ESIREIMS E cole nationale S upérieure d’ I ngénieurs de R eims The Engineering School from the University of Reims 3 majors: - Packaging engineering - Energy engineering - Urban and Environnemental engineering
Packaging • Mechanical behavior • Chemical engineering / plastics • Interaction between content and container • Biodegradation Studies and research concerning all aspects of packaging. From the development of new materials for packaging, to the end of their life, through their mechanical behavior during transport.
Packaging - Mechanical behavior • Study of the mechanical behavior of packaging in the global supply chain: - Static constraints (stacking) - Vibration constraints - Shocks - Drop • Modeling of the mechanical behavior of packaging
Packaging - Mechanical behavior • Analysis of logistics circuits, • Development of specific protocols, • Validation of packaging solutions, • Product Fragility Measures, • Shock absorption measures, • Ultra-fast camera tracking, • Drop and shock test, • Design assistance, • Vibration test
Packaging - Mechanical behavior
Mechanical of BioBased Composites Rezak AYAD Professor at ESI REIMS / URCA Research laboratory : ITheMM (Thermal, Mechanic and Material Institut) Team : Applied Mechanic and Civil Engineering Axes : Mechanical of BioBased Composites Research activities : Theme 1 : Durability of Biobased composites Theme 2 : Special finite elements
Theme 1 : Durability of Biobased composites Mechanical behavior in wet environments Static loadings : tensile, bending Dynamic loadings : vibrations (damping study), impact and post-impact Damage evolution Materials : composites with natural fibers (flax, hemp, kenaf, alfa, …) – woven & non woven, short fibers, compounds, …) 8 120 C 110 7 Non vieilli twill 100 Unaged 6 90 woven Absorption d'eau (%) 2 Contrainte (MPa) 80 20 x 20 mm 5 Aged C 2 70 50 x 50 mm 4 2 60 100 x 100 mm B Vieilli 2 50 180 x 180 mm 3 (30 jours) Diffusion suivant z 40 Sorption 2 Modèle de Fick (3D) 30 B curve 20 1 A Stress-Strain curve (tensile) 10 0 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8 Racine carrée du temps ( s 0.5 ) Déformation (%)
Theme 2 : Special finite elements Modelling – Tools development for composites Special finite elements (2D, 3D and shells) Numerical estimation of mechanical properties (ex: Projected fiber approach, see below) 2D – post-processing 3D - meshing 2D - meshing
Packaging – Polymer and plastics • Polymer blends, multilayer materials, composites and nanocomposites based on polymers of natural and synthetic origin • Interactive materials (active / smart) • Plasticized starch-based materials in association with biodegradable polymers (PCL, PLA, polyurethane, ...).
Packaging – Plastics processing • Extrusion (or coextrusion) • Internal mixer • Injection • Thermoforming Pre-mixed Extruded granules foam sheets
Packaging – Plastics processing • Analysis of the coextrusion process (instabilities and interfacial compatibilities) • Development of processes for using polysaccharides (starch, ...) as part of their non-food recovery (biodegradable packaging, ...) • Reactive extrusion: chemical modification, grafting and development of compatibilizers.
Packaging – Polymer properties • Viscoelasticity (DMTA, rheometer...), • Mechanical properties (traction, compression, ...), • Thermal properties (DSC, ATG, DMTA ...), • Physico-chemical properties (morphology, contact angle, ...) • Rheological properties (rheometer, flow index, ...) • Determination of the microstructure of multiphase/multilayer materials (IR-microscopy, image analysis, ...) • Study of interfaces on multi-phase systems • Modeling of the mechanical behavior of materials in a predictive approach.
Packaging – Polymer properties
Biobased or recycled platics Catherine LACOSTE Associate Professor at ESI REIMS / URCA Research laboratory : ITheMM (Thermal, Mechanic and Material Institut) Team : Innovative materials and Process [MaPI] Axes : Processing of BioBased Composites and recycled polymers
Biobased or recycled platics • Starch foams (reactive extrusion, effect of formulation, PLA linen fibers and CaCO3…) • Coloration of PLA with acacia flower • Fibers enzymatic treatments effect on the bio-composite (poly butylene succinate/date palm fibers) properties • Enzyme treated Tunisian Alfa fibers reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) composites: An investigation in morphological, thermal, mechanical and water resistance properties • Composite PE_PP/sludge • Cosmetics packaging recycling (prediction of the yellowing of SAN and ABS during processing)
Lien Verstrepen Incorporation of deinking sludge in polymer matrices from PP and PE. • Large amounts of deinking sludge (DS) are generated in mills producing recycled fiber from recycled paper. These mills remove the printing ink from paper fibers of recycled paper and this process creates a sludge. • Polymer composites had been mixed from DS in combination with PE and PP
Packaging – Interaction (transfer process between content and container) • Study of substances transferred by Wood, Plastics,…. • Study of permeability, diffusion, solubility of polymer materials - Measurement of permeabilities to oxygen, water vapor on flat and transformed materials - Study of interactions at liquid / solid interfaces : measurement of partition coefficients, determination of diffusion coefficients, solubility parameters
Packaging – Interaction • Technics used: – extractions (Soxhlet, Thermo desorption) – identification (GC-MS, IR) – properties characterization (IR, DSC, Permeability, surface energy…)
Packaging Interaction Florence Fricoteaux Associate Professor at ESI REIMS / URCA Research laboratory : ITheMM (Thermal, Mechanic and Material Institut) Team : Innovative materials and Process [MaPI] Axes : Transfer of substances
Packaging – Biodegradation • Development of a method for measuring biodegradability, enabling it to be predicted in a given biotope. – Study of a fast and predictive method for measuring the biodegradability of materials. – Design and construction of an automated device for the study of the carbon cycle and material / microorganism interactions, measurement on liquid and solid medium. – Development of knowledge tools for biodegradation mechanisms. – Implementation of an inoculum standardization protocol. – Implementation of preliminary biodegradation tests of materials in a composting environment. – Development of a landfill test on sites, burial of a range of agromaterials. – Establishment of laboratory / environment transfer equations allowing prediction of behavior in the environment.
Packaging – Biodegradation • Microbiological and enzymological studies. • Identification and characterization of strains and enzymes that can degrade polymeric materials under the action. • Study of the synergistic effects resulting from the combined action of enzymes or microbial strains for the degradation of polymers. • Characterization of the influence of the structure of polymers partially on the efficiency of the enzymatic or microbial attack.
According to European EN 13432 standard Green compost was placed in a closed glass bioreactors for 4 to 5 days at 58 ° C and 70–80% RH for biological activity renewal (CO 2 ) Once the CO 2 level had stabilized, the foam samples were added to the bioreactors and mixed with the activated compost The cumulated CO 2 released by microorganism was detected by an infrared gas analyzer
Environmental Chemistry Emmanuel GUILLON Professor at ESIReims / URCA Research laboratory: ICMR UMR CNRS 7312 (Molecular Chemistry Institute of Reims) Team: Coordination Chemistry Group: Environmental Chemistry Research activities: Fate of organic and inorganic contaminants in the environnement
E c o dynamic s of c ontaminants : tr ansfe r , - bioavailability and de gr adation Inte r ac tio n be twe e n me tal and e me r ging - pollutants Co c ktail e ffe c t on e nvir onme ntal quality - (wate r , soil, se dime nt) Impac t of biosolid spr e ading on pollutants - fate F ate of « te c hnologic al c r itic al e le me nts » in - the e nvir onme nt (Ga, Ge , In, T e , Nb, T a, T l, Pt gr oup e le me nts and r ar e e ar th e le me nts) Multi-sc ale appr o ac h fr o m Me tallic tr ac e e le me nts mac r o sc o pic to mo le c ular Pe stic ide s Phar mac e utic als HAP Nanopar tic le s Mic r oplastic s (fr om pac kaging) …
Packaging – Prototyping • Design, conception, manufacture of packaging, • Packaging graphics, • CFAO Cardboard, • Foam cushioning, • 3D object (machining & 3D printing), • Thermoforming (mold & objects), • Virtual packaging (virtual reality), • Technical drawing
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