Enhancing global security through space Enhancing global security - - PDF document

"Bringing the benefits of space to humankind" 1

Enhancing global security through space Enhancing global security through space the role of COPUOS and UNOOSA the role of COPUOS and UNOOSA

ACUNS Annual Meeting ACUNS Annual Meeting “ “New Security Challenges New Security Challenges” ” Panel on Space Security, 5 June, Vienna University Panel on Space Security, 5 June, Vienna University Niklas Niklas Hedman Hedman, UNOOSA , UNOOSA

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Set up by General Assembly resolutions 1348 (XIII) in 1958 and 1 Set up by General Assembly resolutions 1348 (XIII) in 1958 and 1472 (XIV) in 1959 472 (XIV) in 1959 Two standing subsidiary bodies established in 1961: Scientific a Two standing subsidiary bodies established in 1961: Scientific and Technical nd Technical Subcommittee (STSC) and Legal Subcommittee (LSC) Subcommittee (STSC) and Legal Subcommittee (LSC) Reports annually to the General Assembly Fourth Committee Reports annually to the General Assembly Fourth Committee 69 member States and 27 international intergovernmental and non 69 member States and 27 international intergovernmental and non-

• governmental

governmental

• rganizations with permanent observer status
• rganizations with permanent observer status

The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) (COPUOS)

COPUOS is mandated to: COPUOS is mandated to:

• Review international cooperation in the peaceful

Review international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space; uses of outer space;

• Devise programmes in this field to be undertaken

Devise programmes in this field to be undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations; under the auspices of the United Nations;

• Encourage continued research and dissemination

Encourage continued research and dissemination

• f information on outer space matters;
• f information on outer space matters;
• Study legal problems arising from the exploration

Study legal problems arising from the exploration

• f outer space
• f outer space

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Earth environment; space environment; fair and responsible use o Earth environment; space environment; fair and responsible use of outer space: f outer space: Recent achievements Recent achievements

• 2007 Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines (

2007 Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines (A/62/20, annex A/62/20, annex) )

• 2007 GA Resolution on Registration Practice (

2007 GA Resolution on Registration Practice (GA/RES/62/101 GA/RES/62/101) )

• 2009 Safety Framework for Use of Nuclear Power Sources (

2009 Safety Framework for Use of Nuclear Power Sources (A/AC.105/934 A/AC.105/934) ) Current agenda Current agenda

• Space and climate change

Space and climate change

• Space and water

Space and water

• Use of Geospatial data for sustainable development

Use of Geospatial data for sustainable development

• Use of the geostationary orbit

Use of the geostationary orbit

• Long

Long-

• term sustainability of space activities

term sustainability of space activities

• Use of space technology in the United Nations system

Use of space technology in the United Nations system

• COPUOS contribution to the Commission on Sustainable Developmen

COPUOS contribution to the Commission on Sustainable Development t

• Near

Near-

• Earth Objects

Earth Objects

• Capacity

Capacity-

• building in Space Law

building in Space Law

• National space legislation

National space legislation

COPUOS and COPUOS and “ “space security space security” ”

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The Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peace The Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer ful Uses of Outer Space was held in Vienna 19 Space was held in Vienna 19-

• 30 July 1999 (report A/CONF.184/6). UNISPACE III

30 July 1999 (report A/CONF.184/6). UNISPACE III Conference resolution 54/68 of 6 December 1999 Conference resolution 54/68 of 6 December 1999 Mechanisms for implementing the recommendations of UNISPACE III Mechanisms for implementing the recommendations of UNISPACE III included the included the revision by COPUOS of the structure of agendas of its Subcommitt revision by COPUOS of the structure of agendas of its Subcommittees, adoption of a ees, adoption of a plan of action of UNOOSA, establishment by Member States of Acti plan of action of UNOOSA, establishment by Member States of Action Teams, as well

• n Teams, as well

as efforts at the national level as efforts at the national level UNISPACE III+5 report (A/59/174) with Plan of Action to: UNISPACE III+5 report (A/59/174) with Plan of Action to: a) support overarching global agendas for sustainable developmen a) support overarching global agendas for sustainable development t b) develop coordinated, global space capabilities b) develop coordinated, global space capabilities c) support specific agendas to meet human development needs at t c) support specific agendas to meet human development needs at the global level he global level e) support overarching capacity development e) support overarching capacity development General Assembly resolution 59/2 of 20 October 2004 General Assembly resolution 59/2 of 20 October 2004

UNISPACE III UNISPACE III

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Five UN Treaties: Five UN Treaties:

• Outer Space Treaty, 1967 (100 States Parties/26 Signatories)

Outer Space Treaty, 1967 (100 States Parties/26 Signatories)

• Rescue Agreement, 1968 (91/24)

Rescue Agreement, 1968 (91/24)

• Liability Convention, 1972 (88/23)

Liability Convention, 1972 (88/23)

• Registration Convention, 1975 (53/4)

Registration Convention, 1975 (53/4)

• Moon Agreement, 1979 (13/4)

Moon Agreement, 1979 (13/4) Five Declarations and Legal Principles: Five Declarations and Legal Principles:

• Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of Sta

Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration tes in the Exploration and Uses of Outer Space (1963) and Uses of Outer Space (1963)

• Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Sate

Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellites for International llites for International Direct Television Broadcasting (1982) Direct Television Broadcasting (1982)

• Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer S

Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space (1986) pace (1986)

• Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Oute

Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space (1992) r Space (1992)

• Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and

Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into P for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into Particular Account the articular Account the Needs of Developing Countries (1996) Needs of Developing Countries (1996)

Legal regime of outer space Legal regime of outer space

– – Province of all mankind Province of all mankind – – Freedom of exploration Freedom of exploration – – Non Non-

• appropriation of Outer Space

appropriation of Outer Space – – UN Charter UN Charter – – Non Non-

• placement of weapons of mass destruction

placement of weapons of mass destruction – – Responsibility for national space activities Responsibility for national space activities – – Liability for damage caused by objects launched into outer Liability for damage caused by objects launched into outer space space – – Establishment of UN register of space object Establishment of UN register of space object – – The Moon and its natural resources are common heritage of The Moon and its natural resources are common heritage of mankind mankind

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Accomplishments and Future Prospects Accomplishments and Future Prospects

• Greater awareness of space tools for sustainable development
• Greater understanding, acceptance and implementation of the

United Nations Space Law Treaties

• Increased coherence and synergy in space-related work of United

Nations entities and international space-related entities

• Advancing space exploration initiatives

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UNOOSA UNOOSA

Established in 1962 within the Department of Political and Secur Established in 1962 within the Department of Political and Security Council Affairs ity Council Affairs Based in Vienna since 1992 Based in Vienna since 1992 24 Staff members from 21 countries: Australia, Austria, Azerbaij 24 Staff members from 21 countries: Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Costa an, Brazil, Costa Rica, Germany, Guatemala, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Phili Rica, Germany, Guatemala, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Philippines, Romania, ppines, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, Ukra Russian Federation, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United ine, United Kingdom and Uzbekistan Kingdom and Uzbekistan Areas of expertise: Aerospace Engineering, Astrophysics, Interna Areas of expertise: Aerospace Engineering, Astrophysics, International Relations, tional Relations, Physics, Remote Sensing, Satellite Communications, Space Law & P Physics, Remote Sensing, Satellite Communications, Space Law & Policy

• licy

Chart Title Committee Services and Research Section Niklas Hedman, Chief Space Applications Section Takao Doi, Chief and UN Expert on Space Applications Bonn Office Beijing Office UN-SPIDER David Stevens, Programme Coordinator Office of the Director Mazlan Othman,Director UNOOSA

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UNOOSA Operational priorities UNOOSA Operational priorities

• A. Discharging the responsibilities of the Secretary
• A. Discharging the responsibilities of the Secretary-
• General under the treaties

General under the treaties

• B. Strengthening the intergovernmental process
• B. Strengthening the intergovernmental process
• C. Supporting sustainable development
• C. Supporting sustainable development
• Support to regional mechanisms

Support to regional mechanisms

• Technology spin

Technology spin-

• offs and indigenous capability
• ffs and indigenous capability
• Integrated space technology applications

Integrated space technology applications

• D. Securing global public goods
• D. Securing global public goods
• Support network of space weather instruments

Support network of space weather instruments

• Global platform for space

Global platform for space-

• based information for disaster management

based information for disaster management and emergency response and emergency response

• Global navigation satellite systems

Global navigation satellite systems

• E. Enhancing cooperation and coordination within the UN system
• E. Enhancing cooperation and coordination within the UN system
• F. Increasing public awareness of space
• F. Increasing public awareness of space

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• Achieve compatibility and interoperability of GNSS systems

Achieve compatibility and interoperability of GNSS systems

• Encourage coordination among providers of GNSS core and augmenta

Encourage coordination among providers of GNSS core and augmentation systems tion systems

• Encourage and promote introduction and utilization of satellite

Encourage and promote introduction and utilization of satellite positioning, navigation and positioning, navigation and timing services, particularly in developing countries timing services, particularly in developing countries

• Aims to better address the future needs of users with regard to

Aims to better address the future needs of users with regard to GNSS development plans GNSS development plans and applications and applications

• GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass/

GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass/BeiDou BeiDou

• Provider

Provider’ ’s Forum established in 2007 (China, s Forum established in 2007 (China, India, Japan, Russian Federation, United States, India, Japan, Russian Federation, United States, and European Community) and European Community)

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• In preparation: Space Law, GNSS

In preparation: Space Law, GNSS Education curricula and education modules have been developed Education curricula and education modules have been developed for: for:

Four Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Four Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education, affiliated to the United Nations Education, affiliated to the United Nations

• www.cssteap.org

www.cssteap.org (Centre in India) (Centre in India)

• www.enssup.gov.ma/craste

www.enssup.gov.ma/craste (Centre in Morocco) (Centre in Morocco)

• www.arcsstee.org

www.arcsstee.org (Centre in Nigeria) (Centre in Nigeria)

• www.crectealc.org

www.crectealc.org (Centre in Mexico/campus) (Centre in Mexico/campus)

• www.inpe.br/unidades/cep/atividadescep/crectealc

www.inpe.br/unidades/cep/atividadescep/crectealc (Brazil (Brazil campus) campus)

Regional Centres Regional Centres

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UN wide coordination mechanism held annually since 1970 UN wide coordination mechanism held annually since 1970’ ’s s UNOOSA is the secretariat of the IAM UNOOSA is the secretariat of the IAM

Inter Inter-

• Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities

Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities

UNOOSA co UNOOSA co-

• chair with ECA of

chair with ECA of UN Geographic UN Geographic Information Information Working Group Working Group (UNGIWG) (UNGIWG)

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UNOOSA programme on space law UNOOSA programme on space law

Responsibilities of the Secretary Responsibilities of the Secretary-

• General under the space treaties

General under the space treaties Maintaining the central UN Register of space objects Maintaining the central UN Register of space objects Series of Space Law Workshops held: 2002 in The Netherlands; 200 Series of Space Law Workshops held: 2002 in The Netherlands; 2003 in the 3 in the Republic of Korea; 2004 in Brazil; 2005 in Nigeria; 2006 in Ukra Republic of Korea; 2004 in Brazil; 2005 in Nigeria; 2006 in Ukraine; 2009 in Iran; ine; 2009 in Iran; next Space Law Workshop planned for 2010 in Thailand next Space Law Workshop planned for 2010 in Thailand Space Law Website: Space Law Website: Treaty status database and national space legislation database Treaty status database and national space legislation database Bilateral and multilateral agreements database Bilateral and multilateral agreements database Directory on education opportunities in space law Directory on education opportunities in space law Technical legal assistance, including on UN Register Technical legal assistance, including on UN Register Development of curriculum on space law for Regional Centres Development of curriculum on space law for Regional Centres

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United Nations Register of Objects Launched into Outer Spa United Nations Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space ce

a) UN General Assembly resolution 1721 B (XVI) of 20 December 19 a) UN General Assembly resolution 1721 B (XVI) of 20 December 1961 61 b) Convention on Registration of Objects Launched in b) Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space to Outer Space “ “Registration Convention Registration Convention” ”, of 1975 , of 1975 Since 1957, about 35.000 space objects have been tracked in Eart Since 1957, about 35.000 space objects have been tracked in Earth orbit or beyond. h orbit or beyond. Approximately 6.200 are Approximately 6.200 are “ “functional functional” ” (i.e. satellites, probes, manned spacecraft and/or (i.e. satellites, probes, manned spacecraft and/or space station components). The rest are spent rocket boosters, s space station components). The rest are spent rocket boosters, shrouds and detached hrouds and detached components or other residual non components or other residual non-

• functional components resulting from the launch,

functional components resulting from the launch,

• peration or termination of the space object, collectively known
• peration or termination of the space object, collectively known as

as “ “non non-

• functional

functional” ”) ) Number of space objects presently being tracked: 14.200. Over 3. Number of space objects presently being tracked: 14.200. Over 3.300 functional (or 300 functional (or previously functional) space objects remain in Earth orbit or be previously functional) space objects remain in Earth orbit or beyond yond

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Office for Outer Space Affairs United Nations Office at Vienna Email: oosa@unoosa.org Tel: +43-1-26060-4951 Fax: +43-1-26060-5830 UNOOSA Website: www.unoosa.org IAM Website: www.uncosa.unvienna.org UN-SPIDER Website: www.unspider.org ICG Information Portal: www.icgsecretariat.org

"Bringing the benefits of space to humankind"