ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION A PRESENTATION TO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

A PRESENTATION TO A WORKSHOP ORGANIZED BY MYJ, AT MASINDI KOLPING

(PEDP)

BY CHRISTINE AINABYONA LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (GEOCHEMISTRY/ ENVIRONMENT)

JULY 2015

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• INTRODUCTION
• POLLUTION PHASES

& THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

• SENSITIVITIES OF THE ALBERTINE GRABEN
• MEASURES

TO ENSURE COEXISTENCE OF O & G AND CONSERVATION

• ILLUSTRATIONS
• ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Seismic acquisition maps the subsurface by introduction of artificial sound waves that are

reflected /refracted back in a unique pattern varying with the subsurface rock layers

Seismic is acquired to locate the probable location of hydrocarbons so as to locate

drillable prospects

Drilling ;the boring of a wellbore with the aim of establishing ; the presence of oil and gas

(Exploration drilling),Oil and gas extent and commercial viability (Appraisal drilling )

• Field Development & Production(Soil disturbance, Soil erosion, dust, visual intrusion,

waste accumulation, noise, vibrations, air emissions, water abstraction, drilling impacts)

Pipeline

Transportation (Land & habitat fragmentation, land take, vegetation clearance, discharges &emissions)

Refining (Dust, Air emissions, Noise,Disturbance,water abstraction, liquid and solid waste

accumulation)

Decommissioning(Dust, Air emissions, Noise,Disturbance,water abstraction, liquid and

solid waste accumulation)

Environmental aspect is an element of an organisation's activities, products or services

that can interact with the environment

Environmental impact is any change to the environment , adverse or beneficial , wholly or

partially resulting from an organisation’s activities, products or services

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Seismic acquisition is divided into phases;

Planning phase Identify objectives of acquisition , Design the 2D /3D seismic program Baseline surveys, Risk assessments and EIA’S are done Environmental management plans drawn Permit acquisitions ,Stake holder consultations(communities, lead agency and environment authorities, local administrations etc.) Construction phase A preparation phase which involves camps &road construction , line surveying , vegetation clearing Operation phase A stage of data acquisition and recording, involves seismic equipment at work Energy sources and receivers are at work shot hole drilling, explosive detonation, noise, emissions, oil spillages from generators, vehicle spills, Vegetation clearing for seismic lines Waste accumulation (tapes, wires, etc.) population influx Decommissioning and Restoration phases Demobilising camp, closure of access routes, seismic lines , revegetation of sites

SEISMIC ASPECTS AND IMPACTS

CAMP CONSTRUCTION

i.

Erosion of land surfaces/ top soil removal

ii.

Increased chances of IAS from introduced soils , murram & other construction materials

iii.

Oil spillages from generators and service vehicles

iv.

Land takes from camp location

v.

Surface and ground water effects

vi.

Vegetation clearances

vii.

Disturbance to native flora & fauna

• viii. Visual intrusion impacts

ix.

Population influx from workers

x.

Domestic waste discharges

xi.

Loss of habitats

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT’D

SEISMIC ASPECTS AND IMPACTS

LINE ACCESS AND PREPARATION

i.

Disturbance of native flora & fauna

ii.

Contamination of soils

iii.

Vegetation loss

iv.

Visual intrusion

v.

Habitat loss

vi.

Surface disturbances increasing

vii.

Soil erosion occurrence

viii.

Waste accumulation

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT’D

SEISMIC ASPECTS AND IMPACTS CONTN’D

Data acquisition comprises;

Cable laying (geophones),shot hole drilling and recording.

i.

Visual intrusion

ii.

Waste accumulation from tapes & wires used in operations

iii.

Disturbance to native flora and fauna

iv.

Airborne and dust emissions

v.

Noise impacts

Decommissioning

Involves reinstating the environment, waste collection, revegetation, closing access roads etc Has impacts such as

i.

Visual intrusion

ii.

Surface soil erosion

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT’D

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DRILLING

Camp construction Land take Soil erosion

i.

Surface and ground water contamination

ii.

Visual intrusion

iii.

Domestic waste accumulation

iv.

Oil spills fro parking/ service vehicles

v.

vegetation clearance

vi.

Surface disturbance

vii.

Soil contamination Pad construction Surface disturbance

i.

Soil contamination (Invasive alien species introduced)

ii.

Soil erosion

iii.

Surface and ground water contamination

iv.

Visual intrusion

v.

influx of workers and equpment

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT’D

DRILLING ASPECTS AND IMPACTS CONTN’D

Drilling

i.

Noise

ii.

Emissions (NOX, CO2, CO, CH4 etc)

iii.

Discharges (sanitary, kitchen drilling wastes )

iv.

Water access & supply

v.

Oil spills

Well testing

flaring, purging and venting lead to: Emissions (GHG, VOC, PM) Physical presence

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT’D

SENSITIVITIES OF THE AG

Protected areas e.g. National Parks, wildlife reserves Wetlands Water bodies Biodiversity Cultural and historical sites Physical environment ( air, soil etc)

IMPACT MITIGATION

SEISMIC

i.

Reuse seismic lines and access roads

ii.

Closure of access roads

iii.

Ramping for noise impacts on wildlife

iv.

Strict regulations on line and road width

v.

Collect wastes and package differently

vi.

Use of resources eg: water conservatively

vii.

Strict regulations on restoration of environment

viii.

Low impact seismic( cableless geophones etc

DRILLING

i.

Reuse /recycle of drilling by products

ii.

Use of non toxic drilling fluids (SBM and WBM)

iii.

Use closed loophole instead of mud pits

iv.

Place HDPE liners in CCA and in case of mud waste pit

v.

Reduce volumes of drilling waste

vi.

Monitor air emissions

vii.

Access multiple wells from one point most especially for development wells

MEASURES TO ENSURE COEXISTENCE OF O & G AND CONSERVATION

• Environment and Social Impact Assessment studies are undertaken for all projects, this is a legal requirement
• Environment Sensitivity

Atlas for the areas where petroleum has been discovered in the country was developed.

• Strategic Environmental

Assessment for the Albertine Graben was developed to ensure that the oil and gas activities are captured in the Government’s(PPP)

• Environment Monitoring Plan and guidelines have been developed.
• Oil spill Contingency Plan and mechanism for hazardous waste management plan is about to be completed.
• Drilling waste management (Use of water based drilling fluids, containerising the waste on site and temporal

transfer to gazetted waste consolidation sites ,treated and disposed by private service providers certified by NEMA)

• Multi-Institutional monitoring team - Government Institutions working together to efficiently manage the

interface between petroleum and the environment.

• Updating of standards, guidelines and regulations by biodiversity institutions
• Land use planning is in progress.

The Albertine Graben is a special planning area; Planning of urban areas like Buseruka, Buliisa and Sebugoro is in progress by Ministry of Lands

• Journey Management plans developedtoguide the movements in protected areas

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ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Environment and Social Impact Assessment studies are undertaken and Environmental Audits done for ALL projects

• Limiting the footprint: drilling pads, access roads, camps.
• Avoidance of sensitive locations
• Monitoring biodiversity in liaison with the Wildlife Authority

Restoration and decommissioning of sites Jobi-1 Mputa-2

13

ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT

SITE RESTORATION AT JOBI-1 MURCHISION FALLS NATIONAL PARK

14

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

MONITORING OF OPERATIONS

The monitoring is at three tiers; the executive level, technical/ operational level and field

based monitors. NEMA together with other Government institutions such as PEPD, UWA have staff based in the field to monitor the oil exploration activities. Both UWA and NEMA have appointed full time officers to monitor oil exploration activities whereas PEPD monitors are also monitoring technical aspects.

Multi-Institutional monitoring team - Government Institutions working together to

efficiently manage the interface between petroleum and the environment. The team is composed of representatives from;

Petroleum Exploration and Production Department Uganda

Wildlife Authority

National Environment Management Authority Directorate of Water Resources Management National Forestry Authority Directorate of Environmental Affairs Directorate of Physical Planning and Land use The Department of Fisheries Resources Districts in the Albertine Graben

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CONCLUSION

Given the environmental sensitivity of the Albertine Graben; Co-existence

and environmental protection and best practices during

• il exploration activities is vital

It is everyone’s responsibility to protect the environment It has successfully been achieved for the exploration phase