Evaluating playfulness in young children: Test of Playfulness - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Evaluating playfulness in young children: Test of Playfulness - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 04, 2022 313 likes •689 views

Evaluating playfulness in young children: Test of Playfulness (TOP) & Test Of Environmental Supportiveness (TOES) Prof Anita Bundy Faculty of Health Sciences Play is a Paradox Play is the primary Paradox: Statements occupation of

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Prof Anita Bundy Faculty of Health Sciences

Evaluating playfulness in young children: Test of Playfulness (TOP) & Test Of Environmental Supportiveness (TOES)

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Play is a Paradox

Paradox: Statements

that have contradictory or inconsistent qualities.

  • Play is the primary
  • ccupation of

children

  • Play is the primary

means by which children learn

  • Play is a waste of

time

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What is play???

. With the person sitting next to you:

  • Define play in such a way that

the definition separates play from all other activities

  • Fill in the blank: Play is . . .
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Most play theorists agree. . .

  • No one has ever

successfully defined play

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One definition: Playfulness

PLAY NOT PLAY control intrinsic internal motivation free reality extrinsic not free external

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Assessments: Operational definitions

  • How would you know the elements if

you saw them?

– Intrinsic motivation – Internal control – Freedom from unnecessary constraints of reality – Framing

  • Introduction to the Test of Playfulness
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Intrinsic motivation

Engaged Plays for the process (not a reward) Persists Affect

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Internal control

Self Shared Decides Negotiates Safe Social play Modifies Supports Interacts with

  • bjects

Enters Initiates Transitions Shares

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Freedom from unnecessary constraints of reality

Creative use of objects Mischief/teasing Pretends Clowns/Jokes

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Framing

  • Gives clear play cues
  • Responds to cues of others
  • Maintains the play theme
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Let’s Practice: Christopher

  • 2 ½ year old boy
  • Playing outdoors at day care
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Is he playing?

PLAY NOT PLAY control intrinsic internal motivation free reality extrinsic not free external

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Intrinsic motivation

Engaged Plays for the process (not a reward) Persists Affect

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Internal control

Self Shared Decides Negotiates Safe Social play Modifies Supports Interacts with

  • bjects

Enters Initiates Transitions Shares

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Freedom from unnecessary constraints of reality

Creative use of objects Mischief/teasing Pretends Clowns/Jokes

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Framing

  • Gives clear play cues
  • Responds to cues of others
  • Maintains the play theme
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Environmental Support for Play: Introduction to the TOES

  • Step 1: What is motivating the child?

– What does the child get out of the activity?

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TOES

  • Step 2: How well do

toys, playmates and play space help the child to meet his/her motivations?

  • A. Toys
  • B. Playmates
  • Giving cues
  • Reading cues
  • Playing as equals
  • C. Space
  • Amount &

configuration

  • Safe
  • Accessible
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TOES

  • Step 3: Is there anything

you would like to change

– to increase the environment-motivation fit?

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Let’s Practice: Christopher

  • 2 ½ year old boy
  • Playing outdoors at day care
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Environmental Support for Play

  • What is motivating the child?
  • How well do toys, playmates and play

space help the child meet his/her motivations?

  • Is there anything you would like to

change?

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Other Aspects of Play

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How would you assess these?

  • Skills children use in play

– Transdisciplinary Play Based Assessment

  • Preferred play activities

– Card Sort/Interest Profiles

  • Motivation for play

– ???

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Parting Thoughts

  • Play is the most important thing children do
  • Professionals often observe play to learn

about children

  • Be sure you observe what you most want

to observe: that which will teach you the most

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Questions?

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Let’s Practice

  • Kayden with

playdough

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Let’s Practice

  • Kayden 14 mos
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Let’s Practice

  • Kayden feeding

Fowler

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Let’s Practice

  • Josh and Dad
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Is he playing?

PLAY NOT PLAY control intrinsic internal motivation free reality extrinsic not free external

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Intrinsic Motivation

Engaged Plays for the process (not a reward) Persists Affect

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Internal control

Self Shared Decides Negotiates Safe Social play Modifies Supports Interacts with

  • bjects

Enters Initiates Transitions Shares

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Freedom from unnecessary constraints of reality

Creative use of objects Mischief/teasing Pretends Clowns/Jokes

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Framing

  • Gives clear play cues
  • Responds to cues of others
  • Maintains the play theme