ENTREPRENEURSHIP TREPRENEURSHIP IN IN EDU DUCATI CATIONA NAL L - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP TREPRENEURSHIP IN IN EDU DUCATI CATIONA NAL L SYS YSTEM TEM

INSI SIGH GHTS TS PR PRES ESENT ENTED ED TO TO

KENYA SECONDARY SCHOOLS HEADS ASSOCIATION MOMBASA, A, KENYA 22 22nd

nd June

ne 2018 18

By By

Pro

• rof. Olive

ve M. Mu Muge gend nda, a, Ph. h.D., , EBS, CBS

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THANK YOU

❏Thank you Chair Mr. Indimuli and Your Team for inviting me to come and talk to you once again. ❏Congratulations to you all for the great work you do in your respective schools. ❏Having been KU head for 10 years until 2016, I’m aware of the challenges of day to day running of an institution and all the stakeholders you have to deal with and I know it's not easy and I wish you all the best.

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Plan n Of The Pre resentatio sentation

n

❏ The concept ❏ Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ❏ Some global comparisons. ❏ Successful entrepreneurial high school and tertiary models ❏ Some examples

• f

successful entrepreneurs who

• riginated from school systems

❏ Challenges of entrepreneurial systems ❏ Entrepreneurial high school model that works ❏ Suggested way forward ❏ Conclusion

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What at Do Does s The he Co Conc ncep ept t Mean an

❏ “Entrepreneur" is a loan word from French meaning “to do something” or “to undertake”. ❏ Entrepreneurship is the process

• f

designing, launching and running a new business, ❏ Entrepreneurship is therefore the pursuit

• f opportunity.

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Meaning Continued….

❏Opportunity implies an offering that is interestingly new in either: 1) Pioneering an innovative product; 2) Devising a new business model from an existing business; 3) Creating a better or cheaper version of an existing product or service; 4) Targeting an existing product or service to new segments of customers. 5) Addressing a need out of an eventuality or a happening.

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Cl Classifi ssification cation Of The e Co Concept ept

❏Seasoned Entrepreneurs The successful ones running big or small companies ❏Prospective Entrepreneurs The aspiring ones- whether young or old ❏ Young Entrepreneurs The youthful ones just starting or successful ❏Social Entrepreneurs The ones who focus on public good

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Social ial Entrepreneurs trepreneurs Education is a Social Entrepreneurial aspect

just like health, environment and others. Attributes of Social Entrepreneurs

• 1. Run businesses aiming to develop, fund and

implement solutions to social problems.

• 2. Drives social innovation in public good areas

like education, health, environment etc.

• 3. Willing

to take risks to bring positive changes to society through their business efforts.

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Entrepren trepreneurial eurial Ecosy

• system:

stem: De Defi fini nition tion

“An interactive community within a geographic region, composed of varied and interdependent actors (e.g. entrepreneurs, institutions and organizations) and factors (e.g. markets, regulatory framework, support setting, entrepreneurial culture), which evolves over time and whose actors and factors coexist and interact to promote new venture creation.”

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Entrepren trepreneurial eurial Ecosy

• system

stem

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Entrepren trepreneurial eurial Ecosy

• system:

stem: Glo lobal bal Entrepren trepreneurs eurship hip In Index ex (G (GEI) I)

Entrepreneurship ecosystem can also be defined as “the dynamic, institutionally embedded interaction between entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial abilities, and entrepreneurial aspirations by individuals, which drives the allocation

• f

resources through the creation and operation of new ventures."

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3 As Continued….

❏Attitude: What you think about entrepreneurship? Characterized by: Opportunity, Perception, Startup Skills, Risk acceptance, Networking and Cultural support. ❏Abilities: Can you do it? Do you have the skills? Characteristics: Opportunity startup, Technology adoption, Human capital and competition. ❏Aspirations: Your vision about your company? Characteristics: Product innovation, Process innovation, High growth, Internationalization, and Risk capital.

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Ho How Ke w Keny nya a Co Comp mpar ares es On On En Entrep epre rene neur ursh ship ip (GE GEI) Ind ndica cators

• rs

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HOW KENYA COMPARES ON 3 As Attitude...

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HOW KENYA COMPARES ON 3 As Abilities..

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HOW KENYA COMPARES ON 3 As Aspirations...

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Ke Kenya ya compa mpared ed to EAC AC countr untries ies

• n Glo

lobal bal Entrepren trepreneurs eurship hip In Index ex (G (GEI) I)

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Gl Global bal Entrep repren eneurship eurship In Index ex (G (GEI) I) World ld Top p 3 and d Top

• p 3 Eas

ast t Af Afric ica a Co Countr ntries ies

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Gl Global bal Entrep repren eneurship eurship In Index ex

Country STRONGEST AREA WEAKEST AREA Kenya ❏ PRODUCT INNOVATION, ❏ OPPORTUNITY PERCEPTION ❏ PROCESS INNOVATION ❏ STARTUP SKILLS, ❏ RISK ACCEPTANCE ❏ RISK CAPITAL Rwanda ❏ CULTURAL SUPPORT ❏ OPPORTUNITY PERCEPTION, ❏ PRODUCT INNOVATION ❏ RISK CAPITAL, ❏ STARTUP SKILLS

The Global Entrepreneurship Index 2018

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MOST ST PRO ROBLEMATI BLEMATIC C IS ISSUE SUES S FOR R DO DOIN ING BU BUSINE INESS SS IN IN KENYA YA AN AND D OTHER HER CO COUNTR TRIES IES

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Most problematic blematic fa factor tors s fo for doing ing busines iness: s: Kenya ya

Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2017

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Most problematic blematic fa factor tors s fo for doing ing business siness: : Rw Rwanda nda

Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2017

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Most problematic blematic fa factor tors s fo for doing ing business siness: : Ethiopia hiopia

Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2017

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Most Problema

• blematic

tic Factors ctors For r Do Doin ing g Bu Busin iness ss: : Co Compari parisons sons On Selected lected Factor ctors s

Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2017

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En Entrepr trepreneurship eneurship Po Policies, licies, Tr Training aining In Ken enya. ya.

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Entrepr trepreneurship eneurship Policies icies In Kenya ya

❏ Kenya Vision 2030 Emphasises technology, innovation and entrepreneurship, talent development . ❏ Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Policy 2012 Provides a framework for harmonized and coordinated approach to train and develop skilled manpower required by the country.

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Policies Continued…….

In 1990, the government through MoE initiated the teaching

• f

entrepreneurship education under (TVET) program. TVET ACT 2013: Provides for the establishment of a technical and vocational education and training system; ❏ Provides for the governance and management

• f TVETS;

❏ Provides for coordinated assessment, examination and certification.(area

• f

improvement)

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Entrepreneurship Training…..

The Sessional Paper No. 1 of 2005 ❏ Provides for the education and training of technical personnel and their progression from levels of skills and technical knowledge to the next ❏ Recommended the introduction

• f

entrepreneurship modules in all tertiary institutions. ❏ The pioneers were Jomo Kenyatta University

• f

agriculture and Technology, Kenyatta University, Mount Kenya University and Strathmore.

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Entrepreneurship Training cont’d

❏ Technical and Vocational Education and Training Authority (TVETA) – Promotes access, equity and relevance in training according to needs. ❏ KNEC: Mandated to Set and maintain examinations standards and award certificates to candidates.

❏ KICD : Main goal is to develop, review and

approve programs, curricula and curriculum support materials for all levels of educations upto TVETs.

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Ministry of Public Service, Youth and Gender Affairs

❏ The Government in collaboration with the private sector and other stakeholders shall create an enabling environment for creation of employment opportunities

❏ Promote

culture

• f

entrepreneurship to develop and sustain youth labour that is market relevant and ready while taking advantage

• f

the emerging sectors and improve social services and infrastructure

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En Entrepr trepreneurshi eneurship p Pr Practices actices in in Kenya nya and d Glob loball ally.

• y. Ex

Examples. amples.

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Entrepr trepreneursh eneurship ip Pra ractices: ctices: Incubation Hubs

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Ken enyatta atta Uni nivers versity: ity: Cha handaria ndaria Busi usiness ness Inn nnovation

• vation & In

Incu cubation bation

❏The first incubation

Centre in Public Universities. ❏Started in 2012. ❏Has 117 successful companies registered ❏Has partners that work with them.

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Selected Companies at Chandaria BIIC

❏Potty Cleaner

Tuesday, June 19, 18 33

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Selected Companies at Chandaria BIIC

Korio Energy Company

❏Korio Energy produces batteries from chicken droppings ❏He won COMESA Innovation Awards 2013

Tuesday, June 19, 18 34

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Hi High gh Sc Scho hool

• l Ent

Entrep epren reneu eurial rial Mo Mode dels Th That at Have Have Wo Worke ked gl d glob

• bal

ally

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Ent ntrepreneu repreneurial rial High gh Sch chool

• ol

Mo Models els in th the USA

The Jacobson Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship at The University

• f

Iowa enriches high school students through classroom and practical educational experiences

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Jacobson

• bson Inst

stitute itute Co Continue tinued...

d...

❏ Through teacher education, innovative curricula, and outreach, the Jacobson Institute fosters the “entrepreneurial mindset” ❏ This encourages creativity, innovation, critical thinking, and problem solving, and preparing students for success in the worlds of business and entrepreneurship.

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Entrepren trepreneurial eurial Hig igh h Scho chool

• l Model:

el: Rw Rwanda nda

Teacher Training and Entrepreneurship

Education in Rwanda

❏ Beginning in 2016, all secondary school students in Rwanda were required to take an entrepreneurship course with three main components:

• 1. hands-on

Learning Activities,” which emphasize entrepreneurship skills;

• 2. A “Skills Lab Pedagogy” that directs teachers to

structure class time in a laboratory format; and

• 3. “Student Business Clubs” where students work in

teams to start and run school-based businesses. ❏ Curriculum is more interactive, student-centered learning, and providing skills to succeed in the job market and entrepreneurship.

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Entrepren trepreneurial eurial Hig igh h Scho chool

• l Model:

el: Rw Rwand nda

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❏ ALA - African Leadership Academy creates a conducive environment for young entrepreneurs to access relevant entrepreneurship skills, knowledge, values and attitudes for their businesses. ❏ Its training curriculum couples standard secondary school classes with a number

• f

entrepreneurship courses and activities.

Entrepreneurial trepreneurial Hi High h School chool Model del: : South uth Af Afric ica

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Teen Entrepreneur Foundation ❏ It is a Trust with a vision of

cultivating and promote an entrepreneurial spirit amongst high school students in South Africa. ❏ Initiatives include: ❏ Interactive seminars, workshops. ❏ Conferences.

❏ Exhibitions.

Entrepren trepreneurial eurial Hig igh h Scho chool

• l

Model del: : South uth Af Afric ica

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❏ Pre-primary ❏ Lower Primary ❏ Upper primary ❏ Junior secondary (Grades 7,8,9) ❏ Senior secondary (10,11,12) (aged 15 to 17 years) ❏ They then go to TVET centers or university. There will be two core subjects in secondary school

• 1. Community Service Learning
• 2. Physical Education

Entrepreneurship is mentioned as part of community service learning course together with life’s skills, financial literacy, citizenship and research… Not enough given some of the examples we have seen in other competing countries.

Entrep treprene reneurial urial Hig igh h Scho chool

• l Model:

el: New curriculum riculum in in Kenya ya

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Ke Kenya ya; ; Entr trep epreneurship reneurship Practice actice In In Hig igh h School: hool: LEAP AP hub b In Init itiat iative ive

❏Started in 2013 to expose talented students in secondary schools to entrepreneurship and leadership alongside academics. ❏The initiative has 24 schools in Nairobi, Kiambu, Mombasa, Siaya, Homa Bay, Bungoma, Kajiado and Kwale counties.

❏ Such initiatives should be expanded and

even supported by the government to have more impact.

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Bashiri Mat Company: The students from Kariobangi North Girls High School make customised doormats for their clients. Succ ccessf essful ul Ve Ventures ures fr from Leap ap Hu Hub b In Init itiat iative ive in in Hig igh h Schools hools in in Kenya. ya.

Source: Global Peace Foundation Kenya

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Kenya; secondary School Innovation And Entrepreneurial Efforts

The 2018 StartUp Africa National Pitch Competition winners, Ken Obura High School (Kisumu County), Kajire Girls High School (Taita Taveta County), and Maria Soti Girls Education Center (Elgeyo Marakwet County) traveled to Delaware, USA for the global competition that was held on April 11-14, 2018.

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Great Entrepreneurs Who Started Businesses In High School/University

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Renowned

• wned Succe

ccess ssful ful Entr trepreneurs

preneurs Mark Zuckerberg

❏ He began to learn coding in middle school.

❏ Through high school and college,

he continued his passion,eventually co-created the longest and the most well-known social

networking website, ‘FACEBOOK’.

With a net worth of Net worth: 75.6 billion USD (2018) Zuckerberg is considered one of the youngest billionaires in the world.

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Ren enowne

• wned

d Suc uccessful cessful Ent ntrepreneurs repreneurs

JEFF BEZOS: AMAZON.COM

❏ While Bezos was in high school, he worked at McDonald's as a short-order line cook during the breakfast shift.

❏ At

Senior High School, Bezos excelled and was invited to participate in the Student Science Training Program at the University of Florida, where he won a Silver Knight Award in

• 1982. Gone to teller free shopping

Founder and CEO of Amazon.com

Business Leader & Entrepreneur

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Here e at Home: e: Successf ccessful ul Entrepren trepreneur ur

❏ He began his journey in as a Kenyan business entrepreneur immediately after high school at age 18. in business. ❏ Today, Kithaka is the CEO and founding member of the Fountain Enterprise Programme (FEP) Group

• f

Companies.

• Dr. John Kithaka

Group Founding President & Executive Director Fountain Enterprises Programme (FEP)

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Founder & Group CEO SevenSeas Technologies (SST) Group Kenya

❏ At the age of 25, Macharia founded the company to provide integrated business and technology solution in Africa. ❏ Seven Seas Technologies (SST) Group now has operations in 8 countries in Africa.

Michael Macharia Here e at Home: e: Successf ccessful ul Entrepren trepreneur ur

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WHAT ABOUT ENTREPRENEURIAL INSTITUTIONS? IS YOURS ONE?

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Fundraising ndraising Strategies ategies For In Institut itution ions Institutions can fundraise from entrepreneurial initiatives e.g. ❏ Royalties from shares from innovations. ❏ Products and Services developed. ❏ Proper utilisation of available land/assets. ❏ Partnerships with the industry. ❏ Seeking grants. ❏ Concerts (commercialization of drama etc).

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Univ iver ersit sities ies wit ith Hig ighes hest t In Income

• me

fr from P Patents tents & R Royalt alties ies

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Univ iver ersit sities ies wit ith Hig ighes hest t In Income

• me

from P Patent tents s (Select lect Prod

• ducts)

ucts)

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JKUAT Example: TAIFA LAPTOP

❏ The Taifa laptop developed in collaboration with the Nairobi Industrial and Technological Park. ❏ They also manufacture ipads for schools which brings revenue.

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KU Entrepren trepreneurial eurial examples: amples: Re Refe ferr rral al Ho Hospita pital

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Propo

• posed

sed Ch Chil ildren' dren's s Hospit pital al

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No North h Co Coast st Be Beach ch Ho Hotel el

58

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KU Funera neral l Home

Completed in 2008

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Ch Challenges llenges In Entr trepreneur epreneurship ship

❏ Insufficient financing. ❏ Poor cash flow management skills. ❏ Lack of mentorship. ❏ Lack of vision/ aspiration. ❏ Poor/ unsustainable business models:Negative Mindset. ❏ Poor Entrepreneurial Culture ❏ Lack of entrepreneurial ecosystem. ❏ Lack of policy. ❏ Cascading entrepreneurship across all levels

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1)Strengthen and institutionalize entrepreneurship concept in our schools at all educational levels. This can be done as a non-examinable but compulsory class or any

• ther model that works.

2)Create awareness

• f

entrepreneurship in primary and secondary schools to change mindset and cultivate entrepreneurial culture. 3)Develop policies and guidelines

• n

entrepreneurial development.

Way y Forw rward ard For r Institut stitution ions

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Wa Way y Fo Forw rward ard Co Cont ntinued... inued...

• 4. Train champions to lead entrepreneurial

effort in their respective schools and institutions.

• 5. Government should allocate funds in

each school and institutions to facilitate entrepreneurship.

• 6. More entrepreneurial centres should

be set up in collaborations with county governments.

• 7. Like minded schools should collaborate

and start entrepreneurial initiatives

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Wa Way y Fo Forw rward ard Co Cont ntinued... inued...

8.Involve

the Private sector in developing Entrepreneurship curriculum and teaching 9.Expand the examining bodies so that its not just KNEC and a few others to include other experts in assessment and certification. Develop the relevant guidelines to achieve this

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