Electron-scattering constraints for neutrino-nucleus interactions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Electron-scattering constraints for neutrino-nucleus interactions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 10, 2024 186 likes •648 views

Electron-scattering constraints for neutrino-nucleus interactions Lawrence Weinstein Old Dominion University NUSTEC 2019 Collaboration Michigan State Old Dominion University FermiLab MIT Pitt Jefferson Lab York

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SLIDE 1

Electron-scattering constraints for neutrino-nucleus interactions

Lawrence Weinstein

Old Dominion University NUSTEC 2019

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SLIDE 2

Collaboration

  • Old Dominion University
  • MIT
  • Jefferson Lab
  • Tel Aviv U
  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
  • Michigan State
  • FermiLab
  • Pitt
  • York University, UK

Mariana Khachatryan (ODU) Afroditi Papdopolou (MIT) Adi Ashkenazi (MIT) Florian Hauenstein (ODU) + Minerba Betancourt (FNAL) + Lucas Tracy (ODU)

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SLIDE 3

Outline

  • Why electrons?

– Nuclear Physics

  • Current work

– Zero pion channel (updated) – One pion channel (new)

  • Future plans
  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
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SLIDE 4

Why electrons?

  • Known incident energy
  • High intensity
  • Similar interaction with nuclei

– Single boson exchange – CC Weak current [vector plus axial]

  • 𝑘"

± = %

𝑣 '()*

+ + (𝛿" − 𝛿"𝛿/)𝑣

– EM current [vector]

  • 𝑘"

12 = %

𝑣 𝛿"𝑣

  • Similar nuclear physics
  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

W+

p p 𝜉4 𝑚' p 𝑓' 𝑓' n

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SLIDE 5

Nuclear Physics

dσ dω

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
  • r ν

Dip

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SLIDE 6

Nuclear Physics

dσ dω

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
  • r ν

Dip

What neutrino expts want

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SLIDE 7

Nuclear Physics

dσ dω

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
  • r ν

Dip

Resonance Meson Exchange Currents Short Range Correlations Final State Interactions

What we get (even for 0pi)

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SLIDE 8

How do reaction mechanisms appear in A(e,e’p)?

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

Single nucleon knockout Undetected 2nd nucleon Missing energy (MeV) Undetected 2nd nucleon Undetected pion

??

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SLIDE 9

From QE to “dip”

0.4 GeV/c dip 0.6 GeV/c x ~ 1 𝜕 = 0.2 GeV x ~ 2

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
  • R. Lourie, PRL 56, 2364 (1986)
  • L. Weinstein, PRL 64, 1646 (1990)
  • S. Penn, PhD thesis, MIT

Dip Missing energy [MeV]

𝑦 = 𝑅+ 2𝑛𝜕

𝜕 = 0.2 𝜕 = 0.2 C(e,e’p)

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SLIDE 10

From Dip to Delta Region

q = 400 MeV/c ω = 275 MeV/c q = 473 MeV/c ω = 382 MeV/c ΔNèpN

  • r 2p2h

Δèπp

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

Baghaei, PRC 39, 177 (1989) Missing Energy (MeV) Missing Energy (MeV)

Dip ΔNèpN Δèπp C(e,e’p)

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SLIDE 11

Average Two-Nucleon Properties in the Nuclear Ground State

Responsible for the high momentum part of of the Nuclear WF

Two-body currents are not Correlations (but everything adds coherently)

What are correlations?

!

!

in SRC

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
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SLIDE 12

2N currents enhance correlations

Central correlations only Central + tensor corr Corr + MEC θpq

90

Em

30 360

σ

1250 12

σ σ

80

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

MEC and correlations add coherently → 2𝑞2ℎ

O(e,e’p) Ryckebusch NP A672 (2000) 285

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SLIDE 13

Physics Summary

  • Electron scattering:

– Monochromatic beam – Vector current only – Can choose kinematics to minimize “uninteresting” reaction mechanisms – Calculate cross sections after the fact

  • Neutrino interactions

– Continuous mixed beams – Vector plus axial current – Must include all reaction mechanisms

  • MEC, IC, correlations, Delta, …
  • FSI (not discussed here)

– Need good models in event generators

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
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SLIDE 14

Jefferson Lab data

CLAS6: 1996-2015

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

TOF CER CAL DC1 DC2 DC3

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SLIDE 15

CLAS6 (e,e’p) Data (million events)

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

1.1 GeV 2.2 GeV 4.4 GeV 3He 4 9 1 4He X 17 3 12C 3 11 2 56Fe X 0.5 0.1

E2a data only. E2b has more 4.6 GeV 3He and 56Fe Eg2 has 5 GeV d, C, Al, Fe, and Pb

1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

T2K off-axis flux T2K on-axis flux MiniBooNE flux A near detector flux ν NO A flux ν MINER

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 𝜉𝜈 Flux [Arb.] E𝜉 [GeV]

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SLIDE 16

Reconstructing the initial energy

  • Choose 0𝜌 events to enhance the QE sample

– Subtract undetected pions and photons

  • Weight by 1/𝜏FGHH to account for photon

propagator

  • Reconstruct the incident lepton energy:

– 𝐹JK =

+FLMN+FLKO'2O

P

+(FL'KONQORGSTO)

  • 𝜗: nucleon separation energy, 𝑁X nucleon mass
  • {𝑛4, 𝐹4, 𝑙4, 𝜄4} scattered lepton mass, energy,

momentum and angle

  • broadened by nucleon fermi motion

– 𝐹R^4 = 𝐹1 + 𝑈

a + 𝜗 [for (e,e’p) ]

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
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SLIDE 17

CLAS6 coverage

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

𝑞2(b ≈ 300 MeV/c 𝑞2(b ≈ 150 MeV/c

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SLIDE 18

Exclude radiated photons

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

𝛿 from 𝜌f 𝛿 from 𝜌f

𝛿 from Batman

Radiated 𝛿

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SLIDE 19

Background Subtraction

Want 0𝜌 event sample (e,e’) background: undetected pions and photons (e,e’p) background: undetected pions, photons and extra protons Data Driven Correction:

  • 1. Use measured (e,e’p𝜌/𝛿) events,
  • 2. Rotate 𝜌 or 𝛿 around q to

determine its acceptance,

  • 3. Subtract (e,e’p𝜌/𝛿) contributions
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SLIDE 20

Background Subtraction

Want 0𝜌 event sample (e,e’) background: undetected pions and photons (e,e’p) background: undetected pions, photons and extra protons Data Driven Correction:

  • 1. Use measured (e,e’p𝜌/𝛿) events,
  • 2. Rotate 𝜌 or 𝛿 around q to

determine its acceptance,

  • 3. Subtract (e,e’p𝜌/𝛿) contributions
  • 4. Do the same for 2p, 3p, 2p+ 𝜌 etc.

0 1 2 3

Nπ ± N p

0 1 2 3

pion multiplicity Proton multiplicity

2.2 GeV 12C 2.2 GeV 12C

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SLIDE 21

Background Subtraction

Want 0𝜌 event sample (e,e’) background: undetected pions and photons (e,e’p) background: undetected pions, photons and extra protons Data Driven Correction:

  • 1. Use measured (e,e’p𝜌/𝛿) events
  • 2. Rotate 𝜌 or 𝛿 around q to

determine its acceptance,

  • 3. Subtract (e,e’p𝜌/𝛿) contributions
  • 4. Do the same for 2p, 3p, 2p+ 𝜌 etc.

0 1 2 3

Nπ ± N p

0 1 2 3

pion multiplicity Proton multiplicity

2.2 GeV 12C 2.2 GeV 12C

Detected 1 𝜌/𝛿 Undetected 1 𝜌/𝛿 Undet 2 𝜌/𝛿

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SLIDE 22

Background Subtraction

Want 0𝜌 event sample (e,e’) background: undetected pions and photons (e,e’p) background: undetected pions, photons and extra protons Data Driven Correction:

  • 1. Use measured (e,e’p𝜌/𝛿) events
  • 2. Rotate 𝜌 or 𝛿 around q to

determine its acceptance,

  • 3. Subtract (e,e’p𝜌/𝛿) contributions
  • 4. Do the same for 2p, 3p, 2p+ 𝜌 etc.

0 1 2 3

Nπ ± N p

0 1 2 3

pion multiplicity Proton multiplicity

2.2 GeV 12C 2.2 GeV 12C

No cuts No det. 𝜌/𝛿 subtract 𝜌/𝛿 sub 𝜌

True 0𝜌 event sample!

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SLIDE 23

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Energy Reconstruction: A dependence

2.26 GeV beam

56Fe

EQE (e,e’p) Erec[GeV] ECal (e,e’p)

4He

Erec[GeV] ECal (e,e’p) EQE (e,e’) EQE (e,e’p)

Zero pion events

  • Even 0pi events have a LOT of non-QE events
  • Much bigger in Fe than 4He
  • Same long tail for Ecal and EQE

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

Preliminary

EQE (e,e’)

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SLIDE 24

Agreement between methods does not guarantee correctness

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

Good reconstruction Calorimetric method QE (lepton only) method

Bad reconstruction good agreement

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SLIDE 25

Fractional Energy Feeddown

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

4.4 GeV 2.2 GeV 4.4 GeV 2.2 GeV 1.1 GeV

56Fe 12C

Preliminary

calorimetric QE (e only)

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SLIDE 26

Can we select QE events?

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5

EQE[GeV]

2.2 GeV 56Fe

P

miss ⊥ = P e− ⊥ + Pp ⊥ ≈ P init ⊥

P

⊥

miss[GeV / c]

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 𝑞2(SS

g

𝑓h p e

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SLIDE 27

P

miss ⊥ slices

EQE

0-0.2 >0.4

56Fe 12C 4He

ECal

ECalor[GeV] EQE[GeV]

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

P

miss ⊥

EQE

Preliminary

High 𝑞2(SS

g

→ wrong energy!

0.2-0.4 >0.4 0.2-0.4 0-0.2

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SLIDE 28

Energy Transfer (GeV)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

) /c (GeV Q

0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

= 1.2

B

x = 0.8

B

x

GENIE

0𝜌 Data vs Genie 2.2 GeV

C(e,e’p) 2.26 GeV

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

Data

0.5 1.0 Energy Transfer 0.5 1.0 Energy Transfer 0.5 1.0 1.5

Q2 (GeV2)

Preliminary

1.5 0.5 1.0 1.5

GENIE No resonance!

0.5 1.0 1.5

Q2 (GeV2)

Energy Transfer

0𝜌 does not mean QE!

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SLIDE 29

0𝜌 Data vs GENIE

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

Data Data GENIE GENIE

𝑞g

2(SS [GeV/c]

𝑞g

2(SS [GeV/c]

C 2.2 GeV C 4.4 GeV

0.5 1 0.5 1

Preliminary

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SLIDE 30

0𝜌 Data vs GENIE: Carbon

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

2.2 GeV 4.4 GeV 1.1 GeV

Data: dashed GENIE: solid

Fractional energy feed down

Preliminary

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SLIDE 31

0𝜌 Data vs GENIE: Iron

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

2.2 GeV 4.4 GeV

Data: dashed GENIE: solid

Fractional energy feed down

Preliminary

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SLIDE 32

0𝜌 GENIE energy recon

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

12C(e,e’p) 2.2 GeV

The tail is entirely RES + DIS

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SLIDE 33

Data vs Genie: Ebeam Reconstruction

Fe e- Data 𝒇 GENIE 2.2 GeV 26% 29% 4.4 GeV 16% 21% Fraction of Fe(𝑓, 𝑓h𝑞) events with ECal within 5% of Ebeam

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
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SLIDE 34

Apply QE CLAS data to DUNE Oscillation

2 4 eA data Truth 𝜉𝐵 GENIE

  • Threw events with 𝜉𝐵 Genie
  • Reconstructed with 𝜉𝐵 GENIE or eA data
  • Compared Erec for eA to Erec for 𝜉𝐵

DUNE Far Detector

Preliminary

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

6

Reconstructed E𝜉 [GeV]

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SLIDE 35

New analysis:

  • ne pion channel (e,e’p𝜌)
  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

Three energy reconstruction methods:

  • 1. Kinematic (e only), assumes intermediate Δ
  • 𝐹 =

2u

P'2vP'+2vKw v

+(2v'Kw

vNKw vxyzTw)

𝑛h = 𝑛a − 𝜗

  • 2. Kinematic (e and 𝜌 only),
  • assumes single missing proton
  • 3. Calorimetric: 𝐹 = 𝐹1

h + 𝐹{ + 𝑈 a + 𝜗

Comparisons to GENIE coming soon …

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SLIDE 36

C(e,e’p𝜌) 2.2 GeV

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

sub_cal_all Entries 4290 Mean 1.841 Std Dev 0.3025

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Energy [GeV] 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

3

10 ´

sub_cal_all Entries 4290 Mean 1.841 Std Dev 0.3025 sub_cal_all_pimi Entries 957 Mean 2.054 Std Dev 0.2547

𝜌 minus 𝜌 plus all 𝜌 Calorimetric energy: 𝐹 = 𝐹1

h + 𝐹{ + 𝑈 a

Prepreliminary

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SLIDE 37

C(e,e’p𝜌) 2.2 GeV

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

sub_cal_all Entries 4290 Mean 1.841 Std Dev 0.3025

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Energy [GeV] 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

3

10 ´

sub_cal_all Entries 4290 Mean 1.841 Std Dev 0.3025 sub_cal_all_pimi Entries 957 Mean 2.054 Std Dev 0.2547 sub_kin_e_all Entries 4037 Mean 1.866 Std Dev 0.407

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Energy e-only [GeV] 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

3

10 ´

sub_kin_e_all Entries 4037 Mean 1.866 Std Dev 0.407

sub_kin_e_pi_all Entries 3998 Mean 2.129 Std Dev 0.3872

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Energy (e and pi) [GeV]

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

3

10 ´ sub_kin_e_pi_all Entries 3998 Mean 2.129 Std Dev 0.3872

𝑓𝑞𝜌 𝑓𝜌 𝑓 only

all 𝜌 𝜌 plus 𝜌 minus all 𝜌 𝜌 minus

Prepreliminary Prepreliminary

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SLIDE 38

More resonances?

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

sub_kin_e_pi_all Entries 7482 Mean 1.999 Std Dev 0.4097

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Energy (e+pi) [GeV]

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

3

10 ´

sub_kin_e_pi_all Entries 7482 Mean 1.999 Std Dev 0.4097

all 𝜌 𝜌 plus 𝜌 minus

3He (e,e’p𝜌) 2.2 GeV

  • ne pion channel

𝑓 + 𝜌 energy

Prepreliminary

(Assumes single missing proton)

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SLIDE 39

More resonances?

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

sub_kin_e_pi_all Entries 7482 Mean 1.999 Std Dev 0.4097

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Energy (e+pi) [GeV]

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

3

10 ´

sub_kin_e_pi_all Entries 7482 Mean 1.999 Std Dev 0.4097

Δ

Higher resonances? all 𝜌 𝜌 plus 𝜌 minus

Prepreliminary

3He (e,e’p𝜌) 2.2 GeV

  • ne pion channel

𝑓 + 𝜌 energy

(Assumes single missing proton)

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SLIDE 40

CLAS12

CLAS12

  • forward detector (5 – 40o)

– Toroidal magnetic field –

|a a ~ 0.5—1%

– Neutrons:

  • 50% effi for p > 1 GeV/c
  • |a

a ~ 10-15% for 1 GeV/c

  • Hermetic central detector

(40 – 135o)

– 5 T solenoidal field – Neutron effi ~ 10—15% – Neutron

|a a : 60 ps @ 0.3 m

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
  • 45 beam days approved with an A rating for
  • 1.1, 2.2, 4.4, and 6.6 GeV beam energies
  • d, He, C, O, Ar, Sn and SRC targets
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SLIDE 41

Goals

  • We provide event yields and detector

acceptance maps

– Many beam energies – Many targets – Many event topologies

  • Let experts use these to tune generators and

understand energy reconstruction

  • What do you want from the data?
  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
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SLIDE 42
  • Nuclear physics is

complicated!

  • Electron scattering can

contribute dramatically to neutrino experiments

– Similar physics – Lots of data available – Lots more to come

  • Neutrino community input

is welcome

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019

sub_cal_all Entries 4290 Mean 1.841 Std Dev 0.3025

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Energy [GeV] 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

3

10 ´

sub_cal_all Entries 4290 Mean 1.841 Std Dev 0.3025 sub_cal_all_pimi Entries 957 Mean 2.054 Std Dev 0.2547

One pion channel Zero pion channel

𝜌 minus 𝜌 plus all 𝜌

Prepreliminary Preliminary

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Backup slides

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
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SLIDE 44

Mott weighting

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019
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SLIDE 45

Similarity of electron and neutrino GENIE

2.2 GeV Fe, zero-pion, QE

(𝑓, 𝑓’𝑞) (𝜉, 𝜈'𝑞) (𝜉, 𝜈'𝑞) (𝜉, 𝜈'𝑞) (𝜉, 𝜈'𝑞) (𝑓, 𝑓’𝑞) (𝑓, 𝑓’𝑞) (𝑓, 𝑓’𝑞)

  • L. Weinstein, NUSTEC 2019