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Enzymes!
Biology
http://viewpu re.com/XTUm
- 75-
PL4?start=0& end=0
What does an enzyme do?
Lowers activation energy so that the product can form faster.
Enzymes! Biology http://viewpu re.com/XTUm -75- PL4?start=0& - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Enzymes! Biology http://viewpu re.com/XTUm -75- PL4?start=0& - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Enzymes! Biology http://viewpu re.com/XTUm -75- PL4?start=0& end=0 What does an enzyme do? Lowers activation energy so that the product can form faster. Step 1 Step 3 Products Substrate binds are released and Step 2
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Step 1 – Substrate binds to active site of enzyme Step 2 – Enzyme changes shape causing substrate to break apart (or bond) Step 3 – Products are released and enzyme can be used again
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Enzyme names often end in –ase
- Sucrase – breaks down sucrose (sugar)
- Lipase – breaks down lipids
- Catalase – breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in
cells
- Starch synthase – makes starch in plants
http://viewpur e.com/3Tn- 7JcZJuQ?start= 0&end=0
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Factors that Affect Enzymes
- Temperature
– Too hot: denatures protein structure, enzyme falls apart – Too cold: lowers kinetic energy, enzyme slows down – Optimal temp in humans: 37ºC
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- 2. pH
– Too acidic or too basic can denature the protein structure, changes shape of active site – Enzymes have an optimal pH depending on where they function
Factors that Affect Enzymes
https://vi meo.com/ 86362472
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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjv66SYoJ7LAhX MGR4KHez1CdMQjB0IBg&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Flearn-chemistry%2Fresources%2Fchemistry-in-your- cupboard%2Fvanish%2F8&psig=AFQjCNFN6wFjYVL_Vc6UFl-cb2Bf7Iu5Ag&ust=1456875515003082
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Factors that Affect Enzymes
- If enzyme
concentration is low, the reaction is slow.
- As the enzyme
concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases.
http://www.rsc.org/Education/Teachers/Resources/cfb/enzymes.htm
- 3. Concentration of Enzyme or Substrate
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- As the
substrate increases, the reaction increases, up to a certain point (enzyme is limited).
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/micha el.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lab
- ratory/enzymes/enzymes.htm
http://viewp ure.com/Nd MVRL4oaUo ?start=0&en d=0
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Activity / Homework
- Complete the Enzyme- Substrate
Manipulation Activity
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Enzyme Substrate Complex
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ATP & Energy
Our main energy currency
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- ATP= Adenosine Triphosphate
- Macromolecule: Nucleic Acid
- Organelle: Made in the Mitochondria
- Main Function: Main energy currency in all
living things.
- Comes from: breakdown of glucose
(carbohydrates).
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Structure: Made up of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates
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Differences
ATP ADP
- 3 phosphates
- High energy
- 2 phosphates
- Low energy
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phosphate removed
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- Fats store the most energy.
– 80 % of the energy in your body. – 1 triglyceride ≈ 148 ATP
- Carbohydrates
– Not stored in large amounts. – 1 glucose ≈ 36 ATP
- Proteins
– Not likely to be used for energy
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Review Questions
- 1. The substrate is also known as the _________________ in a chemical
reaction.
- 2. List three ways in which enzymes can be altered.
- 3. Some organisms live in very hot or very acidic environments. Would
their enzymes function in a person’s cells? Why or why not?
- 4. Suppose that the amino acids that make up an enzyme’s active site
are changed, how might this change affect the enzyme?
- 5. What is the main function of ATP?
- 6. How do we obtain ATP?
- 7. Which organic molecule is used by the body as a good source of long
term energy storage?
- 8. Proteins are composed of chains of ______________________
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