Evaluation Ev aluation of of a co a composting posting toil - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ev Evaluation aluation of

• f a co

a composting posting toil ilet et pr prototype ype for p r peo eopl ple e in in sl slum um are rea in in Ind ndon

• nesia

esia

Ryusei Ito*, Mei Tanie*, Ken Ushijima**, Dewi Nilawati***, Jovita Triastuti***, Neni Sintawardani*** and Naoyuki Funamizu*

* Hokkaido University, Japan, ** Hokkaido Research Organization, Japan ** Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia

13th IWA Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems, 5th IWA Specialized Conference on Resource- Oriented Sanitation

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• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Kiara Condong, Bundong, Republic of Indonesia

• Domestic coverage of WC: 87%
• Direct discharge: 53% , Septic tank: 47%

People is satisfied in the toilet

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• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

The reality is:

• Most of excreta goes to the channel
• Installed septic tanks don’t work.

Government and local government has less power to improve sanitation

Value chain sanitation system

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How do we encourage the people to use our composting toilet? Acceptance of the toilet from the people

household Market Farmer Transportation Repository Collector

Fertilizer Compen sate Compe nsate Compe nsate Compe nsate Compe nsate Compe nsate Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer Product Product

• Reproduce of

valuable things from wastes of non value

• All stakeholders

must have benefit.

• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Prototype of composting toilet

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• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Overview of toilet

Urine Used water Solid-liquid separator Toilet bowl Reactor Step

• Feces-urine-water separation system
• Long toilet bowl
• Compact composting reactor with ventilation
• No heater for water controlling
• Automatic system for mixing and closing shutter
• Design based on human engineering

Size: 50cm (w) x 60cm (d) x 60cm(h)

Setting reactor

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Objectives

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 To find points nts and direct ectio ion n for modification ication  To find current ent situation tion of Indonesi nesian an people le around d toilet et  To evaluat luate e of feeling ng on new toilet let

<<Items>> Change of operation

• Operation of lever
• Cleaning every time

Impressions on new toilet by Indonesian people

• Feeling on toilet
• Materials on toilet body
• Feeling on seat
• Feeling on change of reactor
• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Hearing survey

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Survey

• LIPI(Indonesia)
• Mosque in

Sapporo(Japan) Structure of survey ① Personal information ② Questions on practice in current toilet (1) ③ Questions on new toilet (2 and 3) 1. 1.Situat ations ions

• Tools
• Detergents
• Cleaning spots

2. 2.Change ge on operati tion

• n
• Lever
• Every time cleaning

3. 3.Feeling ling on new toilet

• Toilet body
• Materials of body
• Seat
• Changing reactor

Corrosion of materials Scratch on surface Dirty points

• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Results

 LIPI

• Respondents: 8 (staffs in LIPI)
• Female: 25%, male: 75%
• Toilet in house: squatting type

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 Mosque in Sapporo

• Respondents: 12 (Living near

there)

• Female: 33.3%, male66.7%
• Toilet in their country:

Squatting type 83.3% Sitting type 41.7%

50% 25% 12.5% 12.5%

Age distrib ributio tion

20-29 30-39 40-49 60- 41.7% 50% 8.3%

Age distrib ributio tion

20-29 30-39 40-49

• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Results

 Situation in current toilet A) Cleaning tools

• Cleaning toilet bowl⇒Flat blush

B) Detergents

• Contains HCl solution, alcohol

⇒metal materials will be corroded C) Cleaning points

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• Floor
• Toilet bowl
• Foot mark
• Hole in toilet

bowl

Smooth shape for viewable parts Possibility of complicated shape for behind

• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Check points on dirtiness

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• 1. Bad odor, 2. Slime on the floor or wall
• 3. Mould on the floor or wall, 4. Black colored spots
• 5. Wet floor, 6. Remain of feces or urine
• 1. Bad odor, 2. Mould on toilet bowl,
• 3. Remain of feces or urine, 4. Change color
• 5. Others

Forced ventilation can control the problems of odor, mould, slime and wet floor. We need to ask clean toilet bowl every time to avoid remain of feces and urine.

• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Cleaning toilet

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50% 50% 20% 20% 20% 20% 5% 5% 5% 5%

Clea eaning ning freq equency ency

毎回洗う 面倒だが毎回洗 う 時々洗う 洗わない 無回答 Every ry time

Bother, , but clean an every time

Some time Don’t clean No

• answer

Difficult for cleaning every time ⇒Change design of toilet bowl

• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Actions in the toilet

 Actions in the current toilet

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Enter ing （Clean an toilet let bowl） Sit on seat Defeca tion Wash body*1 Flush *2

*2

(Clea ean n toilet let) Leavin ing

Actions in the new toilet

Enteri ng ng Flush toilet let bowl Sit on seat Defeca tion Lever

• pe

pera ratio tio n for flushin ing Wash body Flush toilet let Leavin ing

Order of *1 and *2 depends on people

Changed points  Change of material from ceramic to plastic (FRP) for low cost  Contamination of solid-liquid separator

• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Change in actions

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• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

75% 75% 25% 25%

New opera ration tion

これで良い 難しい

Acceptable Difficult

No problem

Impression on new toilet

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40% 40% 50% 50% 5% 5% 5% 5% よい 受け入れられ る 悪い 無回答 Good Acceptable ble Bad No answer

 Unsatisfaction on size: 70％

• Too big to install in house
• Too big seat

Good and acceptable ⇒ 90％ BUT Some wanted to squat on seat.  Bad color of cover →Yellow: Dirty and garbage

• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Impressions on seat

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• Some feels falling down, although the width is same as

current

40% 40% 45% 45% 15% 15%

Fee eeling ing of sea eat

快適 大きい 小さい Co Comfo forta rtable ble Big Big Small

Improve by adjusting height of step

Conclusion

 Summary ry 1. 1. Situ tuations ations

 Corrosive detergents  No problem on materials  Cleaning visible parts

2. Change in operation

 Some feels heavy for lever

• peration.

 Half don’t want to clean every time.

3. 3. Impress ressio ions on new toil ilet et

 Big size  Bad image on yellow color  Feeling to fall down  Small space for washing body  No touch to compost  No unplug electric cables

Suggestions for next model

 To consider the materials for corrosion issue  To redesign the visible parts for easier cleaning  To consider small body  To change image color  To adjust height of seat and step  To induce sitting deep  To modify connector

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the research institute for humanity and nature (RIHN), Japan. We thank to staffs in the Indonesian institute

• f science (LIPI) for supporting our survey and

to be as respondents. We also thank to Deposit Toilet Project to develop the prototype of the composting toilet.

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• Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Thank you for kind attention.

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