Enhancing and implementing NDCs with ambition and transparency - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Fourteenth Policy Consultation Forum of the Seoul Initiative Network on Green Growth Bangkok, Thailand, 2-3 September 2019

Enhancing and implementing NDC’s with ambition and transparency Department of Environment of I.R. of IRAN

Table ble of

• f contents

contents

 Introduction  Upstream legislations and general strategies  Actions  Challenges  Requirements  Recommendations

Iran is the 18th largest country

 Capital: Tehran  Population: 75,149,000  Total area: 1,648,195 sq. km  Climate: mostly arid/semiarid,

subtropical along Caspian coast

• minimum of -35°C
• maximum of 50°C
• average temperature increase:

0.4 °C /decade

• average annual precipitation:

250 mm

 Elevation:

• lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
• highest point: Damavand

mountain 5,671 m

Intr Introduction

• duction

Iran ranks under the category of vulnerable countries, on the basis of articles 4.8 and 4.10 of the UNFCCC

Climate change impacts in Iran (up to 2030)

 Decrease the amount of surface runoffs by 25%,  Raising the mean temperature by more than 1.5° C,  increased losses of national programmable water by

about 20 to 25 billion cubic meters.

Intr Introduction

• duction

Contribution Contribution of

• f D

Dif iffer eren ent t Se Secto ctors s to to total total CO CO2 2 Eq Equiva uivalent lent Emission Emission i in 20 n 2010 10

Intr Introduction

• duction

Ener Energy Sector CO2 y Sector CO2 Emissi Emissions

• ns Ran

Ranking(I king(IEA) EA)

Intr Introduction

• duction

Upstr Upstream eam le legisla gislations tions and and gener general al str strate tegies gies

UNFC UNFCCC CC Commit Commitmen ments ts

1- For Developed Countries(Art.4.2) [So called Annex 1 Parties]

▪ Reduction of GHGs Emissions ▪ Finance ▪ Technology Transfer ▪ Capacity Building

2- For Developing Countries(Art.4.1)

▪ National Communications Upst Upstream eam le legisla gislations tions and and gen gener eral al st strate tegies gies

Ar Artic ticle le 50 50 of

• f the

the Cons Constitution titution of

• f the

the Islamic R Islamic Rep epub ubli lic of c of Ir Iran an app pproved ed in 197 in 1979

“In the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is considered a public duty to preserve the environment where the present and the future generations may have an improved social life. Consequently, any activity, economic or other, that leads to the pollution of the environment or its irreparable damage will be forbidden.”

Others…

 The second to the Sixth National Five-Year Economic, Social and

Cultural Development Plan (1995-2021)

 Consumption Pattern Reform (2011) (annual emission reduction

and EI reports)

 Clean Air Act (June 2017)

Upst Upstream eam le legisla gislations tions and and gen gener eral al st strate tegies gies

Gen Gener eral al st strate tegies gies on

• n the

the En Envir viron

• nmen

ment

 Mainstreaming the reduction of emission and carbon

footprint in socioeconomic development plans

 Low Carbon Economy (annual emission reduction reports)  Monitoring of the environmental emissions and

environmental accounting system

 Tackling the climate change especially in adaptation  Promoting regional and international cooperation and

environmental diplomacy

 Promoting climate change knowledge

Upst Upstream eam le legisla gislations tions and and gen gener eral al st strate tegies gies

Actions

 Establishment of combined cycle power plants,  Establishment of renewable energies and nuclear

power,

 Reduction of gas flare emissions,  Increasing energy efficiency in various consuming

sectors,

 Substituting high-carbon fuels with natural gas,  Strategic planning for utilizing low-carbon fuels,  Intensifying economic diversification and  Participation in market-based mechanisms at the

national and international levels

Act Action ions

Industrial sector

 the increase of natural gas share in primary energy

production from 29% in 1996 to 52.2% in 2010

 Renewal of currently obsolete processing equipment

and machinery in

• rder

to decrease energy consumption

 Introducing efficient energy conversion technologies Act Action ions

Agricultural sector

 Water pumps fuel switching of Agricultural wells:

Reducing gas oil consumption by replacing existing diesel engines with electric submersible pumps

Act Action ions

Transport sector

 Rail transport development  Renewal of city bus and taxi fleets (introducing 27,000

CNG-powered buses and 500,000 CNG powered long- range taxis)

 development of subway network in 8 metropolitans Act Action ions

Oil and gas sector

 Recovery of flared gases in offshore and onshore oil

extraction facilities

 Flare gas reduction in gas treatment facilities  Methane leakage reduction in transport and distribution

• f natural gas

 Accessing

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology

Act Action ions

Power generation sector

 Installation of 6,000 MW wind and 18,700 MW hydro

power plants by 2025

 Raising share of efficient combined cycle power plants

with thermal efficiency of around 45% in power generation mix from 27.3% in 2015 to 54.2% in 2025

 Installation of another 2,000 MW nuclear power plant  Increasing the share of natural gas in power plants

fuel mix

Act Action ions

Challenges

 Economic, technological and financial restrictions

and in particular unjust sanctions,

 The eight year imposed war upon Iran (1980-1988),  Hosting millions of refugees from the neighboring

countries,

 Availability of hydrocarbon resources,  Dependence of the national economy on revenues

from production and export of oil and its byproducts.

Requirements (Mitigation)

 Technologies needed to curb and utilize gas flares;  Reducing natural gas leakage in the distribution networks;  Increasing efficiency through the development of CHP and

combined-cycle power plants;

 Reducing transmission and distribution electricity losses;  Energy demand optimization and management; and  Use of renewable and alternative energy resources (like

nuclear power) as well as biofuels, biogas, waste to energy production and CCS.

Requ equir ireme ement nts

Requirements (Adaptation)

 Modern and eco-friendly and climate smart agricultural technology

and practices for scattered local communities in 2/3 of the country’s area;

 Modern environmental friendly technologies for supplying water

(desalination, recycling and water treatment);

 Development of on-line monitoring network of climate observation

system;

 General Circulation Models (for national and regional application

with monitoring and observing features for forest fires);

 Access

to new and environmentally sound technologies for industrial production, as well as forest fire fighting systems; and

 Early-warning and monitoring systems of climate extreme events,

dust and sand storms and access to global satellite data.

Requ equir ireme ement nts

Recommendations

 Facilitate availability of international resources in the

form of financial support and technology transfer for mitigation and adaptation activities regardless

• f

unjust sanctions,

 Exchange of carbon credits,  Accessibility of bilateral or multilateral implementation

mechanisms,

 Transfer of clean technologies as well as capacity

building

 diversification of energy supply mix by other sources

(renewable ones)and promote energy efficiency as well as wider utilization of low carbon fossil fuels

Thank you for your attention