ETHNOVETERINARY TREATMENT OF HORSES BY THE GREAT SIOUX NATION - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ETHNOVETERINARY TREATMENT OF HORSES BY THE GREAT SIOUX NATION

Sunshine Claymore, Environmental Science Program, Sitting Bull College, Fort Yates ND; claymoresu@sbci.edu Karen M. Walker, William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO; karen.walker@mobot.org

INTRODUCTION

 Many Native American

ican natio tions ns hold a strong reverence nce for Moth

• ther

r Earth h and all living ing cre reatu ture res s (Gi Gilmo more re 1977). ).

 Ac

Accumu cumulat lated ed knowl wled edge e about ut environm

• nment

ent throug ugh h observat ations. ions.

 Skills develop

• ped

d utili lizing zing surroun

• unding

ding flora a for food, medicin cine, e, homes and nd clot

• thi

hing ng.

 Plant

nts were also used to care e for their r horses and d ot

• ther

r domestic ticat ated ed animals. mals.

CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HORSES AND THE SIOUX NATION RUNS DEEP

 Horses wer

were introduce duced d to the Sioux x People by the Cheyenn nne.

 By the 18

18th

th century

y Sioux ux had become depende ndent nt of horses in daily y lives. s.

 Sunk

nka-wak akan an wa was the name given to horses which means “sacred dogs” (Bonvillain & Porter 1994) 94). .

 Qu

Quickl ckly y adopt pted ed for their r capab ability ility for r tra ranspo sportatio ation n covering ing long distanc tances and carrying ying heavie ier r loads. s.

HORSES REVOLUTIONIZED THE ECONOMY OF THE SIOUX PEOPLE

 Measured a person’s wealth by

the number r of horses a famil ily y had. .

 Ow

Ownership ship wa was a mark rk of pre restig tige and with h this s possessio sion n familie ilies s wer were given respect. t.

 Horses beauty

ty, , strength, th, and d grace wer were honored d in many stories s across s the natio tion. n.

IMPORTANCE OF HORSES TO THE PEOPLE TODAY

 Horses are still used on ranche

ches, s, for memorial ial rides, , horse races, , and duri ring ng rodeos. .

 Most recently

y horses are being used for equine ne therap apy y to assist st in understandi tanding ng behavio vioral ral and mental al disorde ders.

STUDY PURPOSE

 The propose

sed d proje ject t has three main in goals:

 1) Discover

r and document ent nativ ive plant t preparatio arations ns for eth ethnovet eterin rinar ary y tre reatme ments nts used for r horses through ugh a litera ratu ture re review w and intervie views ws from elders and d oth

• ther communit

unity y members. s.

 2) Collect,

, press, , and d voucher r the nativ ive plants nts discus cusse sed. d.

 3) Make this body of knowl

wledg edge accessib sible le to the commun unity ity.

STUDY AREA

 Focus

us on the Lakota

• ta and Dakota
• ta

People of the Standing nding Rock India dian n Reservatio ation. n.

 Today, the Great Sioux Nation’s

territ itory y encompass asses es some 200,000 000 km2

2 includi

uding ng parts ts of South h Dakota,

• ta, North Dakota
• ta

and Nebrask ska a (Minahan ahan 2002). ).

STUDY AREA

 EuroAme

meric rican an coloniz izatio ation n led to the wes westwar ard d migrat ratio ion n to the Pra rairie irie Bioregio region. n.

 Include

udes s mixed ed grasslan ands ds, , river basins ns and occasio ional nal

• utcrops
• ps which

ich covers the central al region of the US and d into Canada ada (Kindsc dscher her 1987, 7, Great Plains ins Flora a Associati iation n 1986). ).

 Sioux

x compose sed d of seven bands. s.

 Lakot

• ta,

a, Da Dakota

• ta and Nakot
• ta

a People

 Slight

ht differen erences ces in language uage dialect lects and geogr

• grap

aphi hica cal l locati tions

• ns.

http://sddial.k12.sd.us/ilc/oceti/members.htm Seven en Bands ds of the Sioux x Natio ion

METHODS- INTERVIEWING

 Prior to the interview, individuals were given an Informed

Consent explaining the project to protect their intellectual property rights as requested in Standing Rock’s IRB.

 Snowball technique to conduct semi-structured interviews

(Bernard 1994; Martin 1996).

 Ga

Gather r information

• rmation re

regarding ding nativ ive plants ts useful l to the therape apeut utic ic treatme ment nt of horses. s.

 Methods of recording include

 Wri

ritt tten n not

• tes

s and audio dio digital ital re recording ding where re appropriat priate and with h permis missio sion. n.

 Invite experts to continue sharing stories about horses and

plants during field interviews.

METHODS- PLANT COLLECTION

 The experie

ience nce in the field helped us under erstand stand cultura urall lly y how to collect, , harvest t and d prepar are plants. ts.

 Pressed

d and vouchered ed all useful l nativ ive plants ts mentio ioned ned in intervie views ws and d literatur ature. .

 Vouchers

s will be d deposit sited d at Sittin ting g Bull College and d the Missou ssouri ri Bota

• tanical

nical Garden. n.

 All nomencl

clatur ature ident ntif ificatio ications ns will be c cross referenced ced with h the Flora of the Great Plains ins.

RESULTS

Scient ntif ific ic Name me Lakota

• ta Name

Use to Treat t Horses es Pediomelum argophyllum Matho thinpsinla Roots used as energy stimulant Oenothera suffretescens Tatawabluska Chewed plant then rubbed on hands to attract horses

Silverleaf scufpea

• P. argophyllum

Scarlet Gaura

• O. suffretenscens

RESULTS

Scient ntif ific ic Name me Lakota

• ta Name

Use to Treat t Horses es Pascopyrum smithii Peji hcaka Excellent forage for horses Gylcyrrhiza lepidota Wanawizi cikala Applied as poultice to sore backs of horses

http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PASM

Western wheatgrass

• P. smithii

American Licorice

• G. lepidota

RESULTS

Scient ntif ific ic Name me Lakota

• ta Name

Use to Treat t Horses es Ratibida columnifera Asampi iyatke Whole plant fed to horse to treat urinary tract infection Dichanthelium oligosanthes Peji wakan Believed to be poisonous to horses

http://www.pittstate.edu/department/herbarium/grasses/Dichanthel ium_oligosanthes_var_scribnerianum_ScribnersDichanthelium.dot

Yellow Prairie Cone Flower

• R. columnifera

Panic Grass

• D. oligosanthes

RESULTS

Scient ntif ific ic Name me Lakota

• ta Name

Use to Treat t Horses es Artemsia campetris Canlogan wastemna Roots pulverized and put on a sleeping mans face so this horses can be easily stolen Yucca glauca Hu pestola Roots burned to allow horses to be easily caught

http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=artemisia+campestris

Field Sagewort

• A. campetris

Yucca

• Y. glauca

RESULTS

Scient ntif ific ic Name me Lakota

• ta Name

Use to Treat t Horses es Onosmodium molle Sunkacan kanhuipiye Used as rubbing solution to relieve sore muscles Echinacea angustifolia Ichape hu Roots burned to ease distemper in horses

http://nativeplantwildlifegarden.com/uncommon-places/image-4-onosmodium-molle-var-molle-nb/

False gromwell

• O. molle

Echinacea

• E. Angustifolia

RESULTS

Scient ntif ific ic Name me Lakota

• ta Name

Use to Treat t Horses es Grindelia squarrosa Pte ichiyuha Infusion made to relieve cough Dyssodia papposa Pispiza tawote Infusion made to relieve cough

http://www.nps.gov/wica/naturescience/wildflowers-fetid- marigold.htm

Curlycup gumweed G.Squarrosa Fetid marigold

• D. papposa

Scienti entific c Name Lakot

• ta Name

Use to Treat at Horses ses

Populus deltoides Chanyah u Inner bark used as forage for horses during harsh winter months Liatris sp. Tate e cannuga Roots may be used to increase endurance or in stories

• vercome fear of water

Cottonwood

• P. deltoides

Blazing star Liatris sp.

Scienti entific c Name Lakot

• ta Name

Use to Treat at Horses ses

Juniperus virginiana Hante sa Decoction made from leaves and cones to relieve coughs Astragalus crassicarpus pte tawote Considered to be good medicine for horses

Juniper

• J. virginiana

Groundplum

• A. crassicarpus

 Information found will be shared in printed and electronic

summary forms as a presentation to the public and to the Tribe.

 Study will provide a valuable resource to the community by

compiling information that can be used today and for future generations.

 Community members will have access to the voucher

specimens and compiled interview data for purposes of learning and education.

 As a tool to pre

reserve their r tra raditi itional nal ecological cal knowl wledge dge.

 Encourag

rageme ment nt for the launch nch of new scient ntif ific ic research h project cts and communi unity y activitie ivities. .

 Specie

ies s ident ntif ifie ied d as most important tant to the communit unity y can be target eted d for future ure conservatio ation n and restoratio ation n activit vities.

CONCLUSION

 Plants are still a vital part to the community of Standing

Rock

 The significance of plants extends to the care of their horses.  Horses play an increasingly important role within this society

from their memorial rides to ranching needs or recently equine assisted therapy.

“These horses are a mirror to your soul. This horse will show all the emotions you are feeling”- Phillip Bird Horse

(shown with grandson Urijah Truth, seventh generation descendent of Chief Running Antelope)

REFERENCES

 Berna

rnard, d, H. Rus ussell.

• sell. Resea

search ch meth ethod

• ds

s in anth thropology:

• pology: qua

ualitat ative e and d qua uantit itati tive e approa

• ache

ches.

• s. 2nd

d ed. . Thou

• usa

sand nd Oaks, s, CA: A: Sage Pub ublica cati tion

• ns,

s, 1994.

• 94. Print

t

 Gilmore,

more, Melvin in R.. . Uses es of plants ts by the e Indi dians ans of the e Missouri souri River r region.

• ion. Linc

ncoln:

• ln: Un

Univer ersity sity of Nebras braska Press ss, , 1977. . Print. t.

 Kinds

dsche cher, , Kelly ly. . Ed Edible le wild plants s of the e prairie: ie: an et ethnobo hnobotanica anical l gui uide. e. Lawren wrence, ce, Ka Kan.: .: Un Univer ersi sity ty Press ss of Ka Kansas as, , 1987. . Print

 Martin,

in, Gary J.. Et Ethno nobota tany: y: a m meth ethod

• ds

s manual.

• l. Repr.

. ed. . Lon

• ndo

don n [u. u.a.: .: Chapman pman & Hall, 1996.

• 6. Print.

t.

 McGrego

egor, , Rona nald ld L.. .. Flora

• ra of the

e Great at Plains.

• s. Lawren

wrence, ce, Ka Kan.: .: Un Univer ersity sity Press ss of Ka Kansas as, , 1986.

• 86. Print.

t.

 Moerma

erman, n, Daniel el E. E.. Nativ ive e Am Amer erica ican n ethnobo ethnobota tany. . Portl tland nd, , Or Or.: .: Timbe ber r Press ss, , 1998.

• 98. Print.

t.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

 Gladys

ys Hawk

 Phillip

ip Bird d Horse se

 TC, Ramey,

, and d Manaja a Hill

 Wilfre

red d Jones nes

 Linda

nda Differe erent nt Cloud-Jones Jones

 Ka

Karen en Walk lker er

 As

Ashley Pembe berton

• n

 REU

EU Coor

• rdi

dinat nator

• rs,

s, David d Bogler ler and Sandra ndra Ar Arango ngo-Car Caro

 Missouri

• uri Bota
• tani

nical cal Garden en and Staff

 National

ional Scienc ence Foundati ndation

• n

 Sittin

ting g Bul ull College lege

Leona Many Wounds- Claymore

Great Grandma

QUESTIONS?

Mitakuye Oyasin

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