Ene nergy C y Com omplia iance ce An Overhead or an - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ene nergy C y Com omplia iance ce “An Overhead or an Opportunity?” City Exhibition Centre, Manchester 21 st March 2013 Darre ren J Jones B.Sc.( .(Ho Hons) E Eng. T Tech MC h MCIB IBSE L LCEA Man anag aging D Dir irector o of Low Car w Carbon E Europe

The UK Low Carbon Strategy DRIVERS:  Rio Summit & Kyoto Protocol  EU Directives  Government National Requirements  Legislation/Regulation  Penalties/Incentives

Current Legislation Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) • EPC & RR • DEC & AR • Air Conditioning Inspections F-Gas Regulations F-Gas Regulations require a regular inspection of systems containing fluorinated gas at intervals of at least every 12 months CRC - The Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme EU-ETS – European Union Emissions Trading Scheme

Compliance Put Into Action Air Conditioning Compliance – An Overhead or an Opportunity?

Areas Covered by TM44  Non Invasive inspection of packaged and centralised cooling systems  Assessing equipment sizing in relation to the cooling load  Advice and alternative solutions By 4 th January 2009, all Air Conditioning Systems with an effective rated output greater than 250kW should have occurred!

The Aim of the Inspection  To give building owners and operators information about the performance of their building and plant  To identify opportunities to save energy and cut operational costs By 4 th January 2009, all Air Conditioning Systems with an effective rated output greater than 250kW should have occurred!

Of The Total Building Energy Load Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning consumes: 80% for Research & Development Establishments 40% for Offices & Hospitals

Energy P Performan ance o of Buildings D Directi tive ‘ Artic icle 9 9 ’ Air Cond ondition oning ng I Inspection R on Repor ort Eland House 1 Horse Guards Road Bressenden Place London SW1A 2HQ

The aim of the report was to:  Highlight operating anomalies  Identify no-cost/low-cost initiatives and capital investment opportunities  To compare the size and appropriateness of refrigeration plant in relation to cooling demands of the building  To ascertain the effectiveness of current maintenance regimes  All of which will enable the DCLG energy manager to optimise the buildings HVAC operations, reduce energy costs and Carbon Dioxide emissions

Systems Inspected  11 Air Handling Units  2 Main Water Chillers  A Sample of Terminal Units  The Building Management System  2 DX Split Air Conditioning Units

Low Cost Opportunities Identified  Adopting a heating schedule policy to ensure optimum temperatures are maintained, this will help provide uniformity of temperature set points across the building but should also take into consideration the various solar elevations of the building  Ensuring a dead band of at least 3 ° C (+/-1.5 ° C) is factored into BMS strategies to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling taking place between AHUs, perimeter heating circuits and chilled beam units Reviewing the frequency of temperature and pressure sensor  calibration, in order maintain optimum control efficiency

Low Cost Opportunities Identified  At present chilled beam circuits are operational from 07.00 to 17.30 Monday to Friday all year round. It is considered however, that when ambient air temperatures are below 15 ° C and solar heat gains are minimal that conditioned air supplied by AHU systems should be adequate without the need to run the chilled beams. Consideration should therefore be given to controlling the ‘ on floor ’ secondary chilled water pumps on a demand only basis The majority of air handling unit filters where clogged. This would  indicate that the frequency of replacement needs to be increased. Replacing the filters on a more regularly basis would reduce the load on the fan motors

Low Cost Opportunities Identified  The cooling and heating control valves on several AHUs were letting by. The BMS was calling for heating or cooling only, however both were on. Replacing or repairing these valves/actuators will prevent losses in the systems There appears to be a problem with the control strategies of some  AHUs. The units at the time of inspection were in full fresh air mode, rather than using heat recovery. This air requires heat input to achieve the desired temperature. By using a combination of heat recovery and fresh air free cooling, the amount of mechanical conditioning can be reduced

Damper Actuators Issue – Faulty Actuator Recommendation – Repair Fresh Air Actuator Annual Energy Saving – 30,000kWh Annual Cost Saving – £1,350 Implementation Cost – £350 Payback Period – 3 Months

Low Cost Opportunities Identified  Due to damage on the lagging of the return air on AHU 3, thermal losses will be increased. This ductwork passes through an un- conditioned plant room. By replacing this lagging, these losses can be reduced

Low Cost Opportunities Identified  AHU 4 was providing almost 10 air changes per hour to a basement plant-room. It is not considered necessary to condition plant areas unless these areas are subjected to temperatures in excess of 30 o C. Consideration should be given to permanently isolating the heating battery on this unit and controlling the fan speed to provide a minimum amount of fresh air free-cooling. This would reduce both heating loads as well as power consumed by the motor  It would appear that there is a problem with the actuator on the fresh air dampers on AHU 6. The BMS indicated that the unit was in full recirculation mode, however on inspection, it was found that the fresh air dampers were fully open. This will be causing more mechanical conditioning to be required

Summary of Quick Win Savings Descript iptio ion of Works ks Energy R Reduction on Carbon on D Diox oxide Reduction on Annual Co Cost S Saving Implement ementation C n Cost Payback P k Perio iod kWh' h's Tonnes nes (Mon onths) BMS control adjustment, calibration 277,296 105 £12,474.00 £2,000.00 2 and policy adoption Filter replacements 47,500 26 £3,970.00 £1,850.00 6 BMS Control 15,000 8 £1,254.00 £600.00 6 modifications Repair / Replace CW 12,500 5 £800.00 £400.00 6 valve BMS control 10,000 4 £650.00 £300.00 6 adjustments Repair / replace control 4,500 14 £2,034.00 £500.00 3 valves Re fitting control 30,000 9 £1,350.00 £350.00 3 actuator Repair / replace control 12500 5 £800.00 £400.00 6 valves Replacing ductwork 6000 2 £300.00 £300.00 12 lagging BMS control 70000 38 £5,800.00 £300.00 1 adjustments Repair / replace control 2250 1 £145.00 £175.00 15 valves Repairing the damper 5835 1.4 £196.00 £175.00 12 control Repair / replace control 45000 14 £2,034.00 £500.00 3 valves Repair / replace control 8550 4 £550.00 £175.00 4 valves Repairing the damper 2950 2 £285.00 £175.00 8 control 549, 49,881 238 38 32, 32,642 £8,200 200.00 00 3

DEC Rating Implementing the low cost energy saving initiatives identified could result in a total energy reduction of 9.9%, this equates to a cost saving in the region of £32,642 per annum and a CO 2 reduction of 238 tonnes It is anticipated that if all quick win low-cost measures identified in this report are adopted the current DEC rating of the building will improve from an F rating (127) to an E rating (116)

DEC Rating

(ARTICLE 9) Air Conditioning Compliance AN OPPORTUNITY!

Ot Othe her E Ene nergy Efficien ency Oppo portu tuniti ties i in Comme ommercial al B Buil uildings

Lighting upgrades  Provide advice on energy efficient lighting upgrades:  LED  Induction lamps  Integrated sensor systems with light reflectors for optimum output  Retro fit or upgrade from T12 & T8 to T5  Provide advice on lighting system controls and their efficiency:  Dimmable control systems  PIR sensors  Photocells  Our approach is to undertake a lighting survey using calibrated Lux meters to determine current lighting levels, which are then compared against healthcare requirements in accordance with the relevant CIBSE Lighting Guide

Perceived vs. Actual Benefits LED Lighting T5 Lighting

Net Present Value — T8 to T5 Operational Costs Value Cost of equipment £49,543 Lamp change costs £10 Approximate number of lamps 800 2 years (assuming near constant operation) Maintenance Cycle Maintenance Cost £8,000 Depreciation in performance 2% Annual Savings £23,924 Interest rate 10% Assumes a 3.5% rise PA in electricity prices Expenses Income Money saved Cumulative Term in years Fixed costs Other costs Total by project Other savings Total Cash flow cash flow 0 49,543 49,543 -£49,543 -£49,543 1 0 0 £23,924 £0 £23,924 £23,924 -£25,619 2 8,000 8,000 £24,283 £0 £24,283 £16,283 -£9,336 3 0 0 £24,647 £0 £24,647 £24,647 £15,311 4 8,000 8,000 £25,017 £0 £25,017 £17,017 £32,328 5 0 0 £25,392 £0 £25,392 £25,392 £57,720 6 8,000 8,000 £25,773 £0 £25,773 £17,773 £75,493 7 0 0 £26,160 £0 £26,160 £26,160 £101,652 8 8,000 8,000 £26,552 £0 £26,552 £18,552 £120,204 9 0 0 £26,950 £0 £26,950 £26,950 £147,154 10 8,000 8,000 £27,354 £0 £27,354 £19,354 £166,509 £166,509 £82,572.37 NPV =