 1 ANEMOMETER – 30M 1 WIND VANE – 50M 1 WIND VANE – 37M IN SERVICE DEC 2003

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0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Wind Speed (m/s) Airport 10m LT Airport 10m LT 50m WS (m/s) y = 1.3251x + 0.4413 R2 = 0.8665 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0

Airport 10m (m/s) Site WS (m/s)

Correlation with Long Term Airport Wind Data

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Pt/Po (Pt/P 0 ) = (1/2) (1 - (v 2 / v 1 ) 2 ) (1 + (v 2 / v 1 ))

Wind Turbine Performance

= Power extracted / Power in the wind (Theoretical maximum = 0.59)

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Wind Turbine Performance

Turbine “Power Curve”

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Wind Power Chart for Vestas 660

0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

Wind Speed m/s KW

Total KW for 1735 m2 Vestas 660 (advertised)

Wind Turbine Performance

Turbine Output

Power in the wind Turbine Output

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Capacity Factor:

Estimated Production / 100% Production of Installed Capacity = 4400 MWh / 11,563 MWh = 0.38 or 38% (Good) > 40% Very Good > 45% Best

Wind Turbine Performance

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Wind Turbine Performance

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Have a Good Team

  • Base and Outside Specialists
  • Licensing evaluation and strategy
  • Environmental impact

assessment

  • Liaison with electric utility
  • Planning approvals and permits
  • Public involvement program

planning and implementation

  • Site design and layout
  • Site optimization
  • Civil works design
  • Site identification and

assessment

  • Evaluation of wind resource
  • Electrical grid integration and

connection

  • Land use and availability
  • Site assessment and due

diligence

  • Negotiation with land owners
  • Site access
  • Financial evaluation
  • Planning and environmental

approvals

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Have a Good Team

  • Base and Outside Specialists
  • Site supervision
  • Installation and commissioning
  • Operation and maintenance
  • Monitor and report performance
  • Perform routine maintenance
  • Fault diagnosis and repair
  • Liaison with utilities and high

voltage switching

  • Billing for energy produced
  • Regulatory compliance
  • Electrical design
  • Investment structure
  • Develop financing options
  • Revenue projections
  • Financial evaluation
  • Negotiate power purchase

agreements

  • Arrange financing
  • Construction Management
  • Procure equipment
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  • Design: AFSPC open-end contract

Have a Good Team

  • Outside Specialists

with Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL)

  • Construction Contract: procurement

via AFCEE WERC, Request for Information Approach – “ timely selection of most suitable contractor due to successful past performance on wind turbine construction”

  • Construction Contract: AMEC Earth &

Environmental, Inc.

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Know Your Values and Limitations

  • Value of Power

Consume on Base: $0.050 to $0.150 per kWh Sell Excess to Grid: $0.015 to $0.030 per kWh

  • Site Limitations

Minimum Distance from Centerlines of Runways Outside of Glide Path

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

West Tower Location East Tower Location

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour

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Vestas V47 Turbine Specifications:

  • Nameplate Rating

660 kW

  • Rotor Diameter

154 ft = (47m)

  • Tower Height

164 ft = (50m)

  • Swept Rotor Area

18,765 sq ft = (1,735m2)

  • Cut-in Wind Speed

9 mph

  • Cut-out Wind Speed

55.9mph

  • Rotational Speed

28.5 rpm

  • Est. kWh Generated

for 2 turbines 4.4 million kWh/Yr

  • CO2 Offset (Yearly)

6.7 million lbs (3,344 tons)

  • Annual Energy Provided

522 Homes

Economics:

  • Project Cost

$2.52 million

  • Payback period

12 years

  • Lifetime Operational Savings

$3 million

  • Savings to Investment Ratio

1.19

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DISCUSSION

  • Dr. F. Robert McGregor, P.E., Senior Associate

AMEC 303-935-6505 Kenneth Davis, P.E., Chief of Design 90CES/CECE, Warren AFB 307-773-5091 Ernesto J. Perez, Contracting Officer Representative AFCEE 307-773-3468