Steven Hoekstra LOW-ENERGY PRECISION MEASUREMENTS electron-EDM program leader ELECTRON-EDM Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity University of Groningen
NL- e EDM Measuring the electron-EDM with BaF molecules Master students: Scientific staff: Hidde Makaske Anastasia Borschevsky Sander Vermeulen Rick Bethlem Kees Steinebach Steven Hoekstra Mark Buisman Klaus Jungmann Rutger Hof Rob Timmermans Paul Hofland Wim Ubachs Lorenz Willmann Bachelor students: PhD students: Mairéad O’Shea Scanlan Parul Aggarwal Attie Hendriks Alexander Boeschoten Jente Joosten Kevin Esajas Richard Borchers Pi Haase Marit Fiechter Yongliang Hao Virginia Marshall Thomas Meijknecht Maarten Mooij Anno Touwen Artem Zapara Postdocs Malika Denis Yanning Yin van swinderen institute for particle physics and gravity Dutch National Institute for (astro)Particle Physics
Is the electron round? The Electric Dipole Moment of the electron (eEDM) an eEDM violates time-reversal symmetry figure reference: Nature 553, 144 (2018)
Probing new physics with the eEDM This project BaF This project ThO YbF ThO ThO Tl This proposal This proposal BaF (2018) (2018) (2011) (2014) (2002) Future perspective multi- Higgs left right extended symmetric technicolor lepton fm avour- alignment changing split SUSY This blue region The Standard is ruled out Model SO(10)GUT seesaw neutrino Yukawa couplings accidental approx. approx. cancellations CP universality heavy naive SUSY fermions 10 − 25 10 − 26 10 − 27 10 − 28 10 − 29 10 − 30 10 − 31 10 − 32 10 − 33 10 − 34 10 − 38 10 − 39 electron-EDM |d e | ( e cm) Probing physics at high energies: 3 10 30 TeV
cryogenic source decelerator laser cooling state preparation interaction optical detection guide Phase 1: construction Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 3: measurement 2017 2019 2021 2023 Task Supervisor Student Task Leader Position cryogenic source Ubachs PhD 1 1 deceleration and guide of cryogenic High eEDM sensitivity by using Spectroscopy decelerator BaF Hoekstra PhD 2 2 of BaF intensity upgrade lasercooling intense beam of slow BaF calculation of Borschevsky PhD 3 3a molecular properties of slow molecules Willmann PhD 4 3b molecular laser cooling systematics and Timmermans PhD 5 4a simulations EDM measurement on an intense, slow EDM and cold BaF beam measurement supersonic beam of BaF, Jungmann PhD 6, 4b with fast interaction zone design postdoc 1 BaF beam data collection, Bethlem PhD 7 4c analysis
Overview Phase 1 Phase 2a Phase 2b construction fast beam eEDM slow and intense beam Phase 1: construction Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 3: measurement 2017 2019 2021 2023 Task Supervisor Student Task Leader Position cryogenic source Ubachs PhD 1 1 deceleration and guide of cryogenic Spectroscopy decelerator BaF Hoekstra PhD 2 2 of BaF intensity upgrade lasercooling of slow BaF calculation of Borschevsky PhD 3 3a molecular properties Willmann PhD 4 3b molecular laser cooling systematics and Timmermans PhD 5 4a simulations EDM measurement on an intense, slow EDM and cold BaF beam measurement supersonic beam of BaF, Jungmann PhD 6, 4b with fast interaction zone design postdoc 1 BaF beam data collection, Bethlem PhD 7 4c analysis
Phase 1: construction Phase 2: testing and combining Cryogenic sources (RUG and VU) 2017 2019 2021 RUG source VU source cryogenic source Goal : get quickly operational Goal : best BaF source possible deceleration and guide of cryogenic Status : Status : Spectroscopy decelerator BaF - designed, built, operational - Reached important milestone: of BaF intensity upgrade lasercooling of - SrF: velocity ~150-200 m/s - Two weeks ago first signal of BaF! slow BaF calculation of - Reached important milestone: Guide molecular properties - production of SrF from metal target Goal : increase #molecules into decelerator molecular laser cooling Status : will be implemented in september systematics and simulations EDM measurement supersonic beam of BaF, with fast doc 1 interaction zone design BaF beam data collection, analysis People Kevin Esajas PhD Maarten Mooij (VU) PhD Rutger Hof Msc Paul Hofland (VU) Msc Yanning Yin Postdoc Leo Huisman Technican Wim Ubachs Sta ff Steven Hoekstra Sta ff Rick Bethlem Sta ff
Decelerator upgrade Phase 1: construction Phase 2: testing and combining Decelerator upgrade 2017 2019 2021 High-voltage upgrade 5 -> 10 kV cryogenic source deceleration Goal : 10x more molecules and guide of cryogenic Spectroscopy Status : transformer prototype tested, decelerator BaF of BaF intensity upgrade lasercooling bandwidth in spec: 1.5 kHz to 20 kHz of slow BaF calculation of molecular properties molecular laser cooling systematics and simulations EDM measurement supersonic beam of BaF, with fast Measurement of transformer bandwidth doc 1 interaction zone design BaF beam data collection, Phase as a function of frequency analysis People phase (degrees) Parul Aggarwal PhD Artem Zapara PhD Hidde Makaske Msc Leo Huisman Technician Rick Bethlem Sta ff Steven Hoekstra Sta ff frequency (Hz)
Decelerator upgrade Phase 1: construction Phase 2: testing and combining 2017 2019 2021 High-voltage upgrade 5 -> 10 kV Re-alignment of the decelerator cryogenic source deceleration Goal : 10x more molecules Goal : fix kink, improve module alignment and guide of cryogenic Spectroscopy Status : transformer prototype tested, Status: decelerator BaF of BaF intensity upgrade lasercooling - changed direction of decelerator bandwidth in spec: 1.5 kHz to 20 kHz of - improved alignment slow BaF calculation of molecular properties - improved connections - Reached important milestone: molecular laser cooling - HV conditioning complete systematics and simulations EDM measurement supersonic beam of BaF, with fast doc 1 interaction zone design BaF beam data collection, analysis People Parul Aggarwal PhD Artem Zapara PhD Hidde Makaske Msc Leo Huisman Technician Rick Bethlem Sta ff Steven Hoekstra Sta ff
Decelerator upgrade Phase 1: construction Phase 2: testing and combining 2017 2019 2021 High-voltage upgrade 5 -> 10 kV Re-alignment of the decelerator cryogenic source deceleration Goal : 10x more molecules Goal : fix kink, improve module alignment and guide of cryogenic Spectroscopy Status : transformer prototype tested, Status: decelerator BaF of BaF intensity upgrade lasercooling - changed direction of decelerator bandwidth in spec: 1.5 kHz to 20 kHz of - improved alignment slow BaF calculation of molecular properties - improved connections - Reached important milestone: molecular laser cooling - HV conditioning complete systematics and simulations EDM measurement supersonic beam of BaF, with fast doc 1 interaction zone design BaF beam data collection, analysis People Parul Aggarwal PhD Artem Zapara PhD Hidde Makaske Msc Leo Huisman Technician Rick Bethlem Sta ff Steven Hoekstra Sta ff PhD Thesis defence 24-5-2019
Calculation of molecular properties Phase 1: construction Phase 2: testing and combining 2017 2019 2021 Method development for highest accuracy cryogenic source deceleration BaF molecular structure and guide E ff ective electric field in BaF of cryogenic Spectroscopy Goal : laser cooling, state transfer decelerator BaF Goal : interpretation of measurement of BaF intensity upgrade lasercooling Status : identified best cooling of Status : most accurate value determined. Results in 2 scheme, paper published in slow BaF calculation of papers, with analysis of systematic effects in calculation. molecular properties Journal of Chemical Physics molecular laser cooling Effective electric field in BaF B 2 Σ systematics and simulations 1.1e-5 5 EDM 8.4e-6 A 2 Π measurement supersonic beam of BaF, with fast doc 1 interaction zone design 2.4e-3 BaF beam 4 A' ∆ data collection, analysis E eff (GV/cm) 9.0e-6 3.3e-4 3 to v ≥ 3 People 0.817 Pi Haase PhD 2 7.7e-4 Yongliang Hao PhD Diewertje Douglas Msc 0.034 1 Malika Denis Postdoc 0.964 Anastasia Borschevsky Sta ff X 2 Σ v=2 0 v=1 v=0 0 10 20 30 40 50 BaF Applied electric field (kV/cm)
Laser systems Phase 1: construction Phase 2: testing and combining 2017 2019 2021 Goal : flexible laser system: state preparation, cooling and molecule detection cryogenic source Status : laser system operational deceleration and guide of cryogenic Spectroscopy decelerator BaF of BaF intensity upgrade lasercooling of slow BaF calculation of molecular properties molecular laser cooling systematics and simulations EDM measurement supersonic beam of BaF, with fast doc 1 interaction zone design BaF beam data collection, analysis People Virginia Marshall PhD Oliver Böll Technician Lorenz Willmann Sta ff
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