ELECTRON-EDM Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ELECTRON-EDM Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 24, 2023 97 likes •346 views

Steven Hoekstra LOW-ENERGY PRECISION MEASUREMENTS electron-EDM program leader ELECTRON-EDM Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity University of Groningen NL- e EDM Measuring the electron-EDM with BaF molecules Master

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ELECTRON-EDM

Steven Hoekstra electron-EDM program leader Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity University of Groningen LOW-ENERGY PRECISION MEASUREMENTS

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van swinderen institute for particle physics and gravity

NL-eEDM Measuring the electron-EDM with BaF molecules

Scientific staff: Anastasia Borschevsky Rick Bethlem Steven Hoekstra Klaus Jungmann Rob Timmermans Wim Ubachs Lorenz Willmann PhD students: Parul Aggarwal Alexander Boeschoten Kevin Esajas Pi Haase Yongliang Hao Virginia Marshall Thomas Meijknecht Maarten Mooij Anno Touwen Artem Zapara Postdocs Malika Denis Yanning Yin Dutch National Institute for (astro)Particle Physics Master students: Hidde Makaske Sander Vermeulen Kees Steinebach Mark Buisman Rutger Hof Paul Hofland Bachelor students: Mairéad O’Shea Scanlan Attie Hendriks Jente Joosten Richard Borchers Marit Fiechter

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The Electric Dipole Moment of the electron (eEDM)

Is the electron round?

an eEDM violates time-reversal symmetry

figure reference: Nature 553, 144 (2018)

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Future perspective

This proposal

ThO (2018)

This proposal

This project BaF

ThO (2014) YbF (2011) Tl (2002)

multi- Higgs left right symmetric extended technicolor lepton fmavour- changing alignment split SUSY SO(10)GUT seesaw neutrino Yukawa couplings accidental cancellations approx. CP approx. universality naive SUSY heavy fermions

10−25 10−26 10−27 10−28 10−29 10−30 10−31 10−32 10−33 10−34 10−38 10−39 electron-EDM |de | (e cm) The Standard Model

3 10 30 TeV Probing physics at high energies: This blue region is ruled out

Probing new physics with the eEDM

ThO (2018) This project BaF

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cryogenic source decelerator state preparation interaction

  • ptical detection

laser cooling guide

molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 3: measurement Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction PhD 7 PhD 6, postdoc 1 PhD 5 PhD 4 PhD 3 PhD 2 PhD 1

2017 2019 2021 2023

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement

  • n an intense, slow

and cold BaF beam EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Task Leader Position

4c 4b 4a 3b 3a 2 1 Bethlem Jungmann Timmermans Willmann Borschevsky Hoekstra Ubachs

Task Supervisor Student

High eEDM sensitivity by using intense beam

  • f slow molecules
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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 3: measurement Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction PhD 7 PhD 6, postdoc 1 PhD 5 PhD 4 PhD 3 PhD 2 PhD 1

2017 2019 2021 2023

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement

  • n an intense, slow

and cold BaF beam EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Task Leader Position

4c 4b 4a 3b 3a 2 1 Bethlem Jungmann Timmermans Willmann Borschevsky Hoekstra Ubachs

Task Supervisor Student

Phase 2a fast beam eEDM Phase 2b slow and intense beam

Overview

Phase 1 construction

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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

People Kevin Esajas PhD Maarten Mooij (VU) PhD Rutger Hof Msc Paul Hofland (VU) Msc Yanning Yin Postdoc Leo Huisman Technican Wim Ubachs Staff Steven Hoekstra Staff Rick Bethlem Staff VU source Goal: best BaF source possible Status:

  • Reached important milestone:
  • Two weeks ago first signal of BaF!

RUG source Goal: get quickly operational Status:

  • designed, built, operational
  • SrF: velocity ~150-200 m/s
  • Reached important milestone:
  • production of SrF from metal target

Cryogenic sources (RUG and VU)

Guide Goal: increase #molecules into decelerator Status: will be implemented in september

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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Decelerator upgrade People Parul Aggarwal PhD Artem Zapara PhD Hidde Makaske Msc Leo Huisman Technician Rick Bethlem Staff Steven Hoekstra Staff Measurement of transformer bandwidth

Decelerator upgrade

High-voltage upgrade 5 -> 10 kV Goal: 10x more molecules Status: transformer prototype tested, bandwidth in spec: 1.5 kHz to 20 kHz

Phase as a function of frequency frequency (Hz) phase (degrees)

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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Decelerator upgrade

High-voltage upgrade 5 -> 10 kV Goal: 10x more molecules Status: transformer prototype tested, bandwidth in spec: 1.5 kHz to 20 kHz Re-alignment of the decelerator Goal: fix kink, improve module alignment Status:

  • changed direction of decelerator
  • improved alignment
  • improved connections
  • Reached important milestone:
  • HV conditioning complete

People Parul Aggarwal PhD Artem Zapara PhD Hidde Makaske Msc Leo Huisman Technician Rick Bethlem Staff Steven Hoekstra Staff

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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Decelerator upgrade

High-voltage upgrade 5 -> 10 kV Goal: 10x more molecules Status: transformer prototype tested, bandwidth in spec: 1.5 kHz to 20 kHz Re-alignment of the decelerator Goal: fix kink, improve module alignment Status:

  • changed direction of decelerator
  • improved alignment
  • improved connections
  • Reached important milestone:
  • HV conditioning complete

People Parul Aggarwal PhD Artem Zapara PhD Hidde Makaske Msc Leo Huisman Technician Rick Bethlem Staff Steven Hoekstra Staff

PhD Thesis defence 24-5-2019

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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Method development for highest accuracy People Pi Haase PhD Yongliang Hao PhD Diewertje Douglas Msc Malika Denis Postdoc Anastasia Borschevsky Staff

10 20 30 40 50 1 2 3 4 5 Eeff (GV/cm) Applied electric field (kV/cm) Effective electric field in BaF

X2Σ A2Π B2Σ A' ∆ v=0 v=1 v=2 BaF

0.817 0.964 0.034 7.7e-4 3.3e-4 2.4e-3 9.0e-6 to v≥3 1.1e-5 8.4e-6

Effective electric field in BaF Goal: interpretation of measurement Status: most accurate value determined. Results in 2 papers, with analysis of systematic effects in calculation. BaF molecular structure Goal: laser cooling, state transfer Status: identified best cooling scheme, paper published in Journal of Chemical Physics

Calculation of molecular properties

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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Goal: flexible laser system: state preparation, cooling and molecule detection Status: laser system operational People Virginia Marshall PhD Oliver Böll Technician Lorenz Willmann Staff

Laser systems

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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Goal: create a BaF beam for spectroscopy and fast-beam eEDM Status: supersonic beam operational

  • very cold beam ~ 1K
  • combined with IR excitation and fluorescence detection zone
  • spectroscopy of BaF: lifetime measurement of electronic excited state in BaF
  • paper submitted.

People Parul Aggarwal PhD Virginia Marshall PhD Sander Vermeulen Msc Steven Hoekstra Staff Lorenz Willmann Staff

Supersonic beam

2% SF₆ and 98% Ar

PMT

Ba target Skimmer

AOM

Ti:Sa Nd:YAG 0th

Probe laser pulses Ablation pulse

1st

Even-Lavie valve BaF beam

5 8 c m

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molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

Goal: create controlled electric (strong) and magnetic (weak) field region Status:

  • design of magnetic shield, magnetic field coils and electric field plates finished
  • delivery of shield, coils and plates expected. Prototype field coil manufactured @ nikhef.

People Thomas Meijknecht PhD Leo Huisman Technician Oliver Böll Technician Lorenz Willmann Staff Klaus Jungmann Staff

Interaction zone

Magnetic field shielding Prototype field coil

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Summary of status: phase 1 completed

status cryogenic source

  • perational

decelerator upgrade

  • ngoing

molecular properties done laser systems

  • perational

supersonic beam

  • perational

spectroscopy of BaF done interaction zone design done

molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measuremen with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

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Phase 2: fast beam eEDM and cold slow beam

fast beam eEDM laser systems

Virginia

interaction zone

Thomas

systematics

Alexander

data acquistion

Anno

cold slow beam cryogenic source

Maarten, Yanning

decelerator

Parul

laser systems

Virginia

molecular laser cooling cryogenic source and guide decelerator intensity upgrade Phase 2: testing and combining Phase 1: construction doc 1

2017 2019 2021

supersonic beam of BaF, interaction zone design systematics and simulations calculation of molecular properties Spectroscopy

  • f BaF

EDM measurement with fast BaF beam lasercooling

  • f

slow BaF deceleration

  • f cryogenic

BaF data collection, analysis

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now

  • mbining

2021

EDM ement with fast BaF beam

  • oling

w BaF

Cold slow beam Fast beam eEDM

Goal: 106 molecules/shot Goal: statistics @ 10-28 level

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Proud of the team!

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extra material

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Meetings:

  • weekly paper discussion by students
  • bi-weekly friday eEDM meetings with all involved
  • separate staff meetings
  • yearly meeting in september: look back, plan ahead
  • 2017 & 2019: International summerschool ‘Search for

new physics with low-energy precision tests’

Meeting and management structure

Managing the program:

  • decision on major investments: SH, LW, RB
  • electronic logbook and document sharing

Summer school June 2019

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EPJD 72:197 (2018)

Key numbers

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Cryogenic cooling Stark deceleration laser cooling State Prep. Coherent Spin precession 5 K 50 mK 150 μK Ablation T=1000 K Apply external fields 10 ns 100 μs 25 ms 3-5 ms 15 ms State readout N= 1x1013 Guide 20 K 4x109 180 m/s 30 m/s <v>=375 m/s 5x1010 2x106 1,6x106 9x105 7x105

Key numbers

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Cryogenic source data June 2019