SLIDE 1
Metro/Edge Network Core Network IPTV Network Data Center Access Network
- Greenhouse Impact
- Energy-limited capacity bottlenecks (“hot spots”)
- Operational Expenditure (OPEX)
Energy Consumption of the Internet Jayant Baliga Jayant Baliga - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Energy Consumption of the Internet Jayant Baliga Jayant Baliga - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Energy Consumption of the Internet Jayant Baliga Jayant Baliga Robert W. Ayre, Kerry Hinton, Wayne V. Sorin, Rodney S. Tucker Robert W. Ayre, Kerry Hinton, Wayne V. Sorin, Rodney S. Tucker ARC Special Research Centre for Ultra-Broadband
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
- A model to estimate energy consumption of the Internet
A model to estimate energy consumption of the Internet
– Core, metro, and access networks
- Where does the energy go?
Where does the energy go?
- What happens as traffic grows?
What happens as traffic grows?
- Towards an energy efficient Internet
Towards an energy efficient Internet
Calculating Energy Consumption of the Internet
SLIDE 4
Ethernet Switch
OLT Splitter Cabinet
Access Network Metro/Edge Network Core Network
Edge Routers OLT Switch
ONU
Cabinet
PtP FTTN PON DSL
Fiber EDFA Core Router OXC
IPTV Network
Storage Server Server Storage
Data Center
DSLAM
DSLAM
Cu Fiber Cu Fiber
Broadband Network Gateways
Tier 1 Full-Service ISP Network
Network Energy Model
SLIDE 5
Peak access rate sold to user M = Capacity per user Oversubscription ~ 2.5 Mb/s in 2008 ~ 0.1 Mb/s in 2008 M = 25
- Choose an access data rate (capacity per user)
Choose an access data rate (capacity per user)
- Carry out paper design of network
Carry out paper design of network
- Calculate the power consumed by the network per user
Calculate the power consumed by the network per user
- Repeat for all access rates
Repeat for all access rates
Estimating Energy Consumption
SLIDE 6
150 Power (W/user)
Baliga et al., 2008
20 25 5 Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) 15 50 100 10
Total Routers Access (PON) Transmission Links
Today’s Internet (~ 2.5 Mb/s)
2008 Technology 10 core hops Oversubscription = 25 % of Electricity Supply 0.5 1.0
Power Consumption of IP Network
SLIDE 7
Wave7 ONT-G1000i Splitter
GPON PtP
Cabinet
Edge Node
Cisco 6513 Hitachi 1220 NEC AM3160 Cisco 4503 NEC VF200F6 TC Communications TC3300 Axxcelera ExcelMax Cabinet
Access N/W FTTN VDSL2
Cu Fiber Fiber
Cisco uBR10012 RF Gateway Cisco DCP3000
HFC
Cu
RF Amp Node
WiMAX
Axxcelera ExcelMax BTS
Fiber
Hitachi 1220 Splitter
Power Consumption in Access Networks
SLIDE 8
Power Consumption in Access Networks
30 Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) Power Per User (W) 1 1000 PtP PON 100 20 10 10
32 Customers M = 32 M = 1 M = 1 M = 1
PON FTTH is PON FTTH is “ “greenest greenest” ”
FTTN WiMAX
M= 10 20 users per sector
HFC
M= 10 M= 1 M = Oversubscription
SLIDE 9
- Access network dominates at low rates
Access network dominates at low rates
- Network routers dominate at higher rates
Network routers dominate at higher rates
- Transmission Links consume a small percentage of the total
Transmission Links consume a small percentage of the total power power
- Possible approaches to controlling growth in energy
Possible approaches to controlling growth in energy consumption: consumption:
– Improve electronic technology – New architectures (Optical bypass) – New protocols (“low energy” states)
Some Observations
SLIDE 10
Based on G. Epps, CISCO, 2006
1 10 100 1000 10000 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
X 1993 Performance
2008
CRS-1 (~1.3 Tb/s,13.6 kW/rack) 12416 (~0.3 Tb/s/rack) 12016 (~80 Gb/s/rack) Year
Moore’s law x 2/18 m
Router capacity x 2.5/18 m
CMOS energy efficiency x 1.65/18 m
2010
30% p.a.
Router energy efficiency improving at 20% p.a. Neilson, JSTQE 2006
Router Capacity Growth
SLIDE 11
- Router energy consumption is reaching the limits of air cooling
Router energy consumption is reaching the limits of air cooling
– Cisco CRS-1 (largest core router available)
Neilson, 2006 & Deutche Telekom, 2007
Per Rack
X2 every 18 months
The Energy Bottleneck
SLIDE 12
150 Power (W/user) % of Electricity Supply
Baliga et al., 2008
20 25 5 Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) 15 10 2008 Technology
Effect of Efficiency Gains?
Routers Access (PON) Transmission Links
0.5 1.0
Total
50 100
SLIDE 13
Total Power (W/user)
Baliga et al., JLT 2009
20 25 5 Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) 15 10 Overall Technology Efficiency Improvement Rate = 0% p.a 5% p.a Traffic Growth rate = 40% p.a 20% p.a
Target
10% p.a % of Electricity Supply
Improvements in Technology Efficiency
150 50 100 0.5 1.0
SLIDE 14
No bypass Peak Access Rate (Mb/s) 1 10 100 300 Total Power Per User (W) 10 20 5 % of Electricity Consumption 0.25 0.5 0.75 Bypass Access Efficiency Improvement Rate = 10% p.a. 15 1.0
Destination
Bypass Bypass
Router X-connect
Baliga, et al, JLT 2009
Source
Improvements in Network Architecture
Optical Bypass Optical Bypass
SLIDE 15
Summary – Where to in the Future?
- Energy consumption of the Internet is small (0.4%), but will
Energy consumption of the Internet is small (0.4%), but will approach 1% in the future approach 1% in the future
- Internet energy consumption dominated by
Internet energy consumption dominated by
– Access network today – Core network in the future
- A multi
A multi-
- disciplinary approach is required to build a green