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Evolving adaptive coincidence-detecting neurons W. Garrett Mitchener - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Evolving adaptive coincidence-detecting neurons W. Garrett Mitchener College of Charleston January 10, 2015 W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C) Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 1 / 23 Neurons & action potentials Neurons and action potentials

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Evolving adaptive coincidence-detecting neurons

  • W. Garrett Mitchener

College of Charleston

January 10, 2015

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 1 / 23

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SLIDE 2

Neurons & action potentials

Neurons and action potentials

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 2 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

dendrites soma axon synapse

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 3 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 3 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 3 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 3 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 3 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 3 / 23

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SLIDE 9

Neurons & action potentials

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 3 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 3 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 4 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

K+ Na+ Ca2+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 4 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 5 / 23

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Neurons & action potentials

In: ╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ In: ╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ In: ╌╌╌╌┸┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ In: ╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 6 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Utrecht machine

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 7 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Design of discrete biochemistry

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 8 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Design of discrete biochemistry

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 8 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Design of discrete biochemistry

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 8 / 23

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SLIDE 19

Utrecht machine

Design of discrete biochemistry

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 8 / 23

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SLIDE 20

Utrecht machine

Design of discrete biochemistry

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 8 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Design of discrete biochemistry

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 8 / 23

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SLIDE 22

Utrecht machine

Design of discrete biochemistry

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 8 / 23

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SLIDE 23

Utrecht machine

Design of discrete biochemistry

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 8 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Utrecht machine

Activation array: A[0] = 0 . . . A[3] = 11 . . . A[41] = 1 . . . A[p] = how many molecules of type p Think transcription factors matching promoter pattern in DNA

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 9 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Utrecht machine

Activation array: A[0] = 0 . . . A[3] = 11 . . . A[41] = 1 . . . Input: If input is on then add 8 to A[3]

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 9 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Utrecht machine

Activation array: A[0] = 0 . . . A[3] = 11 . . . A[41] = 1 . . . General instruction format: If A[s] ≥ θ then add 1 to A[pp] subtract 1 from A[pdn]

s p up p down 𝜄 𝜄

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 9 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Utrecht machine

Activation array: A[0] = 0 . . . A[3] = 11 . . . A[41] = 1 . . . Instructions from genes: If A[54] ≥ 2 then add 1 to A[47] subtract 1 from A[54] If A[10] ≥ 4 then add 1 to A[54] subtract 1 from A[3] . . .

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 9 / 23

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Utrecht machine

Utrecht machine

Activation array: A[0] = 0 . . . A[3] = 11 . . . A[41] = 1 . . . Output: If A[41] ≥ 2 then subtract 2 from A[41] turn output on else turn output off

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 9 / 23

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Selective breeding

Selective breeding

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 10 / 23

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Selective breeding

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 11 / 23

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Selective breeding

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 11 / 23

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Selective breeding

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 11 / 23

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Selective breeding

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 11 / 23

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Evolved coincidence detectors

Example solution: Setup

Neuron

3 41

Input

In

Output

1 2

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 12 / 23

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SLIDE 35

Evolved coincidence detectors

Example solution: Everything

Neuron

3 10 41 54 13 15 1 14 11 11 4 4 11 11 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 5 4

Input

In

Output

1 2

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 13 / 23

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Evolved coincidence detectors

Example solution: Basic operation

Neuron

3 41

Input

In

Output

1

Inhibition Activation

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 14 / 23

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Evolved coincidence detectors

Isolated input spike, no output spike

In: ╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌

  • ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 5 10 15 20 5 10 15

  • A[3]

■

A[41]

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 15 / 23

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Evolved coincidence detectors

Near coincident input spikes, output spike

In: ╌╌╌╌┸┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌

  • ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 5 10 15 20 5 10 15

  • A[3]

■

A[41]

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 16 / 23

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Evolved coincidence detectors

Distant input spikes, no output spike

In: ╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌

  • ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 5 10 15 20 5 10 15

  • A[3]

■

A[41]

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 17 / 23

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Hebbian learning

Hebbian learning

Also known as spike-timing-dependent plasticity

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 18 / 23

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Hebbian learning

Hebbian learning: NMDA receptor

K+ Na+ Ca2+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 19 / 23

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Hebbian learning

Hebbian learning: NMDA receptor

K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 19 / 23

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Hebbian learning

Hebbian learning: Double inhibition

Neuron

3 10 41 54

Input

In

Output

1

clogging inhibition unclog receptors unclogging doesn't last

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 20 / 23

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Hebbian learning

Learning eagerness

In: ╌╌┸┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌

  • ●
  • ● ●
  • ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 10 20 30 40 5 10 15

  • A[3]

■

A[41]

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 21 / 23

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SLIDE 45

Hebbian learning

  • ●
  • ●
  • ● ● ● ● ●
  • ● ● ● ●
  • ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
  • ● ● ● ● ● ●
  • ●
  • ●

10 20 30 40

  • 5

5 10 15 A[3] ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 10 20 30 40

  • 5

5 10 15 A[41]

◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆

10 20 30 40

  • 5

5 10 15 A[10]

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

10 20 30 40

  • 5

5 10 15 A[54]

In: ╌╌┸┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌ Out: ╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┸╌╌

Neuron

3 10 41 54

Input

In

Output

1

clogging inhibition unclog receptors unclogging doesn't last

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 22 / 23

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SLIDE 46

Hebbian learning

Contact information

http://mitchenerg.people.cofc.edu mitchenerg@cofc.edu

  • W. Garrett Mitchener (C of C)

Evolving neurons January 10, 2015 23 / 23