EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS Agriculture: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS Agriculture: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 14, 2023 351 likes •796 views

EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS Agriculture: Agriculture: impacts on food security impacts on food security Natural resources: Natural resources: water, energy, water, energy, Health Health

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EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS

  • Agriculture:

Agriculture: impacts on food security impacts on food security

  • Natural resources:

Natural resources: water, energy, water, energy,… …

  • Health

Health

  • Social change:

Social change: conflicts conflicts

  • Increasing

Increasing natural disasters natural disasters

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Climate change is unequivocal Climate change is unequivocal and global and global

Frequency of heavy precipitation events increasing Tropical cyclone intensity increasing Extreme temperatures increasing More intense and longer droughts Area of seasonally frozen ground decreasing Glaciers and snow over decreasing Sea level rise Ocean heat content increasing Tropospheric temperatures increasing Surface temperatures increasing UNEQUI VOCAL

IPCC

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HURRICANE KATRINA HURRICANE KATRINA

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HURRICANE KATRINA HURRICANE KATRINA

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CYCLONE NARGIS: FLOODING CYCLONE NARGIS: FLOODING IN OUTSKIRTS OF YANGON IN OUTSKIRTS OF YANGON

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DISASTERS

SUDDEN TECHNOLOGICAL SLOW ENVIRONMENTAL

NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DISASTERS

  • Greenhouse effect
  • Deforestation
  • Uncontrolled town

planning, megacities

  • Drying Lakes
  • Chemistry (Bhopal,

AZT)

  • Nuclear (Chernobyl)
  • Oil spill
  • Desertification
  • Drought

INTERACTIONS COMPLEX DISASTERS

  • Earthquakes
  • Tsunami
  • Volcanic Eruptions
  • Floods
  • Landslides
  • Storms, Hurricanes,
  • Cyclones
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HAZARD

x

VULNERABILITY

=

RISK H

x

V

=

R

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I ncreasing I ncreasing vulnerability vulnerability/ / com plexity com plexity

  • Developm ent

Developm ent of

  • f m egacities

m egacities

  • Grow ing

Grow ing inter inter-

  • connection

connection natural natural / / technological technological disasters disasters

  • Technological

Technological dependance dependance ( pow er, com puters, ( pow er, com puters, com m unication com m unication system s system s) )

  • Grow ing

Grow ing globalization globalization = = grow ing grow ing interdependency interdependency = = grow ing grow ing vulnerability vulnerability from from distant distant disasters disasters

  • «

« I nconceivable I nconceivable » » events events

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BREAKING THE LINK HAZARDS ARE INEVITABLE

DISASTERS ARE NOT INEVITABLE

  • Prevention
  • Preparedness
  • Risk management
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HURRICANE DEAN: CATEGORY HURRICANE DEAN: CATEGORY 2 STORM ON AUGUST 16 2 STORM ON AUGUST 16

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HURRICANE DEAN: PHOTO FROM HURRICANE DEAN: PHOTO FROM ENDEAVOR ON AUGUST 18 ENDEAVOR ON AUGUST 18

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CYCONES IN CYCONES IN BANGLADESH BANGLADESH

Facts Facts: : In 1970, a cyclone In 1970, a cyclone caused caused 400.000 400.000 deaths deaths and and left left 1.3 million 1.3 million homeless homeless Installation of a cyclone Installation of a cyclone early early warning system warning system In 1985, In 1985, thanks thanks to the to the early early warning, a cyclone of warning, a cyclone of same same intensity intensity caused caused a a number number of

  • f deaths

deaths limited limited to 10.000 to 10.000

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CYCLONE NARGIS CYCLONE NARGIS APPROACHING BANGLADESH: APPROACHING BANGLADESH: MAY 1, 2008 MAY 1, 2008: :

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CYCLONE NARGIS: FLOODING CYCLONE NARGIS: FLOODING IN OUTSKIRTS OF YANGON IN OUTSKIRTS OF YANGON

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MYANMAR CYCLONE MYANMAR CYCLONE

  • Inadequate warning and

Inadequate warning and evacuation systems evacuation systems

  • Inadequate advance

Inadequate advance preparations preparations

  • Limited expertise for

Limited expertise for disaster assistance disaster assistance

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West Coast of Aceh (Widjo Kongko, 2005) (after Kameda)

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Barriers to disaster reduction Barriers to disaster reduction

  • perception of inevitability; fatalism
  • prevention measures neglected
  • information about natural disasters and

disaster reduction techniques is not disseminated

  • planning divorced from hazard

management

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Women are more vulnerable to natural hazards Women are key actors in disaster preparedness

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Women constitute up to 80% of refugee and displaced populations In emergency situations women and children make up 70 to 80% of those needing assistance

( (IUCN) IUCN)

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Bangladesh Cyclone 1991 Bangladesh Cyclone 1991

  • Women aged 20

Women aged 20-

  • 44: death rate was 71

44: death rate was 71 per 1000 per 1000

  • Men aged 20

Men aged 20-

  • 44: death rate was 15

44: death rate was 15 per 1000 per 1000 ( (IUCN)

IUCN)

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WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE B Biological iological, social and , social and economical economical differences differences 1.

  • 1. Women have less access to resources

Women have less access to resources

2.

  • 2. Women are victims of the gendered

Women are victims of the gendered division of labour division of labour 3.

  • 3. Women are primarily responsible for

Women are primarily responsible for domestic duties, are caregivers domestic duties, are caregivers

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WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE B Biological iological, social and , social and economical economical differences differences

  • 4. Early warning systems are

Early warning systems are orientated

  • rientated

towards towards males males

  • 5. After a natural disaster, women

women are more are more likely likely to to become become victims victims of

  • f domestic

domestic and and sexual sexual violence violence

  • 6. Migration due to
  • 6. Migration due to climate

climate change change will will leave leave women women behind behind

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TROPICAL CYCLONE SIDR: TROPICAL CYCLONE SIDR: DESPAIR DESPAIR

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Women Women’ ’s role in Disaster Risk s role in Disaster Risk Management Management

WOMEN ARE KEY WOMEN ARE KEY ACTORS IN ACTORS IN BUILDING, BUILDING, SHAPING AND SHAPING AND SUSTAINING SUSTAINING RESILIENT RESILIENT COMMUNITIES COMMUNITIES

Photo Credit: Joanne Omang

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Women Women’ ’s role in Disaster Risk s role in Disaster Risk Management Management

  • Women respond to disasters

Women respond to disasters

Building houses; digging wells and ditches; Building houses; digging wells and ditches; hauling water and building shelters, hauling water and building shelters, considered as considered as “ “male male” ” tasks. tasks. Forming groups and networks which is essential Forming groups and networks which is essential in disaster preparedness and mitigation. in disaster preparedness and mitigation.

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Women Women’ ’s role in Disaster Risk Management s role in Disaster Risk Management

  • Women play decision

Women play decision-

  • making roles in disaster issues

making roles in disaster issues

  • Women

Women and and young young girls girls play play an important an important role role in in their their families families and and communities communities (in (in health health, , education education and and childcare childcare). ).

Posted by Mayan Families; www.mayanfamilies.org/6a61re2.jpg

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Promote Gender Concerns Promote Gender Concerns

Launch global campaign on disaster reduction in which gender is fully mainstreamed Urge governments: policies and strategies with gender balanced approaches Establish focal points to promote gender balanced approaches at all levels

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Looking to Natural Disasters from a Looking to Natural Disasters from a Gender Perspective Gender Perspective

Respond to women's needs and concerns Acknowledge women’s vulnerable status Gender-based approach to the study on natural disasters Assure women’s access to relief resources Strengthen the dialogue within & between communities and the national government & capacity-building Increase efforts in promoting gender equalities Ensure women’s access to policy-making, information and knowledge on disaster reduction

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Good practices and Lessons Learned Good practices and Lessons Learned

  • Hurricane Mitch, Honduras, 1998

Hurricane Mitch, Honduras, 1998 – – “ “Garifuna Garifuna Emergency Committee of Honduras Emergency Committee of Honduras” ” was created to was created to promote women promote women’ ’s leadership in decision s leadership in decision-

  • making

making roles. roles.

  • Indian Ocean Tsunami, India, December 2004

Indian Ocean Tsunami, India, December 2004 – – “ “Tsunami Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes Tsunami Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes” ” were led by women from the communities involved. were led by women from the communities involved.

  • Earthquake, Pakistan, 2005

Earthquake, Pakistan, 2005 – – “ “Potohar Potohar Organization Organization for Development Advocacy (PODA) for Development Advocacy (PODA)” ” promotes promotes women women’ ’s rights following a disaster. s rights following a disaster.

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Fresh water management should take into account the needs and role both of men and women through an equitable approach

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Women and Water Women and Water

They have major role in They have major role in managing managing communal & safe maintaining communal & safe maintaining regulation & control of the social use regulation & control of the social use

  • f
  • f

WATER SUPPLY WATER SUPPLY

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Women: collectors, users & Women: collectors, users & managers of water managers of water

They provide household water They cook, clean & take care of the sick They have vital role in agriculture

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Limited access to energy has a disproportionate effect on women, especially in rural areas.

  • Risk for their health and safety
  • They are not able to perform essential child-care
  • Limits the opportunities for better education
  • Electricity is essential for creating new employment opportunities
  • Energy services enable improved food production and human well-being
  • Energy poverty is a main factor for increased migration

ENERGY IS A KEY FACTOR IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

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DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION

LESS PAYMENT LESS EDUCATION LESS ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES LESS FINANCIAL RESOURCES BEING MORE EXPOSED TO RISKS BEING EXCLUDED OF PLANNING & DECISION MAKING

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The United Nations system engaged in The United Nations system engaged in disaster reduction disaster reduction

World Meteorological Organization

WORLD BANK

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U United nited N Nations ations E Educational ducational S Scientific cientific ( (natural, environmental, social) natural, environmental, social) C Cultural ultural ( (culture, communication, information)

culture, communication, information)

O Organization rganization

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Long Long-

  • term

term Goals Goals

  • Observation and early warning networks of natural

Observation and early warning networks of natural hazards hazards

  • Hazard risk mapping

Hazard risk mapping

  • Disaster

Disaster-

  • resistant building codes

resistant building codes

  • Education for

Education for disaster disaster reduction reduction

  • Help

Help make make schools schools safer safer

  • Promotion of public awareness through communication

Promotion of public awareness through communication

  • Protection of cultural monuments and sites

Protection of cultural monuments and sites

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Hydrological hazards Hydrological hazards

  • Studies of hydrological processes of floods,

Studies of hydrological processes of floods,

  • Design of engineering works for flood control;

Design of engineering works for flood control;

  • Development of a decision

Development of a decision-

  • support system for urban

support system for urban water disaster mitigation; water disaster mitigation;

  • International Flood Programme/Initiative.

International Flood Programme/Initiative.

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I nternational I nternational Consortium on Consortium on Landslides Landslides

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Drought/desertification Drought/desertification

  • The Man and Biosphere Programme

The Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) (MAB).

.